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Nguyen, T. & Lin, L. (2025). Potentials and effects of electricity cogeneration via ORC integration in small-scale biomass district heating system. Green Energy and Resources, 3(1), Article ID 100113.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potentials and effects of electricity cogeneration via ORC integration in small-scale biomass district heating system
2025 (English)In: Green Energy and Resources, E-ISSN 2949-7205, Vol. 3, no 1, article id 100113Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study explores the potential and impact of electricity cogeneration using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) integrated with small-scale biomass boilers within district heating systems. An analysis is conducted on a 3 MWth biomass-fired district heating plant in southern Sweden. Process monitoring data, collected over a one-year period from the plant, serves as the basis for simulation and analysis. The study examines operational changes and fuel usage at a local level, together with an extension to a regional scale considering both short-term and long-term energy system implications. The results show that integrating a 200 kWe ORC unit with the existing boiler having a flue gas condenser is cos-optimal and could cogenerate approximately 1.1 GWh electricity annually, with a levelized electricity cost of €64.4 per MWh. This is equivalent to a system power-to-heat ratio of 7.5%. From a broader energy system perspective, this efficient integration could potentially reduce CO2 emissions by 234-454 tons per year when the saved energy locally is used to replace fossil fuels in the energy system, depending on how biomass is utilized and what type of fossil fuels are replaced. Increasing installed capacity of ORC unit to maximize electricity co-generation could result in a carbon abatement cost ranging from €204 to €79 per ton CO2. This cost fluctuates depending on the installed capacity, operation of the ORC units, and prevailing electricity prices. The study highlights the trade-off between financial gains and CO2 emission reductions, underscoring the complex decision-making involved in energy system optimization.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
biomass conversion, small-scale boiler, organic Rankine cycle, district heating system, primary energy use, electricity cogeneration, GHG emissions
National Category
Energy Engineering Energy Systems
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-134268 (URN)10.1016/j.gerr.2024.100113 (DOI)2-s2.0-85215389665 (Scopus ID)
Projects
Swedish Knowledge Foundation (grant number 20190090)DecarbonDHS project (grant number of STHB.02.02-IP.01-0009/23) co-financed from the Interreg South Baltic Programme 2021-2027 through the European Regional Development Fund
Funder
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)Interreg, STHB.02.02-IP.01-0009/23
Available from: 2024-12-30 Created: 2024-12-30 Last updated: 2025-01-29Bibliographically approved
Zhang, X., Qian, X., Xiao, C., Yin, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z., . . . Lin, L. (2024). Advancements in Purification and Holistic Utilization of Industrial By-product Hydrogen: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Green Energy and Resources, 2(4), Article ID 100098.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Advancements in Purification and Holistic Utilization of Industrial By-product Hydrogen: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects
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2024 (English)In: Green Energy and Resources, ISSN 2949-7205, Vol. 2, no 4, article id 100098Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In the wake of a global shift towards sustainable energy and heightened environmental stewardship, hydrogen energy stands out as a clean and efficient alternative, drawing significant interest for its potential. Industrial by-product hydrogen (IBPH), a key source in the burgeoning hydrogen economy, is poised for growth during the early to mid-stages of hydrogen economy, but currently grapples with substantial wastage and suboptimal utilization due to technological barriers and insufficient attention. A critical examination of the purification and utilization technologies for IBPH is thus imperative, offering practitioners in the hydrogen domain the insights necessary for a more strategic and efficacious harnessing of this resource. The present review delivers an exhaustive survey of cutting-edge separation and purification techniques tailored for IBPH. Additionally, it encapsulates the latest advancements in utilization technologies of IBPH across diverse sectors, presenting a methodical compendium of current innovations. The discourse extends to a probing analysis of the prevailing challenges and envisions the prospective landscape of the IBPH marketplace.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
Keywords
Hydrogen economy, By-product hydrogen, Hydrogen purification, Hydrogen utilization
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-132718 (URN)10.1016/j.gerr.2024.100098 (DOI)2-s2.0-85205441827 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-09-23 Created: 2024-09-23 Last updated: 2024-11-19Bibliographically approved
Asuquo, A. J., Zhang, X., Lin, L. & Li, J. (2024). Green heterogeneous catalysts derived from fermented kola nut pod husk for sustainable biodiesel production. International Journal of Green Energy, 21(10), 2218-2227
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Green heterogeneous catalysts derived from fermented kola nut pod husk for sustainable biodiesel production
2024 (English)In: International Journal of Green Energy, ISSN 1543-5075, E-ISSN 1543-5083, Vol. 21, no 10, p. 2218-2227Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The use of green heterogeneous catalysts that are obtained from waste agricultural biomass can make the production of biodiesel more economical. In this research, three solid base heterogeneous catalysts (Catalyst A, B, and C) were synthesized from kola nut pod husks, and the synergistic effects of the elemental composition on catalytic activities for biodiesel production were studied. The results revealed a high surface area of Catalysts A, B, and C at 419.90 m2/g, 430.54 m2/g, and 432.57 m2/g, respectively. Their corresponding pore diameters are 3.53 nm, 3.48 nm, and 3.32 nm, showing that the catalysts are mesoporous in nature. The X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) results revealed the presence of a variety of alkaline earth metals and their corresponding metal oxides in substantial amounts. Catalyst A was produced with the highest concentration of calcium at 40.84 wt.% and calcium oxide at 68.02 mole%. The substantial concentration of other elements, such as potassium, magnesium, and aluminum, and their corresponding metal oxides are the proof of high catalytic activity of the produced green catalysts. The high CaO contents of all three produced catalysts and their high surface areas indicate their strong potential for good catalytic activities applied to the synthesis of biodiesel.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2024
