This paper presents a project done within the field of office interior design, which aims to create an efficient set of services that caters to the needs of the interior designer while procuring and implementing used furniture in their projects. The project was conducted in collaboration with Plym Projekt AB, an interior design company who introduced the thesis topic, and Easy Steps, sustainability-focused consultancy company. The collaboration involved regular sessions throughout the course of the thesis, including feedback, guidance and co-creation. During the past two years, the Plym has seen an increase in the demand for sustainable furniture options in the office interior design field. Since then, the company has been attempting to update its business model to provide its customers with a sustainable alternative, encountering obstacles along the way. In addition to a literature review, primary research was conducted, including stakeholder interviews and an end-user questionnaire. Upon empirical data, the authors identified a gap in the industry that is ideally suited for a new actor. The project results in the development of this new actor and its business activities through service design, proposing a set of services that will not only benefit the interior designer, but also its clients, furniture suppliers, and other stakeholders in the office furniture industry. Finally, the service is partially demonstrated through the prototype of a digital platform.

In the project "moving between futures" I explored through an interactive design exhibition and a performative event on the streets how design can be used to encourage and to reflect on ones own wishes and fears regarding the future in relation to the climate crisis which we are living and facing. Part of the exploration process were a story gathering workshop and engagement with activists.

This is a project about you, me, us. About the total sum of being alive, feeling alive and breathing in reality. It is about a deep unconscious knowledge that we never learned to process and act upon.

It is about listening first and taking action later, together. About understanding that we are alive at the same time, at the edge of no return. It is about the stories we tell each other when we dream and the ones we tell each other when we wake up screaming from a nightmare - the inbetween and the million, trillion directions we can decide to take from here.

This project is about the climate disaster we are facing and how we need to find agency within ourselves together. We can still move between these futures.

Abstrakt

The violence within the state's institutional board is extensive and affects both staff and young people. The State Board of Institutions has attracted a lot of attention in the media and several reports and articles have described the problem. The State Board of Institutions is an authority that provides compulsory care for adult addicts and young people. The problems within the state's institutional board will not be solved by themselves. The violence seems to be escalating and something must be done. An important part of the work is decision-making. Every situation requires decision making and even when no decision is made it is decision making. The purpose of the essay is to examine the emotional decision-making within the state's institutional board. Qualitative interviews have been chosen as the method. These consisted of two focus groups with follow-up interviews. The previous research consists of research on the state's institutional board, a research on social workers and one on decision-making. The theory consists of Hochschild's emotional work and theoretical concepts from it. Important conclusions in the work are that emotional decision-making is highly individual and is based on one's own reason. Important factors for the treatment educators' emotional decision-making are the immediate supervisor, young people, colleagues, knowledge of and trust in methods. There are points of contact with the theory, mainly when it comes to the profession and professional role.

I föreliggande studie riktas uppmärksamheten mot elevers tidiga skrivande. Speciallärare har en viktig uppgift att berika och understödja lärares kunskaper i främjande skrivundervisning. Elevers skrivutveckling är komplex och inrymmer flera samverkande dimensioner, där undervisningen behöver anpassas efter varje elevs nivå. För att kunna bedriva en allsidig undervisning som gynnar alla elever behövs en medvetenhet om skrivundervisningens bredd, som här tydliggörs med hjälp av skrivdiskurser. Varje diskurs belyser olika aspekter av skrivande rörande språkliga val och handlingar. Mot bakgrund av införandet av grundskolans nya läroplan, Lgr22 (Skolverket, 2022b) och de krav på varierad skriftproduktion som förväntas av elever utifrån uppsatta kunskapskriterier, är studiens syfte att bidra med kunskap kring hur skrivundervisning ur ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv understöds och kopplas till framträdande skrivdiskurser i styrdokument och stödunderlag. Studiens empiriska material inhämtades från Lgr22, delar som berör skrivande i grundskolans tidigare år, med tillhörande stödunderlag. Materialet kopplades till nationell och internationell forskning om skrivande, skrivdidaktik och skrivundervisning. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt och metod användes diskursanalys, som via diskurser undersöker hur världen konstrueras med hjälp av språket. Citat innehållande ordstammarna skriv och text i de aktuella dokumenten identifierades och kategoriserades utifrån ett analytiskt ramverktyg. Inledningsvis användes Ivaničs (2004) analytiska ramverktyg, innehållande de sex skrivdiskurserna Färdighetsdiskurs, Genrediskurs, Socialpraktisk diskurs, Kreativitetsdiskurs, Processdiskurs och Sociopolitisk diskurs kopplade till de fyra språklagren Text, Kognitiva processer, Situation samt Sociokulturell och politisk kontext. Under processens gång utökades det analytiska ramverktyget med Färdigdiskurs och Multimodal genrediskurs (Forsberg, 2021; Wohlvend, 2009). Relationen mellan diskurserna redovisas i form av diskursordning, där diskursernas förekomst rangordnas från högre till lägre. Vid betraktande av styrdokument och stödunderlag som helhet finns samtliga aktuella skrivdiskurser representerade, i motsats till när respektive del studeras var för sig. En slutsats är att en bredd i diskurser kan urskiljas när det kommer till de styrdokument som beskriver undervisningen, medan ett begränsat urval diskurser visas i de styrdokument som reglerar bedömning av elevers skrivförmåga. Eftersom ansvaret för hur läroplanen ska tolkas och omsättas i skrivundervisningen bärs av ansvarig lärare, kan en kontinuerlig dialog mellan lärare och speciallärare bidra till att skapa samsyn och ett gemensamt språk kring en skrivundervisning som gynnar alla elever. Tolkningar och värderingar av språkliga konstruktioner påverkar den pedagogiska praktiken i såväl negativ som positiv riktning. Ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv hos lärare och speciallärare skapar en medvetenhet om effekten av språkliga konstruktioner, vilket kan främja förutsättningarna för likvärdighet i lärmiljön. 

Föreliggande studie beskriver de barn som upplevs ha ett normbrytande beteende i förskolan och som bemöts av uppfattningen och strävan från pedagogerna att barnets beteende bör förändras (Ohlsson, 2022). Enligt Lutz (2021) är pedagogernas förhållningssätt helt avgörande, där ett gott bemötande många gånger ökar barnens chanser att lyckas. Ett uppmärksammat problematiskt uttryck som studien grundar sin undersökning på, är pedagoger som enbart ser till barnets brister och drar direkt paralleller till att det skulle vara en bakomliggande diagnos på grund av barnets normbrytande beteende. Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om den påverkan ett specialpedagogiskt förhållningsätt har i mötet med barn som upplevs ha ett normbrytande beteende.  Metoden som användes i föreliggande studie var kvalitativa intervjuer utifrån fokusgrupper med urvalet förskolelärare. Resultatet bearbetades utifrån en tematisk innehållsanalys (Braun & Clarke, 2006) och vilar på ett kategoriskt, punktuellt och relationellt teoretiskt ramverk med förankring i begreppen relationellkompetens och relations pedagogik. Studiens slutsats visar att å ena sidan är förskollärarna medvetna om betydelsen av ett gott förhållningssätt i mötet med ett upplevt normbrytande beteende i förskolan. Å andra sidan visar studien att, oavsett hur intresserade förskollärarna är av ett specialpedagogiskt förhållningssätt så lyckas de inte med att bemöta alla barns behov/svårigheter om inte förutsättningarna för det finns eller går att skapa. Det som förskollärarna eftersökte var kvalité i ledningen samt resurser och kompetensutveckling för att hantera och bemöta barn som upplevs ha ett normbrytande beteende. Konsekvenserna som uppmärksammats i studien är när personalen inte får det stöd som krävs, som tillräcklig specialpedagogisk kompetensutveckling eller tillgång till specialpedagog. Även andra faktorer som stress, stora barngrupper och för lite personal bidrar till att pedagogerna i förskolan inte alltid reflekterar över sitt förhållningssätt och dess påverkan i mötet med ett upplevt normbrytande beteende hos barn. 

