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Legrand, Catherine, ProfessorORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-7155-3604
Publications (10 of 129) Show all publications
Aguilera, A., Alegria Zufia, J., Bas Conn, L., Gurlit, L., Śliwińska‐Wilczewska, S., Budzałek, G., . . . Farnelid, H. (2023). Ecophysiological analysis reveals distinct environmental preferences in closely related Baltic Sea picocyanobacteria. Environmental Microbiology, 25(9), 1674-1695
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ecophysiological analysis reveals distinct environmental preferences in closely related Baltic Sea picocyanobacteria
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2023 (English)In: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 25, no 9, p. 1674-1695Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cluster 5 picocyanobacteria significantly contribute to primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. Estuarine populations are highly diverse and consist of many co-occurring strains, but their physiology remains largely understudied. In this study, we characterized 17 novel estuarine picocyanobacterial strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and pigment genes (cpcBandcpeBA) uncovered multiple estuarine and freshwater-related clusters and pigment types. Assays with five representative strains (three phycocyanin rich and two phycoerythrin rich) under temperature (10–30°C), light(10–190 μmol  photons  m-2s-1), and salinity (2–14  PSU) gradients revealed distinct growth optima and tolerance, indicating that genetic variability was accompanied by physiological diversity. Adaptability to environmental conditions was associated with differential pigment content and photosynthetic performance. Amplicon sequence variants at a coastal and an offshore station linked population dynamics with phylogenetic clusters, supporting that strains isolated in this study represent key ecotypes within the Baltic Sea picocyanobacterial community. The functional diversity found within strains with the same pigment type suggests that understanding estuarine picocyanobacterial ecology requires analysis beyond the phycocyanin and phycoerythrin divide. This new knowledge of the environmental preferences in estuarine picocyanobacteria is important for understanding and evaluating productivity in current and future ecosystems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2023
National Category
Environmental Sciences Ecology Microbiology
Research subject
Natural Science, Environmental Science; Ecology, Aquatic Ecology; Ecology, Microbiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-120317 (URN)10.1111/1462-2920.16384 (DOI)000973717000001 ()2-s2.0-85153326236 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 570630‐3095
Available from: 2023-04-19 Created: 2023-04-19 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved
Fridolfsson, E., Bunse, C., Lindehoff, E., Farnelid, H., Pontiller, B., Bergström, K., . . . Hylander, S. (2023). Multiyear analysis uncovers coordinated seasonality in stocks and composition of the planktonic food web in the Baltic Sea proper. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article ID 11865.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multiyear analysis uncovers coordinated seasonality in stocks and composition of the planktonic food web in the Baltic Sea proper
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2023 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 11865Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The planktonic realm from bacteria to zooplankton provides the baseline for pelagic aquatic food webs. However, multiple trophic levels are seldomly included in time series studies, hampering a holistic understanding of the influence of seasonal dynamics and species interactions on food web structure and biogeochemical cycles. Here, we investigated plankton community composition, focusing on bacterio-, phyto- and large mesozooplankton, and how biotic and abiotic factors correlate at the Linnaeus Microbial Observatory (LMO) station in the Baltic Sea from 2011 to 2018. Plankton communities structures showed pronounced dynamic shifts with recurring patterns. Summarizing the parts of the planktonic microbial food web studied here to total carbon, a picture emerges with phytoplankton consistently contributing > 39% while bacterio- and large mesozooplankton contributed ~ 30% and ~ 7%, respectively, during summer. Cyanophyceae, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were important groups among the prokaryotes. Importantly, Dinophyceae, and not Bacillariophyceae, dominated the autotrophic spring bloom whereas Litostomatea (ciliates) and Appendicularia contributed significantly to the consumer entities together with the more traditionally observed mesozooplankton, Copepoda and Cladocera. Our findings of seasonality in both plankton composition and carbon stocks emphasize the importance of time series analyses of food web structure for characterizing the regulation of biogeochemical cycles and appropriately constraining ecosystem models. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
National Category
Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources Ecology
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-123829 (URN)10.1038/s41598-023-38816-0 (DOI)001124173100020 ()2-s2.0-85165356529 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-08-21 Created: 2023-08-21 Last updated: 2024-02-06Bibliographically approved
Nham, T. Q., Mattsson, L., Legrand, C. & Lindehoff, E. (2023). Whey permeate as a phosphorus source for algal cultivation. Water environment research, 95(4), Article ID e10865.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Whey permeate as a phosphorus source for algal cultivation
2023 (English)In: Water environment research, ISSN 1061-4303, E-ISSN 1554-7531, Vol. 95, no 4, article id e10865Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Microalgal cultivation for biodiesel and feed requires recycled nutrient resources for a sustainable long-term operation. Whey permeate (WP) from dairy processing contains high organic load (lactose, oils, and proteins) and nitrogen (resources tested for microalgal cultivation) and organic phosphorus (P) that has not yet been tested as a P source for microalgal cultivation. We explored the potential of green algae strains (brackish) and polyculture (freshwater) in exploiting P from WP added to a medium based on either seawater (7 psu) or landfill leachate. Both strains showed a capacity of using organic P in WP with equal growth rates (0.94-1.12 d(-1)) compared with chemical phosphate treatments (0.88-1.07 d(-1)). The polyculture had comparable growth rate (0.25-0.57 d(-1)) and biomass yield (152.1-357.5 mg L-1) and similar or higher nutrient removal rate in the leachate-WP medium (1.3-6.4 mg L-1 day(-1) nitrogen, 0.2-1.1 mg L-1 day(-1) P) compared with the leachate-chemical phosphate medium (1.2-4.7 mg L-1 day(-1) nitrogen, 0.3-1.4 mg L-1 day(-1) P). This study showed that WP is a suitable P source for microalgal cultivation over a range of salinities. To date, this is the first study demonstrating that raw WP can replace mineral P fertilizer for algal cultivation. Practitioners PointsWhey permeate is a comparable phosphorus source to standard fertilizers used in algal cultivation.Green algae removed phosphorus effectively from whey permeate.Microalgal cultivation is a good approach for treatment of whey permeate in combination with a nitrogen-rich wastewater.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2023
Keywords
landfill leachate, microalgal cultivation, nutrient recovery, phosphorus, whey permeate
National Category
Ecology Fish and Aquacultural Science
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-120950 (URN)10.1002/wer.10865 (DOI)000971488300001 ()37032530 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85153750803 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-05-26 Created: 2023-05-26 Last updated: 2023-06-15Bibliographically approved
Laber, C. P., Pontiller, B., Bunse, C., Osbeck, C. M. G., Pérez Martínez, C., Di Leo, D., . . . Farnelid, H. (2022). Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Synechococcus Abundance and Diversity Throughout the Gullmar Fjord, Swedish Skagerrak. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, Article ID 828459.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Synechococcus Abundance and Diversity Throughout the Gullmar Fjord, Swedish Skagerrak
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2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 13, article id 828459Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The picophytoplankton Synechococcus is a globally abundant autotroph that contributes significantly to primary production in the oceans and coastal areas. These cyanobacteria constitute a diverse genus of organisms that have developed independent niche spaces throughout aquatic environments. Here, we use the 16S V3-V4 rRNA gene region and flow cytometry to explore the diversity of Synechococcus within the picophytoplankton community in the Gullmar Fjord, on the west coast of Sweden. We conducted a station-based 1-year time series and two transect studies of the fjord. Our analysis revealed that within the large number of Synechococcus amplicon sequence variants (ASVs; 239 in total), prevalent ASVs phylogenetically clustered with clade representatives in both marine subcluster 5.1 and 5.2. The near-surface composition of ASVs shifted from spring to summer, when a 5.1 subcluster dominated community developed along with elevated Synechococcus abundances up to 9.3 x 10(4) cells ml(-1). This seasonal dominance by subcluster 5.1 was observed over the length of the fjord (25 km), where shifts in community composition were associated with increasing depth. Unexpectedly, the community shift was not associated with changes in salinity. Synechococcus abundance dynamics also differed from that of the photosynthetic picoeukaryote community. These results highlight how seasonal variations in environmental conditions influence the dynamics of Synechococcus clades in a high latitude threshold fjord.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
Keywords
Synechococcus, Gullmar Fjord, microbial ecology, seasonal succession, picophytoplankton, ecotype
National Category
Microbiology Ecology
Research subject
Ecology, Microbiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-114216 (URN)10.3389/fmicb.2022.828459 (DOI)000799356200001 ()35615500 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85130734598 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-06-16 Created: 2022-06-16 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
Martínez-García, S., Bunse, C., Pontiller, B., Baltar, F., Israelsson, S., Fridolfsson, E., . . . Pinhassi, J. (2022). Seasonal Dynamics in Carbon Cycling of Marine Bacterioplankton Are Lifestyle Dependent. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, Article ID 834675.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Seasonal Dynamics in Carbon Cycling of Marine Bacterioplankton Are Lifestyle Dependent