I denna studie riktades ljuset mot skolans kompensatoriska digitala verktyg, ävenkallad assisterande teknik, vilket är ett samlingsbegrepp för att beskriva dekompenserande tekniska lösningar som elever använder i undervisningen. Sommetodval användes kvalitativa intervjuer. Studieobjektet i studien fokuserade påspecialpedagogers och lärares uppfattning och förståelse av fenomenet assisterandeteknik. Studien ville identifiera kvalitativt skilda sätt i professionernas förståelse ochuppfattningar, vilket är utgångspunkten i Marton och Booth (2000), Dahlgren ochJohansson (2019) och Uljens (1989) beskrivning av fenomenografin. För att få enholistisk och nyanserad förståelse av studieobjektet, i detta fall fenomenetassisterande teknik, kombinerades den fenomenografiska analysen med detsociokulturella perspektivet. Genom denna kombination nåddes en mer heltäckandeförståelse av informanternas uppfattningar och förståelse av det aktuellastudieobjektet. Studiens resultat visade att en begreppsförvirring rådde och attspecialpedagoger och lärare hade skilda uppfattningar om behov av samverkan iutformandet av assisterande teknik. Resultatet visade även att assisterande teknik iflertalet fall användes för att variera undervisningen i stället för att kompenseralärandet hos elever i behov av särskilt stöd. Studien synliggjorde att diskussioner omhur professionerna kunde ta del av varandras kompetens på ett bättre sätt bordekonkretiseras, samt att kompetensutveckling om innebörden av assisterande teknikborde vara återkommande inslag på varje skolas agenda, då tekniken är föränderlig.

Alla som går i skolan ska ha tillgång till en likvärdig utbildning oavsett om de har en funktionsnedsättning eller inte. Enligt tidigare forskning kan konsekvenserna bli stora av att eleverna med hörselnedsättning inte använder sina hörhjälpmedel, då de har svårare att följa med i undervisningen och i social interaktion. Studiens syfte var därför att bidra med kunskap om elevers användning av hörhjälpmedel i skolan. Det blev också intressant att undersöka unga vuxnas resonemang angående sitt användande av hörhjälpmedel, samt vilka upplevelser de har av att använda dem i skolan. Metoden som använts är kvalitativa intervjuer med halvstrukturerade frågor och det var sex unga vuxna som intervjuades. Resultatet visade att faktorer som påverkade de unga vuxnas användande av hörhjälpmedel var psykosociala faktorer, tekniska faktorer samt miljöfaktorer. Resultatet visade, tvärtemot vad tidigare studier visar, att intervjupersonerna använde sina hörhjälpmedel i hög utsträckning under skoltiden, samt överlag var nöjda med skolans miljöer och lärarnas bemötande utifrån ett hörselperspektiv. Dock synliggörs även normer kring hörselnedsättning och hörhjälpmedel där de unga vuxna berättar om rädsla för att inte passa in eller bli retade.

Denna studie har fokuserat på specialpedagogen som kvalificerad samtalspartner i en skolutvecklande kontext då en brist av aktuell forskning inom ämnet identifierats. Syftet för studien var att bidra med kunskap om hur specialpedagogens roll som kvalificerad samtalspartner, utifrån rektorers framställan, skulle kunna bidra till skolutveckling kopplat till skolans inre organisatoriska nivåer. Halvstrukturella intervjuer har genomförts med sex grundskolerektorer och resultatet har sedermera analyserats med hjälp av ett systemteoretiskt ramverk utifrån systemteoretiska begrepp såsom de beskrivs av Gjems (1997) och Öquist (2013; 2018). Studien har visat att rektorer ser att specialpedagogers kvalificerade samtal, inofficiella och officiella, genomförda inom skolans samtliga nivåer, skulle kunna påverka skolan som organisation och den praktik som genomförs i den. Specialpedagogen i rollen som kvalificerad samtalspartner sågs kunna utmana lärarnas tänkande i mellanmänskliga reflekterande samtal samt genom modellering av förhållningssätt påverka elevsyn och öka undervisningens kvalité. Fynden i studien visade att specialpedagogen i kvalificerade samtal tillsammans med rektor skulle kunna verka för skolutveckling genom att bidra till rektors helhetsbild av organisationens alla delar utifrån specialpedagogiska perspektiv samt den nära kopplingen till verksamhetens alla aktörer. Vidare identifieras att ett långsiktigt arbete kräver skolledningens stöd och utifrån föreliggande studie och tidigare forskning behöver förutsättningar för kvalificerade samtal skapas och prioriteras för att detta ska kunna ske. Tiden framkom som ett hinder för resursanvändandet av specialpedagogen som kvalificerad samtalspartner i en skolutvecklande kontext där rektor har en viktig roll i utformandet av tjänstebeskrivning samt om tid för att kvalificerade samtal ska kunna prioriteras. Vidare behöver det finnas tillit till specialpedagogens kompetens både hos rektor och kollegor. Specialpedagogen som kvalificerad samtalspartner skulle med sin möjlighet att simultant tillhöra och röra sig mellan de olika systemnivåerna kunna bidra till skolutveckling och som rektors förlängda arm i verksamheten.

Learning Analytics Dashboards (LADs) can help provide insights and inform pedagogical decisions by supporting the analysis of large amounts of educational data, obtained from sources such as Digital Learning Materials (DLMs). Extracting requirements is a crucial step in developing a LAD, as it helps identify the underlying design problem that needs to be addressed. In fact, determining the problem that requires a solution is one of the primary objectives of requirements extraction. Although there have been studies on the development of LADs for K12 education, these studies have not specifically emphasized the use of a Human-Centered Design (HCD) approach to better comprehend the teachers’ requirements and produce more stimulating insights. In this paper we apply prototyping, which is widely acknowledged as a successful way for rapidly implementing cost-effective designs and efficiently gathering stakeholder feedback, to elicit such requirements. We present a three-step HCD approach, involving a design cycle that employs paper and interactive prototypes to guide the systematic and effective design of LADs that truly meet teacher requirements in primary/secondary education, actively engaging them in the design process. We then conducted interviews and usability testing to co-design and develop a LAD that can be used in classroom’s everyday learning activities. Our results show that the visualizations of the interactive prototype were easily interpreted by the participants, verifying our initial goal of co-developing an easy-to-use LAD.

Purpose: In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the cornea is a valuable tool for clinical assessment of the cornea but does not provide stand-alone diagnostic support. The aim of this work was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision-support system (DSS) for automated diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) using IVCM images.

Methods: The automated workflow for the AI-based DSS was defined and implemented using deep learning models, image processing techniques, rule-based decisions, and valuable input from domain experts. The models were evaluated with 5-fold-cross validation on a dataset of 85 patients (47,734 IVCM images from healthy, AK, and other disease cases) collected at a single eye clinic in Sweden. The developed DSS was validated on an additional 26 patients (21,236 images).