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2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 13, article id 834675Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Although free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria are recognized as ecologically distinct compartments of marine microbial food-webs, few, if any, studies have determined their dynamics in abundance, function (production, respiration and substrate utilization) and taxonomy over a yearly cycle. In the Baltic Sea, abundance and production of PA bacteria (defined as the size-fraction >3.0 mu m) peaked over 3 months in summer (6 months for FL bacteria), largely coinciding with blooms of Chitinophagales (Bacteroidetes). Pronounced changes in the growth efficiency (range 0.05-0.27) of FL bacteria (defined as the size-fraction <3.0 mu m) indicated the magnitude of seasonal variability of ecological settings bacteria experience. Accordingly, 16S rRNA gene analyses of bacterial community composition uncovered distinct correlations between taxa, environmental variables and metabolisms, including Firmicutes associated with elevated hydrolytic enzyme activity in winter and Verrucomicrobia with utilization of algal-derived substrates during summer. Further, our results suggested a substrate-controlled succession in the PA fraction, from Bacteroidetes using polymers to Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria using monomers across the spring to autumn phytoplankton bloom transition. Collectively, our findings emphasize pronounced seasonal changes in both the composition of the bacterial community in the PA and FL size-fractions and their contribution to organic matter utilization and carbon cycling. This is important for interpreting microbial ecosystem function-responses to natural and human-induced environmental changes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
Keywords
marine bacterioplankton, lifestyle, temporal dynamics, function, Baltic Sea
National Category
Ecology Microbiology
Research subject
Ecology, Microbiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-115674 (URN)10.3389/fmicb.2022.834675 (DOI)000829303600001 ()2-s2.0-85134257389 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-08-05 Created: 2022-08-05 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
Alegria Zufia, J., Legrand, C. & Farnelid, H. (2022). Seasonal dynamics in picocyanobacterial abundance and clade composition at coastal and offshore stations in the Baltic Sea. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article ID 14330.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Seasonal dynamics in picocyanobacterial abundance and clade composition at coastal and offshore stations in the Baltic Sea
2022 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 14330Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Picocyanobacteria (< 2 mu m in diameter) are significant contributors to total phytoplankton biomass. Due to the high diversity within this group, their seasonal dynamics and relationship with environmental parameters, especially in brackish waters, are largely unknown. In this study, the abundance and community composition of phycoerythrin rich picocyanobacteria (PE-SYN) and phycocyanin rich picocyanobacteria (PC-SYN) were monitored at a coastal (K-station) and at an offshore station (LMO; similar to 10 km from land) in the Baltic Sea over three years (2018-2020). Cell abundances of picocyanobacteria correlated positively to temperature and negatively to nitrate (NO3) concentration. While PE-SYN abundance correlated to the presence of nitrogen fixers, PC-SYN abundance was linked to stratification/shallow waters. The picocyanobacterial targeted amplicon sequencing revealed an unprecedented diversity of 2169 picocyanobacterial amplicons sequence variants (ASVs). A unique assemblage of distinct picocyanobacterial clades across seasons was identified. Clade A/B dominated the picocyanobacterial community, except during summer when low NO3, high phosphate (PO4) concentrations and warm temperatures promoted S5.2 dominance. This study, providing multiyear data, links picocyanobacterial populations to environmental parameters. The difference in the response of the two functional groups and clades underscore the need for further high-resolution studies to understand their role in the ecosystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2022
National Category
Ecology Microbiology
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology; Ecology, Microbiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-116443 (URN)10.1038/s41598-022-18454-8 (DOI)000844144900086 ()35995823 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85136194158 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-20 Last updated: 2023-02-21Bibliographically approved
Rosenlund, J. & Legrand, C. (2021). Algaepreneurship as academic engagement: being entrepreneurial in a lab coat. Industry & higher education, 35(1), 28-37, Article ID 0950422220929279.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Algaepreneurship as academic engagement: being entrepreneurial in a lab coat
2021 (English)In: Industry & higher education, ISSN 0950-4222, E-ISSN 2043-6858, Vol. 35, no 1, p. 28-37, article id 0950422220929279Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