Results: Overall, the DSS uses as input raw unprocessed IVCM image data, successfully separates artefacts from true images (93% accuracy), then classifies the remaining images by their corneal layer (90% accuracy). The DSS subsequently predicts if the cornea is healthy or diseased (95% model accuracy). In disease cases, the DSS detects images with AK signs with 84% accuracy, and further localizes the regions of diagnostic value with 76.5% accuracy.

Conclusions: The proposed AI-based DSS can automatically and accurately preprocess IVCM images (separating artefacts and sorting images into corneal layers) which decreases screening time. The accuracy of AK detection using raw IVCM images must be further explored and improved.

Translational Relevance: The proposed automated DSS for experienced specialists assists in diagnosing AK using IVCM images.

Valuable hardwoods, such as oak, although renewable, present limitations in product realisation in terms of their cost and availability, often attributed to production waste and sub-optimal product design factors. The slicing technique facilitates the production of thin wood lamellae, minimising waste and ensuring optimal material conversion. This study explores the application of sliced lamellae in engineered wood flooring, focusing on quality aspects and control. 

The performance of sliced lamella-based engineered flooring was compared with traditional parquet flooring elements through standard performance tests, which scrutinised the characteristics of appearance, delamination, and dimensional stability under varying climate conditions. The climate tests highlighted the significant flaws of sliced lamella-based flooring elements: surface-checking. Despite diminished delamination resistance, the dimensional stability excelled for the sliced lamella–based flooring. Primary observations indicated that the study’s constraints are related to a lack of surface-checking quantitative measurements and an absence of sliced lamellae quality control. 

The subsequent research characterised sliced lamellae quality using the properties of slicing checks and mechanical performance perpendicular to the grain. Slicing thickness is considered a critical variable in both lamella-processing and product performance factors. A detection method using image processing and analysis was developed to characterise slicing check occurrence. The method considered slicing check characteristics, check depth ratio and check frequency. The results of the slicing check inspection indicated a decrease in the check depth ratio and check frequency with increased slicing thickness. 

Mechanical testing revealed that oak sliced lamellae exhibited considerably lower strength and stiffness compared to sawn solid wood. The slicing check depth ratio was found to be negatively correlated with the sliced lamellae’s tensile strength and strain at break.

A novel method for detecting surface-checking was developed and employed. It utilised digital image correlation and analysis of full-field strain data. The novelty of the method is advancing the surface-checking quality index that considers the check length over the inspected area. This method was applied to engineered wood flooring to evaluate the impacts of core type and sliced lamellae nominal thickness on surface-checking results. Significant interactions between the studied variables were found, indicating that the surface-checking tendency could not be attributed to a single factor. Especially notable was the reduced surface-checking outcome in standard core specimens paired with a low lamella thickness. 

This thesis offers new insights into using sliced lamella in engineered wood flooring realisation. Although the assumed sliced lamellae quality aspects, slicing check depth and check frequency, were shown not to impact surface-checking, the significant interactions between engineered wood flooring construction parameters highlight the need for a broader perspective concerning this subject. 

Future research should focus on further refining the sliced lamellae quality analysis and developing new methods that consider other quality aspects.

In this study, we present spectral enclosures and accumulation of eigenvalues of a class of operator functions with several unbounded operator coefficients. Our findings have direct relevance to the third-order Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation with memory and additional damping. The new results include sufficient conditions for the accumulation of branches of eigenvalues to the essential spectrum and new spectral enclosures for operator functions with several unbounded operator coefficients. To illustrate the analytical results, we apply the abstract findings to concrete equations of the Moore-Gibson-Thompson type. Additionally, we employ numerical computations to further elucidate the analytical results.

The usage of a graphical user interface (GUI) in software often make up for a greatexperience for the user and is often not an issue, until the only way to run a programis through a GUI. Such a dependency will make development of a project very hardas the only way to perform tests is to execute them manually. This is the case for asimulator that the company Creone uses and it is where we will perform our work.Creone works with smart key management systems and cabinets that allow for a safeand convenient way to store and handle keys. Registered users can open the cabinetswith a pin code that is entered on the dial on the cabinet door. Keys are assigned tousers and what keys that a user can take from a cabinet is seen on the display abovethe dialpad. We are to create a new core implementation that will remove the GUIdependency and allow the simulator to perform automated tests to some extent.

There has been a growing interest in wood-based buildings in Europe in recent years. A reason for this is that sustainability issues are becoming increasingly important in the building and construction sector, which is responsible for around 40% of the total CO2 emissions and between 25-30% of the total waste discarded in landfills, worldwide. Previous studies have shown that linear economic practices regarding used wood in construction and discarding it with minimal reuse or recycling after the demolition of the building results in significant environmental impacts. Therefore, applying circular economy concepts and criteria in wood building construction seems vital. This article provides state-of-the-art literature review of circular economy and its implementation in wood multi-storey building construction. A systematic literature review is conducted in which relevant peer reviewed articles were retrieved and explored to identify the state-of-the-art and current knowledge gaps that require further research. From an initial set of 157 scientific papers, a set of 15 highly relevant papers were selected for in-depth examination. The visualization tool VOSViewer is used to identify and gather the relevant data and information from the following academic databases: Web of science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. This systematic review provides concepts, indicators and tools for circular economy and circular construction solutions for multi-storey wood building construction. It also highlights the key knowledge gaps that require further research. By addressing these issues, this study aims to contribute to promoting circularity in design, construction, use, and post-use phases of wood multi-storey buildings, which are urgently needed in the construction sector to mitigate climate change.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka studiehandledares arbete och betydelsen av elevers flerspråkighet för deras lärande i lågstadiet. För att samla in data genomfördes observationer och intervjuer med tre studiehandledare (engelska, kurdiska och arabiska) på olika skolor. Av resultatet framgår att studiehandledarna använder sig av elevernas språkliga resurser för att förbereda dem att klara undervisningsspråket. Resultatet visar att studiehandledarnas uppdrag är att stödja de flerspråkiga eleverna för att förbättra elevernas svenska språkkunskaper mer generellt. Studiehandledarnas syn är positiv gentemot både första- och andraspråket. Resultatet visar också att elevernas förstaspråk inte är något mål i studiehandledningen utan förstaspråket används som hjälpmedel för att utveckla andraspråket. De flerspråkiga eleverna använder alltså sina språkliga resurser som ett medel för att lära sig undervisningsspråket som är deras andraspråk.

Object detection and machine learning are important fields in Computer science. This report presents two methods to find the bounding box of a license plate and tries to evaluate the best approach to deal with various lighting conditions. The first method uses edge detection to find a number of potential candidates, where each candidate is fed to a machine learning model who decides if the candidate is a license plate or not. This had an accuracy of 39%. This method is pointing towards struggling with varying light levels and the lowest accuracy was measured at the highest and lowest mean brightness values. The second method uses mostly machine learning to find the bounding box of a license plate which achieved a higher accuracy with 68%. This method seems to be better in low-light conditions and is more uniform in accuracy across different lighting conditions.

This book is directed toward museum professionals who want to expand and innovate their work in outreach through digital means. Learning, participation, and co-creation are central concepts in the book. The book is relevant for people holding different capacities at the museum: especially museum educators, exhibition producers, communicators, and museum directors. This does not mean that only museum professionals would find the book useful. What works in a museum context can often be adjusted to other contexts as well. Everyone is welcome to read the book and hopefully find inspiration and new perspectives. 