There are many ways in which scientists can engage in entrepreneurial activities. The context of this paper is a Swedish research group in marine ecology which became increasingly involved in entrepreneurial activities. The paper focus on the what, why and how of entrepreneurship as part of an academic role. The study was conducted as an interactive research process, involving activities as well as interviewing participants in the project. Theories of identity work, role identity and passion were used to analyse this context. Two distinct but simultaneous processes were identified: first, when scientists engage in commercial entrepreneurial activities and react by reaffirming their roles as academics and, second, when scientists engage in entrepreneurial activities in a broad sense, fulfilling environmental and social goals (this is compatible with their scientific passion connected to their academic role identity). The paper shows that scientists can be entrepreneurial while working with social and environmental responsibility with no conflict between their entrepreneurial activity and their role as an academic.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2021
Keywords
Academic entrepreneurship, role identity, academic engagement, university–industry collaboration, bioeconomy
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Economy, Business administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-94228 (URN)10.1177/0950422220929279 (DOI)000536655500001 ()2-s2.0-85085595053 (Scopus ID)2020 (Local ID)2020 (Archive number)2020 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-05-08 Created: 2020-05-08 Last updated: 2023-02-06Bibliographically approved
Mattsson, L., Sörenson, E., Capo, E., Farnelid, H., Hirwa, M., Olofsson, M., . . . Legrand, C. (2021). Functional Diversity Facilitates Stability Under Environmental Changes in an Outdoor Microalgal Cultivation System. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, Article ID 651895.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Functional Diversity Facilitates Stability Under Environmental Changes in an Outdoor Microalgal Cultivation System
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2021 (English)In: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, E-ISSN 2296-4185, Vol. 9, article id 651895Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Functionally uniform monocultures have remained the paradigm in microalgal cultivation despite the apparent challenges to avoid invasions by other microorganisms. A mixed microbial consortium approach has the potential to optimize and maintain biomass production despite of seasonal changes and to be more resilient toward contaminations. Here we present a 3-year outdoor production of mixed consortia of locally adapted microalgae and bacteria in cold temperate latitude. Microalgal consortia were cultivated in flat panel photobioreactors using brackish Baltic Sea water and CO2 from a cement factory (Degerhamn, Cementa AB, Heidelberg Cement Group) as a sustainable CO2 source. To evaluate the ability of the microbial consortia to maintain stable biomass production while exposed to seasonal changes in both light and temperature, we tracked changes in the microbial community using molecular methods (16S and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing) and monitored the biomass production and quality (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content) over 3 years. Despite changes in environmental conditions, the mixed consortia maintained stable biomass production by alternating between two different predominant green microalgae (Monoraphidium and Mychonastes) with complementary tolerance to temperature. The bacterial population was few taxa co-occured over time and the composition did not have any connection to the shifts in microalgal taxa. We propose that a locally adapted and mixed microalgal consortia, with complementary traits, can be useful for optimizing yield of commercial scale microalgal cultivation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021
Keywords
microalgal cultivation, functional diversity, microbial consortium, sustainability, environmental changes, algal productivity, thermal regime, polyculture
National Category
Fish and Aquacultural Science Ecology
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103703 (URN)10.3389/fbioe.2021.651895 (DOI)000647453400001 ()33968914 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85105387394 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-06-02 Created: 2021-06-02 Last updated: 2023-02-06Bibliographically approved
Alegria Zufia, J., Farnelid, H. & Legrand, C. (2021). Seasonality of Coastal Picophytoplankton Growth, Nutrient Limitation, and Biomass Contribution. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, Article ID 786590.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Seasonality of Coastal Picophytoplankton Growth, Nutrient Limitation, and Biomass Contribution
2021 (English)In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 12, article id 786590Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Picophytoplankton in the Baltic Sea includes the simplest unicellular cyanoprokaryotes (Synechococcus/Cyanobium) and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE). Picophytoplankton are thought to be a key component of the phytoplankton community, but their seasonal dynamics and relationships with nutrients and temperature are largely unknown. We monitored pico- and larger phytoplankton at a coastal site in Kalmar Sound (K-Station) weekly during 2018. Among the cyanoprokaryotes, phycoerythrin-rich picocyanobacteria (PE-rich) dominated in spring and summer while phycocyanin-rich picocyanobacteria (PC-rich) dominated during autumn. PE-rich and PC-rich abundances peaked during summer (1.1 x 10(5) and 2.0 x 10(5) cells mL(-1)) while PPE reached highest abundances in spring (1.1 x 10(5) cells mL(-1)). PPE was the main contributor to the total phytoplankton biomass (up to 73%). To assess nutrient limitation, bioassays with combinations of nitrogen (NO3 or NH4) and phosphorus additions were performed. PE-rich and PC-rich growth was mainly limited by nitrogen, with a preference for NH4 at >15 degrees C. The three groups had distinct seasonal dynamics and different temperature ranges: 10 degrees C and 17-19 degrees C for PE-rich, 13-16 degrees C for PC-rich and 11-15 degrees C for PPE. We conclude that picophytoplankton contribute significantly to the carbon cycle in the coastal Baltic Sea and underscore the importance of investigating populations to assess the consequences of the combination of high temperature and NH4 in a future climate.