The purpose of the book is to provide food for thought in how to work with digital tools in outreach, and on occasion, to challenge old ways of working and thinking[LR1]  in museums. It is most often the capacity to imagine how to do things differently, rather than the limitations of the technology per se, that poses the greatest challenge to museums in an increasingly digital, or even postdigital, society. Focus will primarily be on how digital technology can help museum professionals stimulate active participation and co-creation with an audience. We do not only address completely online pedagogical programs, but we are also looking at how the digital can enhance the outcome and offer a new pedagogy in the museum – a (post)digital pedagogy.

This report covers the sixth year of the UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures at Linnaeus University. Among the highlights of the year were several global initiatives which our Chair could influence with its distinctive perspective on heritage futures that becomes ever better known. This included the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development MONDIACULT 2022 in Mexico City at the end of September. The conference established the significance of culture as a global public good and called for the inclusion of culture as a stand-along goal in the post-2030 international development agenda. One of the key contributions of futures thinking to global cultural policy is the notion of temporal interculturality, i. e. the mutability of culture and cultures over time, which was the topic of a panel I chaired at the Association of Critical Heritage Studies conference at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago de Chile in December 2023. The potential of cultural heritage for addressing the future challenges of climate change was addressed in an expert workshop to which I was invited at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK, at the end of March 2024. During the subsequent months, I was writing up my ideas about the "Climate Heritage Paradox"—using the future for rethinking global heritage management (p.13). A topic that remains significant in our work is memory across generations related to repositories of nuclear waste. In this context, Sarah May co-edited a new volume on Toxic heritage, and Anders Högberg and I published a paper on "Nuclear Waste as Critical Heritage" that in some ways constitutes a conclusion of our decade-long research on these issues. Among the research projects listed below is a range of exciting new empirical research Chair members have been involved in over the past year. There were also several opportunities to meet and collaborate with other UNESCO Chairholders from different corners of the world. These are important occasions as they pave the way for global collaborations in new areas.

This study aimed to provide an understanding of nursing students' self-reported eHealth literacy in Sweden and Poland. This cross-sectional multicentre study collected data via a questionnaire in three universities in Sweden and Poland. Descriptive statistics, the Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyse different data types. Age (in the Polish sample), semester, perceived computer or laptop skills, and frequency of health-related Internet searches were associated with eHealth literacy. No gender differences were evidenced in regard to the eHealth literacy. Regarding attitudes about eHealth, students generally agreed on the importance of eHealth and technical aspects of their education. The importance of integrating eHealth literacy skills in the curricula and the need to encourage the improvement of these skills for both students and personnel are highlighted, as is the importance of identifying students with lacking computer skills.

This protocol article describes the background, theoretical framework, and methods for two intervention studies using assistive technology to produce text. The participants will be 15 10–12-year-old students with dyslexia from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The first study aims to examine how an intervention focusing on using speech-to-text technology influences texts written by students with dyslexia, and the second study aims to investigate the writing process when students with dyslexia use speech-to-text technology. Study 1 uses a multiple baseline design, whereas Study 2 uses verbal protocols.

This research analyzes Finnish information and communication technology companies' sustainability principles with an emphasis on themes related to social sustainability. A broader focus is given to researching how class, education level, and low-income-related perspectives have been taken into account. The main theoretical framework adopted is resources and appropriation theory which examines societal categorical inequalities through the lens of the digital divide.The empirical material consists of eight corporate sustainability reports. Data is collected utilizing the document analysis method. The data analysis method chosen for this research is the thematic analysis method. Results are presented categorically with a focus on social sustainability.Low-income perspectives were clearly disregarded in the reports, raising a question regarding the authenticity of the underlying intention behind the implementation of these specified DEI measures.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the crime of animal cruelty is constructed and what lies behind these crimes where animals have been suffering.The study's data consisted of 76 animal cruelty judgements, the verdict pronounced between January 2017 and December 2018.

Animal cruelty occurred in all of Sweden's counties. Most of the crimes were committed by perpetrators in the age group 50-59 years and men committed more crimes than women. Most of the crimes (92%) also resulted in day fines, which were combined with a suspended sentence in 63% of the cases. In 90% of the cases the day fines were for an amount of SEK 200 or less, and 43% of the perpetrators were given a suspended sentence or day fines of a minimum amount (SEK 50).Neglect concerning the primary lack of care, was the most common crime category (77% of all cases). Dogs were the most frequently affected species within both cases of neglect (39%) as well as in cases of abuse (79%), which is in line with previous studies regarding animal cruelty crimes. Men accounted for 92% of the cases in the crime category of abuse and women accounted for 49% of the cases in the category of neglect.

In 40% of the judgments where cats were involved, the animal keeper also kept several other types of animals or had a larger total number of animals (68 animals at most), which may indicate animal hoarding. In almost half of the investigated cases, animals had either died or had to be euthanized because of the crime. It also turned out that some of the perpetrators violated an existing animal ban and nearly 15% of the crimes resulted in new animal bans.

Approximately 15% of the judgements indicate animal hoarding and the lack of cooperation between authorities. It also appears that animal bans are not always complied by those who are imposed with the ban and further measures are therefore required for the ban to be complied with. Animal cruelty needs to be studied further and whether the new law on grave animal cruelty turns out to have the intended effect in practice.

Studien undersöker hur stöttande strukturer kan möjliggöra deltagande i matematiska gruppsamtal för elever i SUM, särskilda utbildningsbehov i matematik, med begränsade ämneskunskaper. I kursplanerna för matematik ingår muntlig kommunikation som ett viktigt mål och medel trots detta sker utforskande samtal inte i tillräckligt hög grad på mellanstadiet. Få studier har gjorts på matematiska samtal och mer forskning på ämnet eftersöks av flera studier från senare år. Matematiska gruppsamtal med kooperativt lärande kan vara extra gynnsamt för elever i SUM. Matematiska gruppsamtal med intervention av stöttande strukturer genomfördes under deltagande observation. Strukturerna i vår studie bestod i en särskild samtalsgång med mall där alla antecknade. Elever från åk 7 och 8 observerades i heterogena grupper där elever i SUM ingick. Samtalen spelades in och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras kvantitativt, utifrån deltagarnas andel av talutrymmet och kvalitativt, utifrån en anpassad version av Björklund Boistrups ramverk för bedömningsdiskurser. Vår studie visade att deltagandet för eleverna i SUM ökade. Eleverna i SUM framhöll olika saker som viktiga för deltagandet, exempelvis tystnader för att för att hinna tänka färdigt och anteckningar för att kunna se de andras lösningar. Generellt tyckte eleverna att det var bra att alla kom till tals och att samtalsutrymmet blev mer jämnt fördelat. Trots att strukturerna verkar ha gett ett positivt resultat visar diskursanalysen att elever behöver mer undervisning för att utveckla samtal där de resonerar genom matematik.

Animation and live-action are two closely related media, which are foremost distinguished by the ideas and conventions surrounding them. The diverging discourses around animation and live action have tended to focus on animation as something constructed to represent characters and settings and on live action as something capturing actors and sets representing characters and settings. This difference between constructing and capturing, along with the perceived indexicality of the photo, is what seems to suggest live action as the preferred medium for documenting real events. Sound effects, in the form of recorded and edited sounds of objects, actions and environments, are of particular interest here, as they can be considered to balance somewhere between these poles of construction and capture, between the non-indexical and indexical, and ultimately between representation and reproduction. In this article, I will focus on aspects of ‘truth’ (understood as corresponding to some external reality) and ‘realism’ (understood as a representation of external reality) and how something comes to be perceived as truthful or realistic in animated documentaries in relation to the role played by sound effects. By discussing the Danish film Flugt [Flee], I will show how sound effects can aid in creating representations of truth.

Wetlands have been fundamental for survival of both animals and humans and are known to be beneficial för biodiversity. Furthermore, they are also very important as functional systems in nature. Wetlands can tribute to hold water in the ground and will dampen high water at floods. Because of ditching in favor of agriculture the last centuries, wetlands have become more and more rare, globally almost 50% has disappeared and in Sweden, up to around 90 % in some areas. Wetlands produce what we call ecosystem services (EST), which are services provided by nature that humans are in need of. An example of this can be production of food such as fish. This study explore what kind of EST two specific areas possibly can produce in both wetlands and non-wetlands scenarios. The purpose of this study, beside identifying EST, was to highlight and illustrate the investment benefits of building constructed wetland on earlier ditched land. An evaluation of EST was therefore the primary purpose of this study. Data concerning the two selected areas were collected, and with the help of Naturvårdsverket’s “Guidance of ecosystem services” (2017) an identification of several EST were made. Based on the data collected, solely qualitative evaluation was made. The result showed that constructed wetlands generate more EST than non-wetlands does and that wetlands is higher valued regarding EST related to biodiversity and cultural value. Furthermore, neither object wetland nor non-wetland, received a high score in the evaluation of greenhouse emission within a 100-year perspective. Additionally, it showed that to be able to evaluate investment benefits, more studies are needed.

The Art of Needle Exchange: The Significance of Needle Exchange Programs at the Intersection of Politics, Professional Practice, and People's Everyday Lives

This doctoral thesis discusses how social meanings are constructed in needle exchange programs. For nearly four decades, Sweden has implemented needle exchange programs to prevent the spread of bloodborne viral infections. However, a restrictive drug policy and resistance to harm reduction efforts have led to limitations in access to these programs, both in terms of geography and through an exclusionary regulatory framework. The effectiveness of needle exchange programs in reducing the risk of infection associated with injection-related behaviour is clearly positive. However, there are limited scientific studies on the more socially oriented meanings of needle exchange programs. 

With needle exchange programs as a physical and social place, the overarching aim of this thesis is to understand how the creation of social meanings of needle exchanges is achieved through time, space, and social interaction, primarily between the program's visitors and its staff. 

The empirical material primarily consists of 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observations and informal conversations at two needle exchange programs in southern Sweden, as well as in the everyday lives of individuals who visit these programs. Through extensive ethnographic narratives and analyses based on theories of everyday life, resistance, time, and gifts, the thesis demonstrates that needle exchange programs hold multiple meanings created through interactions between visitors and staff. 

Two concurrent and parallel tracks contribute to understanding what needle exchange programs mean to those who visit them. One track starts with a counterproductive regulatory framework where requirements and rules result in some visitors coming less often than they need to or not at all. The other track involves countless material and relational exchanges that foster positive experiences of the needle exchange program, turning it into a place of social hope and a changed future. 

One of the thesis's most significant findings concerns the social work that takes place at the needle exchange program in the interactions between visitors and staff. These interactions also occur at the intersection of the norms and hierarchies of the drug world and the Swedish dream of a drug- free society. In the waiting room of the needle exchange program, negotiations are constantly underway to maintain it as a place of hopeful encounters, as opposed to a destructive refuge.

This research endeavors to provide a comprehensive examination of the preferences exhibitedby the millennial demographic with regard to electric vehicles (EVs) within the context ofSweden. The study encompasses a thorough analysis of various dimensions, includingattitudes, innovation, technology, pricing, performance, and environmental considerations, allof which shape the decision-making process of millennials in adopting EVs. As electricvehicles emerge as a prominent solution for sustainable mobility, comprehending thepreferences of millennials becomes pivotal for steering the trajectory of the automotiveindustry. Employing qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews and meticulous analysis,this study delves into the intricate web of factors that influence millennial consumers in theirchoice to embrace EVs.The outcomes of this research divulge the intricate interplay between the attitudes ofconsumers and the evolving perception of electric vehicles. This exploration offers insightinto factors such as perceived convenience, technological assimilation, and conscientiousnesstowards societal impact. Furthermore, the study unravels the layers of pricing perceptions,elucidating the role of economic considerations and long-term cost-effectiveness in thediscernment of millennials' decision-making processes. Aligned with the environmentallycognizant ethos often attributed to millennials, this research undertakes a comprehensiveinvestigation into the salience of environmental considerations in shaping their preferencesfor EVs. This not only encompasses the reduction of carbon emissions but also extends toencompass the broader sustainability ramifications associated with the adoption of electricvehicles. The insights garnered from this study contribute to a nuanced and thoroughcomprehension of the pivotal role millennials play in steering the transition towards EVs.The findings of this research hold substantial implications for policymakers, manufacturers,and stakeholders in the automotive industry who are vested in aligning their offerings withthe preferences of millennials. Acknowledging the profound impact of consumer attitudes,pricing dynamics, and environmental conscientiousness, this research underscores theindispensable requirement for a comprehensive approach in fostering the adoption of electricvehicles within the millennial demographic in Sweden.

The Covid-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdowns that multiple countries put in place have forced companies to nearly instantly switch to an entirely remote work environment, irrelevant if they were prepared to or not. Such abrupt change in the work environment and the digital nature of modern work is bound to raise issues with employees, specifically in terms of security and compliance. Through the prism of Habit theory this thesis investigates exactly what the impact on employees has been and how in turn employee attitude has impacted company security compliance. Including multiple companies and countries allows to establish what have been the universal issues employees encountered. Limiting the scope to companies in the IT sector presumes the organizations covered by the research would have been more likely and prepared to move to remote work, although the results of the research indicate not all companies were ready for this. The unprecedented nature and abruptness of the lockdowns caused a mix of compliance issues for organizations, only some of which were addressed in the course of lockdown period and was mostly dependent on companies’ readiness to move to a remote-work model. Furthermore, the findings suggest that compliance is highly dependent on self-efficacy and the ways companies can address this is by targeting specific employee habits.

Digitalization is described as a significant solution to the challenges facing the Swedish healthcare system. Digitalization within healthcare holds substantial potential, and it has the ability to unlock significant value. Benefit realization is a method for organizing and managing in a way that ensures the potential benefits from digital solutions are actually realized. At the national level, coordination efforts have been underway for several years to ensure systematic work on benefit realization in the Swedish public sector. However, there is little indication that benefit realization as a method or capability is established in relation to the work on digitalization in the Swedish regional councils today. Research shows that many organizations identify benefits at the beginning of projects but that few work with benefit realization as a continuous process over time.

The study aims to describe how the regional council Region Skåne, responsible for the healthcare system in Scania County works with benefit realization of digitalization within healthcare.

To achieve the purpose, a qualitative study has been conducted in Region Skåne. Qualitative data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and analysis of documents and reports. The collected material has been analyzed and linked to the theoretical framework to answer the study's research question.