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021
Keywords
Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, Baltic Sea, nitrate, ammonium, temperature
National Category
Ecology
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-109655 (URN)10.3389/fmicb.2021.786590 (DOI)000732000200001 ()34938282 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85121972317 (Scopus ID)2021 (Local ID)2021 (Archive number)2021 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-01-20 Created: 2022-01-20 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
Sörenson, E., Capo, E., Farnelid, H., Lindehoff, E. & Legrand, C. (2021). Temperature Stress Induces Shift From Co-Existence to Competition for Organic Carbon in Microalgae-Bacterial Photobioreactor Community – Enabling Continuous Production of Microalgal Biomass. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12(11 February), 1-17, Article ID 607601.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Temperature Stress Induces Shift From Co-Existence to Competition for Organic Carbon in Microalgae-Bacterial Photobioreactor Community – Enabling Continuous Production of Microalgal Biomass
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2021 (English)In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 12, no 11 February, p. 1-17, article id 607601Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To better predict the consequences of environmental change on aquatic microbial ecosystems it is important to understand what enables community resilience. The mechanisms by which a microbial community maintain its overall function, for example, the cycling of carbon, when exposed to a stressor, can be explored by considering three concepts: biotic interactions, functional adaptations, and community structure. Interactions between species are traditionally considered as, e.g., mutualistic, parasitic, or neutral but are here broadly defined as either coexistence or competition, while functions relate to their metabolism (e.g., autotrophy or heterotrophy) and roles in ecosystem functioning (e.g., oxygen production, organic matter degradation). The term structure here align with species richness and diversity, where a more diverse community is though to exhibit a broader functional capacity than a less diverse community. These concepts have here been combined with ecological theories commonly used in resilience studies, i.e., adaptive cycles, panarchy, and cross-scale resilience, that describe how the status and behavior at one trophic level impact that of surrounding levels. This allows us to explore the resilience of a marine microbial community, cultivated in an outdoor photobioreactor, when exposed to a naturally occurring seasonal stress. The culture was monitored for 6weeks during which it was exposed to two different temperature regimes (21 +/- 2 and 11 +/- 1 degrees C). Samples were taken for metatranscriptomic analysis, in order to assess the regulation of carbon uptake and utilization, and for amplicon (18S and 16S rRNA gene) sequencing, to characterize the community structure of both autotrophs (dominated by the green microalgae Mychonastes) and heterotrophs (associated bacterioplankton). Differential gene expression analyses suggested that community function at warm temperatures was based on concomitant utilization of inorganic and organic carbon assigned to autotrophs and heterotrophs, while at colder temperatures, the uptake of organic carbon was performed primarily by autotrophs. Upon the shift from high to low temperature, community interactions shifted from coexistence to competition for organic carbon. Network analysis indicated that the community structure showed opposite trends for autotrophs and heterotrophs in having either high or low diversity. Despite an abrupt change of temperature, the microbial community as a whole responded in a way that maintained the overall level of diversity and function within and across autotrophic and heterotrophic levels. This is in line with cross-scale resilience theory describing how ecosystems may balance functional overlaps within and functional redundancy between levels in order to be resilient to environmental change (such as temperature).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2021
Keywords
microalgae; bacteria; community; resilience; coexistence; competition; adaptive cycles; interactions
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97927 (URN)10.3389/fmicb.2021.607601 (DOI)000621368600001 ()33643237 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85101699588 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-09-03 Created: 2020-09-03 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-7155-3604

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