The results show that Region Skåne has initiated efforts to develop capabilities in benefit realization, but work remains for the organization to be considered fully developed in benefit realization capabilities. Some competencies and practices related to benefit realization exist in Region Skåne, and knowledge, competence, and experience are present among the employees. However, the study shows that these elements are not consolidated within the organization, leading to differences in implementation and hindering continuous learning within a broader organizational context.

The organization has taken initial steps by developing and trying out a generic model for benefit realization that can serve as a process for organizing benefit realization efforts and enabling the realization of benefits from digital solutions. Benefit realization should further be managed as an ongoing daily task, consistently and clearly present throughout the entire lifecycle of a digital solution. Then can the practical significance of benefit realization in various organizational contexts and cultures be illuminated. The study provides an increased understanding of how the work with benefit realization in relation to digitalization is carried out in healthcare. At the same time, the conditions for digitalization in Swedish healthcare are challenging, and benefit realization as a method and capability faces multiple challenges, as indicated by research. This picture is confirmed by the study.

Petrochemical-based phenol–formaldehyde (PF) adhesives are widely used in plywood production. To substitute phenol in the synthesis of PF adhesives, lignin can be added due to its structural similarity to phenol. Moreover, micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) can further enhance the bond performance, mechanical properties, and toughness of adhesive systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion performance of lignin–PF (LPF) adhesives reinforced with MFC. In LPF formulations, three levels of MFC (0, 15, and 30 wt% based on the total solid content of adhesives) were added to the homogenous adhesive mixture. Three-layer plywood panels from birch (Betula pendula Roth.) veneers were assembled after hot pressing at 130 °C under two pressing durations, e.g., 60 and 75 s/mm. Tensile shear strength was measured at dry (20 °C and 65% RH) and wet conditions (water soaked at room temperature for 24 h). The results indicated that the addition of lignin reduced the strength of LPF adhesives in both dry and wet conditions compared to the control PF adhesive. However, MFC reinforcement enhanced the shear strength properties of the plywood. Furthermore, a longer pressing time of 75 s/mm slightly increased the shear strength.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are among the most serious public health problems in the world. Today, about half of adult men, one third of adult women and one in five children are estimated to be overweight or obese. Being overweight is not considered as a disease, but it can lead to obesity, which puts the individual at high risk of suffering from several diseases such as diabetes type 2, high blood pressure. To define whether an individual is overweight, normal weight, obese or underweight, BMI value is used. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women in fertitlity age. The syndrome is associated with several of risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular problems, and infertility. Imbalances in the hormones produced by ovaries can be a cause of PCOS.Currently, there are three prescription drugs in Sweden to treat obesity such as liraglutide (Saxenda®), bupropion/naltrexone (Mysimba®) and orlistat (Xenical®).Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using liraglutide as monotherapy or in combination with metformin to treat women who were overweight or obese and affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome.Method: This study is based on four randomized controlled clinical trials studies, which are taken from the PubMed database. Using these keywords “liraglutide, obesity, weight loss, BMI, treatment, metformin, PCOS”.Results: The greatest weight loss was observed in study 4 in obese women with PCOS, whichwere treated with the combination of both liraglutide 1.2 mg/day and metformin 1000 BID/day. A weight reduction of -9.23 ±1.23 after 12 weeks of treatment was observed. While less weight loss of -3.0 ± 0.6 kg was observed in study two, where obese women with PCOS were treated with liraglutide 1.2 mg/day and metformin 1000 mg BID/day as a monotherapy. In study 1, obese women with PCOS treated with the combination of both liraglutide 1.2-± mg/day and metformin 1000 BID/day had a weight loss of -6.5 ± 2.8 kg. The obese women with PCOS in study 3 were treated with liraglutide 3 mg/day and had a weight loss of -6.3 ± 3.7 kg butexperienced more severe GI adverse events.Conclusion: The four studies showed that short-term treatment with liraglutide, which is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, 1.2 mg/day together with metformin 1000 mg BID/day as a combination therapy is associated with significantly greater weight loss, BMI changes and with changes in waist circumference compared to when treated with liraglutide or metformin as a monotherapy

Background: The construction industry is accident-prone. To motivate employees to work in risky work environments, companies use reward systems. The rewardsystem in turn shapes the social and organizational work environment. However, all employees are motivated by different rewards, which in turn characterizes the workplace and its working environment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how companies’ reward systems shape the organizational and social work environment within the construction industry. Furthermore, the aim is to find out how the organizational and social work environment in turn shapes the physical work environment.

Method: We have used two research designs; a cross-sectional study and multiple case studies that we have carried out at 5 different companies active in the construction industry. The empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 people from these companies. The study has an inductive research approach.

Conclusion: We concluded that the reward system is involved in shaping the organizational and social work environment because, among other things, rewards determine how motivated the workers are and how they are thus intrigued with each other. Social cohesiveness was also what we considered to be the closest connection to the physical work environment.

Over the last decades, formal schooling has changed towards an enhanced focus on theindividual pupil’s achievements. This comprises formative assessment such as visualizingpupils’ learning processes, as well as summative assessment in terms of increased numberand importance of National tests. However, little is known, from a pupils’ perspective,about how pupils together with classmates relate to the extensive focus on assessment ofthe individual’s achievements in formal education; what do today’s pupils, who havegrown up with digital technology and social media, say and do out of the teachers’supervision when dealing with individual assignments? In line with ethnographiceducational research, this thesis explores and analyses how educational structures areimposed upon subordinate groups. This thesis gives an account of, from a pupils’perspective, the pupils’ backstage pedagogy regarding formal schoolwork inside andoutside school.The applied analytical tool is Goffman’s (1990) theater metaphor of social life; in thisstudy, pupils’ interactions with peers out of the teachers’ supervision when doingschoolwork are regarded as carried out backstage, preparing an intended impression oftheir abilities and know-how to present to the assessing teacher. Based on observations, aninnovative and discreet staging of audio-visual recordings, and semi-structured interviewswith the pupils in one class at a Swedish municipal lower secondary school whereapproximately 50 % of the pupils had a foreign background, the results show that pupilsapplied a backstage pedagogy. Outside the teachers’ supervision and awareness, theyinformally interacted with classmates and used social strategies when dealing with formalindividual assignments. The pupils’ regard for grades was the linchpin of their activities;some pupils a) swapped computers with peers and wrote original texts for classmates, b)copied peers’ assignments, c) logged into classmates’ Google classroom accounts andwrote original texts for peers, and d) shared leaked National tests on the class’s Snapchatgroup. These actions led to dilemmas in the teachers’ assessing and grading of individualpupils as well as in implementing fair, impartial grading. In looking forward, the thesisdiscusses the phenomenon and impact of backstage spaces comprising parents, siblings,Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT to improve grades. 

The pharmacist’s mission at pharmaceutical dispensing includes to verify that the prescription is prescribed in the right way. The pharmacist needs to decide if contact with the prescriber is needed for clarification and actions if a problem occurs. Prescribers don´t have access to the patients complete medical records which can increase the risk of fault at drug prescribing. Since the monopoly was abolished the number of pharmacies has increased while the number of pharmacists has decreased. 

Understaffing and stress will affect the pharmacist which can lead to a higher risk of fault at pharmaceutical dispensing. The pharmacist’s possibility to contact the prescriber is needed to ensure a safe drug usage and increased patient safety.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the problems that leads to contact with the prescriber at pharmaceutical dispensing and also to assess the problems that appears when to contact the prescriber.

Method: All pharmacists (1352), that were employed at a pharmacy owned by Apoteket AB, had the opportunity to complete an online survey. A link was provided to all pharmacies in Sweden together with a message containing information about the study. The pharmacists had the opportunity to answer the survey between 14-29 September 2023.

The results showed that 200 pharmacists participated in the survey. In this study, 38,5 % considered that faulty prescribed drugs led to contact with the prescriber every time it occurred followed by wrong or unclear dosage (25 %) and drugs that generate a D interaction (24,5 %). The respondents experienced that the backorder drugs occurred daily (77,5 %) then drugs that indicated a C interaction (61,5 %) and missed prescriptions (41,5 %). Non licensed drugs (13,5 %), drugs that give a D interaction (13 %) and backorder drugs (12,5 %) were problems that most pharmacists considered took more than 30 minutes with the prescriber to resolve the problems. The prescriber was not even reachable in about 50 % of the cases which was answered by 97 % of the respondents. The respondents chosed, in 58,5 % of the cases, to reach out to the patient when the problem was resolved with the prescriber. 74 % of the respondents though that lack of time constituted an obstacle prohibiting contact with the prescriber, 16 % thought that this occurred daily. The cause of the lack of time was understaffing and increased number of customers, according to 55 % av the respondents.

Conclusion: Prescribing wrong drugs, wrong or unclear dosage and drugs that generate a D interaction were the three most common problems that leads to contact with the prescriber. Lack of time and difficulties to get in contact with the prescriber are problems that appears in connection with the prescriber and was affected by understaffing and increased number of customers.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur elevers läsförståelse påverkas och eventuellt utvecklas genom individuell läsning av en serie lärobokstexter med stöd av modifierade texter. Fem elever på Introduktionsprogrammet Yrkesintroduktion (IMY) med inriktning Hotell och turism läste individuellt sju olika lärobokstexter. Den första texten lästes endast i original medan de fem övriga lästes med stöd av texter som modifierats med avseende på ordval, syntax och ”röst”. Slutligen fick eleverna läsa ytterligare en originaltext utan stöd. Efter läsning av respektive text gjordes semistrukturerade intervjuer med varje elev, som fokuserade dels på elevernas förståelse av innehållet, dels på deras upplevelse av läsningen. Resultatet visar att eleverna hade god hjälp av de modifierade texterna när det gällde förståelsen och i de flesta i högre grad kunde återberätta innehållet även i den avslutande originaltexten efter läsning av fem texter med stöd av modifierade texter. Det innebär att modifierade texter är en framkomlig väg för att öka elevers förståelse av lärobokstexter och ett alternativ till translanguaging. Eleverna hade emellertid svårt att se eller uttrycka sig kring sin egen eventuella läsutveckling.

Firms in the past have based their marketing and promotion strategies on the assumption of infinite resources and zero environmental impact. With the growing importance of environmental costs associated with finite resources, firms need to revisit their marketing and promotion strategies. This study defines and conceptualizes horizontal/vertical individualism–collectivism (H/V I-C) cultural value orientations as antecedents of sustainable consumption. Drawing on H/V I-C value orientations, this study attempts to build a sustainable consumption model to better understand how horizontal/vertical individualism–collectivism cultural values are reflected in consumers’ sustainable consumption motives and how they can be translated into persuasive advertising appeals tailored to specific cultural segments. This study contributes to provide new theoretical and managerial insights into understanding culturally relevant sustainable consumption motives and to establish appropriate strategies of sustainable consumption promotion in cross-cultural contexts. Most importantly, this study provides implications to companies for balancing more carefully their growth goals with the need to pursue sustainability across different cultures.

Educators, marketers, and policymakers need to understand what factors influence the consumers' purchase of green products to encourage green product buying. Thus, this study examines the antecedents to green purchases. An online survey provides quantitative input for a SmartPLS analysis. The study draws on the theory of consumption values to investigate how emotional and social values affect green purchasing decisions. The role of knowledge-seeking in developing these values is investigated and found to be significantly positive. The relationships between emotional value, social value, and green purchase behavior are found to be mediated by environmental concerns. This study contributes to the discussion around consumption values by showing that environmental concern has a stronger relationship with green purchases than emotional and social value. It is through the environmental concern that emotional and social values influence green purchases. Our findings suggest that marketers should leverage the consumers' knowledge-seeking and environmental concern in their advertising campaigns by emphasizing a specific green product novelty and highlighting the casual connection between green buying and their effect on the environment. 

In light of an ongoing climate change and an increasing fragility of fossil energy supply due to global political tensions, the adoption of renewable energy sources is of utmost importance for economic and social prosperity. This study targets to endeavor major value chain configurations within the global wind power industry network based on a data set of 326 relationships established by the 10 globally leading wind turbine firms covering a time span of 15 years. We discuss the demand side and provide an overview of the main wind power investment target countries and compare the importance of different regions. On the supply side, we analyze and identify eight important firm clusters within the global wind power business network. Concerning our sample, we elaborate horizontal and vertical relationship links, their collaboration patterns, regional partner preferences, and their value chain competences, thus providing valuable insights into the competitive structures of the wind power industry. By doing so, we open the debate on appropriate and efficient firm strategies within renewable industries. As consequence, we provide robust empirical evidence on global wind power industry architectures and corresponding competitive firm forces for the future. As we found that the industry is currently divided into eight main global industry clusters, our study delivers valuable industry network insights addressing managerial, political, and socioeconomic decision makers in order to secure future ecological and economic prosperity in a challenging world.

Det problem studien utgick från var hur de differentierade uppfattningarna om den specialpedagogiska yrkesrollen kan förstås utifrån olika pedagogiska verksamheter, chefer och uppdrag. Syftet var att bidra med kunskap om hur den specialpedagogiska yrkesrollen formas i praktiken och vad det här kan få för konsekvenser för professionen. Problemet har utretts genom en kvalitativ forskningsansats där chefer har intervjuats med semistrukturerade frågor. Analysen skedde utifrån ett analysverktyg som inspirerats av Dahllöf (1999), Imsen (1999) och Brante (2009). Vid analys framkom hur faktorerna påverkade yrkesrollen och uppdraget, vilket gav implikationer för professionen. De implikationer som skapades för professionen påverkade i sin tur även faktorerna. Vilket visade hur yrkesrollen formades i och av en cirkulär process där faktorer var en del. Härav framkom vikten av att förstå professionen i sitt samhälleliga sammanhang (Brante, a.a.). Genom analys och diskussion framkom hur implikationer för professionen i sig även gav specialpedagogiska implikationer för specialpedagogens målgrupp, barn och elever i behov av särskilt stöd.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det genom en intervention med Bravkod gick att påverka avkodningsförmågan hos elever med avkodningssvårigheter. Syftet var vidare att undersöka om en förbättrad avkodningsförmåga kunde leda till en förbättrad self-efficacy kopplad till läsförmåga. Studien av avkodning genomfördes i form av en single-case study och studien av self-efficacy hade en före och efter-design. Deltagarna i studien var tre elever i årskurs 8 vilka var placerade i särskild undervisningsgrupp. Under sju veckor fick de 20 träningspass med avkodningsmaterialet Bravkod. Före, under och efter interventionen mättes deras avkodning med hjälp av avkodningstest. Deras self-efficacy mättes med hjälp av en self-efficacy scale före och efter interventionen. Studien visade att det gick att påverka avkodningen positivt för två av tre elever och att den förbättrade avkodningsförmågan verkade ha samband med ökad self-efficacy kopplad till läsförmåga för dessa två elever. För en elev skedde ingen utveckling av vare sig avkodningsförmåga eller self-efficacy.

Background: The world’s population is growing and getting older. At the same time, the number of healthcare workers is expected to decrease. To solve the healthcare challenge of taking care of a growing and aging population with diminishing resources, patients’ self-care is suggested to take a bigger place. Positive effects of self-care have been shown in several long-term medical conditions. However, self-care of wounds is a relatively unexplored topic, and little is known about how patients perceive the phenomenon. Patients’ perceptions are interesting to investigate because they can serve as a guide in future planning of self-care of wounds.

Aim: The aim was to describe patients’ perceptions of self-care of wounds.

Method: A literature review that analyzed articles using thematic synthesis according to Thomas and Harden (2008).

Result: The study’s results were based on twelve articles with qualitative design. Patients saw self-care as a positive opportunity that enabled them to live a more independent life. The support of relatives was highlighted as important for self-care to be possible. The healthcare staff's competence was perceived as flawed, which was considered to make it difficult to perform self-care. Patients requested better information and wound care education.

Conclusion: The patients saw self-care of wounds as a positive opportunity that can be realized through support from relatives, better information and education, good competence of the healthcare staff, and through a trusting relationship between patients and healthcare staff.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that leads to high blood sugar levels due to reduced insulin sensitivity in the body. Lifestyle factors such as diet, lack of physical activity and obesity are strongly linked to this condition. Effective lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise are crucial for managing diabetes. Research has shown that patients ́experiences and challenges with these changes influence disease management and treatment outcomes.

Aim: The aim is to investigate the patients ´experience of lifestyle changes in Type 2 Diabetes.

Method: A systematic literature review was conducted where qualitative articles were analyzed using thematic synthesis according to Thomas and Harden.

Result: The study's results are based on 13 qualitative articles. The data analysis resulted in three analytical themes that include several descriptive themes. The first analytical theme is: It's a gradual process for diet and exercise, with descriptive themes: Challenging to change old habits and Insight and acceptance create favorable conditions for change. The next analytical theme is the Self-awareness, physical activity, and a balanced diet yield positive results, with descriptive themes: Self-awareness and motivation, Physical activity promotes well-being, and The importance of a balanced diet. The final analytical theme is Interaction, encouragement, and knowledge with descriptive themes: Social Support and Community, The fundamental role of knowledge, and The importance of the caregiver-patient relationship.

Conclusion: Through education, good communication and a person-centered approach from the district nurse, the chances of lasting lifestyle changes in people with type 2 diabetes increase.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka specialpedagogers och rektorers uppfattningar om handledningsuppdraget och undersöka eventuella överenstämmelser mellan uppfattningar om uppdraget och upplevelser av uppdragets genomförande i praktiken, i verksamheterna förskola och skola. Kopplingar gjordes till systemteorin. Deltagare bestod av totalt sex personer och utgjordes av två rektorer verksamma inom förskola och skola och fyra specialpedagoger verksamma inom förskola och skola. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som metod. Resultaten visar att specialpedagoger uppfattar handledning till andra pedagoger, handledning som en del av kollegialt lärande och handledning som fyller ett syfte/intresse som centrala delar i teori. I praktiken upplever specialpedagoger handledning på uppdrag av rektor och handledning kring utmanande barn/grupper som centrala delar. Rektorer uppfattar handledningsuppdraget som handledning till enskilda pedagoger/arbetslag, att bidra med specialpedagogisk kompetens och som ett främjande och förebyggande arbete. I praktiken upplever rektorer handledningsuppdraget som handledning av personal utifrån enskilt barn/grupp och samverkan med myndigheter och vårdnadshavare. Skillnader mellan verksamheterna förskola och skola i teori berör områden som särskilda undervisningsgrupper och specialpedagogens fördjupning. I praktiken framträder skillnader i områden som berör undervisning. Slutsatsen är att samsyn, relationer och ett främjande och förebyggande arbete är kritiska aspekter för specialpedagogens handledningsuppdrag i båda verksamheterna. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till tidigare forskning och teori. Förslag på implikationer och framtida forskning ges.

I artikeln fördjupas kunskapen om den privata konsultens väg in i arbetet som konsult, tiden som konsult och väg ut mot andra uppdrag. Resultatet visar att vägen in och vägen ut, utifrån ett tidsgeografiskt perspektiv, vilar på samma restriktioner, det vill säga brist på makt och inflytande och krav på samordning. Tilläggas kan en önskan om frihet som sedan övergår till en längtan efter trygga anställningsvillkor. För studiens respondenter blev tiden som konsult ett tillfälligt mellanrum och det är viktigt att det blir så även för socialförvaltningar. Risken finns dock att det blir en mer permanent lösning på svåra situationer.

Background: Urinary incontinence is a common issue among women worldwide. Older women are most commonly affected, and the causes are varied. Previous research shows that living with urinary incontinence has a negative impact on quality of life as well as being associated with feelings of shame. District nurses working in primary health care are tasked with providing care to older women with urinary incontinence. 

Aim: The aim of the study was to shed light upon the experiences of district nurses when encountering older women with urinary incontinence within primary health care.

Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted, with eight district nurses serving as informants. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis following the method of Graneheim and Lundman. 

Results: Three main themes were identified: The encounter with the older woman, the district nurse's challenges during the encounter and the structure of the organization. In the encounter with the older woman, the subcategories feeling adequate and being able to provide support are described. In the district nurse's challenges during the encounter, the perception of urinary incontinence, the difficulty of approaching the subject as well as a feeling of inadequacy are described. The structure of the organization adress the lack of access to continence nurses, urinary incontinence not being prioritized as an issue within primary health care and a desire to gain more knowledge in the field.

Conclusion: District nurses feel that providing support to older women with urinary incontinence is essential. According to the district nurses, they lack knowledge on the subject. Working with urinary incontinence can be challenging, but also provides opportunities to assist and provide support to the women affected by it.

There is a growing interest in timber buildings in Sweden and increased availability of Glulam (GLT) andparticularly Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) products. Timber buildings, though, often have difficulties in fulfilling theperformance requirements of a building project. The use of concrete elements in addition to timber elements in the load-bearing structure is a widespread solution, introducing timber-concrete hybrid buildings. The study presents responsesfrom interviews regarding ten different timber-concrete hybrid building projects in Sweden with a load-bearing structureabove the foundation level in both timber and concrete. Four main types of timber-concrete hybrids were found: a CLTstructure on top of a concrete structure, a post-beam system in GLT with CLT slabs and concrete walls, a post-beamsystem in GLT with concrete hollow core slabs, and a timber structure with some slabs in concrete. The results show thattimber-concrete hybrid buildings are flexible and suitable for various construction types. The reasons for using concretein timber construction were primarily to increase self-weight, obtain longer span lengths, and overcome shear wallcapacity issues. There is still a lack of competence in the design of structural timber projects, and at most, five differentstructural designers were involved in the load-bearing design of a single building. This highlights issues regarding projectmanagement of the design process within timber-concrete hybrid buildings