Keywords
Biodiesel production, green catalyst, synthesis, characterization, sustainability
National Category
Chemical Process Engineering Bioenergy
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-126199 (URN)10.1080/15435075.2023.2297781 (DOI)001136780400001 ()2-s2.0-85181471360 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-01-04 Created: 2024-01-04 Last updated: 2024-09-05Bibliographically approved
Ahmad, W., Lin, L. & Strand, M. (2024). Investigation of different configurations of alumina packed bed reactor for coke free conversion of benzene. Chemical engineering research & design, 201, 433-445
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigation of different configurations of alumina packed bed reactor for coke free conversion of benzene
2024 (English)In: Chemical engineering research & design, ISSN 0263-8762, E-ISSN 1744-3563, Vol. 201, p. 433-445Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Conversion of producer gas tar without coke generation is a great challenge. This study investigates conversion of tar model benzene using different configurations of highly non-porous ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed reactor at 1000–1100 0C. The configurations comprised of different positions (relative to top (P1), center (P2) and bottom (P3) of reactor furnace), heights (5, 13 and 25 cm) and particles sizes (0.5, 3 and 5 mm) of alumina packed bed. Steam and CO2 were used as reforming media for tested benzene concentrations (0.4–1.8 vol%). The results showed benzene conversions of 48–91% with negligible steady thin coke generation using a packed bed (height: 25 cm, particles size: 3 mm) at P1. Whereas, relative high benzene conversions of 63–93 and 68–95% at P2 and P3 respectively with unsteady thick coke generation at benzene concentrations greater than 0.4 vol% increased differential upstream pressures (DUPs) of beds. Similar unsteady coke generation at benzene concentrations greater than 0.8 vol% and temperature of 1100 0C was observed with packed beds of heights of 5 and 13 cm, and particles size of 0.5 mm at P1. Generation of unsteady coke with condensed structure as evidenced by its characterization was attributable to increased benzene polymerization and reduced bed surface gasification reactions due to improperly installed packed bed. Developed kinetic model predicted well the generated coke. As conclusion, properly installed alumina packed bed pertaining to tar concentration and other experimental conditions may inhibit coke generation during tar conversion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-126019 (URN)10.1016/j.cherd.2023.11.063 (DOI)001139578000001 ()2-s2.0-85180412311 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-12-18 Created: 2023-12-18 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
Thelin, W. & Lin, L. (2024). Investigation of Particle Removal and Heat Recovery in a Wet Scrubber Using a Module-based Simulation Model. In: 32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition: Advanced biomass combustion. Paper presented at 32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition (pp. 504-507).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigation of Particle Removal and Heat Recovery in a Wet Scrubber Using a Module-based Simulation Model
2024 (English)In: 32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition: Advanced biomass combustion, 2024, p. 504-507Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Particle removal coupled with heat recovery in a wet scrubber is an interesting way to make efficient particle removal economically feasible even for small and medium scaled combustion facilities. In this study, a Module-based simulation model for particle removal in a wet scrubber was developed and validated. The model was coupled with an earlier developed model predicting heat recovery and was then used to investigate trends in particle removal at different process conditions. The model showed good promise to be used as an investigative tool for investigating optimization possibilities, as well as synergies and tradeoffs for particle removal and heat recovery in wet scrubbers.

Keywords
bioenergy, district heating, modelling, particle emission, aerosol
National Category
Energy Engineering Energy Systems
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-134276 (URN)10.5071/32ndEUBCE2024-4CO.3.3 (DOI)9788889407240 (ISBN)
Conference
32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition
Projects
Swedish Knowledge Foundation (grant number 20190090)
Available from: 2024-12-31 Created: 2024-12-31 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
Ahmad, W., Lin, L. & Strand, M. (2023). Coke-free conversion of benzene at high temperatures. Journal of the Energy Institute, 109, Article ID 101307.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Coke-free conversion of benzene at high temperatures
2023 (English)In: Journal of the Energy Institute, ISSN 1743-9671, E-ISSN 1746-0220, Vol. 109, article id 101307Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study investigates the conversion of benzene in a novel highly non-porous ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed reactor at 1000–1100 °C. The influences of packed bed presence, reforming medium (steam and CO2), gas flow rate and benzene concentration on steady state benzene conversion are examined. In presence of packed bed, benzene conversions of 52, 75, and 84% were achieved with combined steam and CO2 reforming at 1000, 1050, and 1100 °C, respectively. Whereas, benzene conversion of 65% without the packed bed at 1000 °C experienced a continuous increase in differential upstream pressure (DUP) of high temperature (HT) filter at reactor downstream due to deposition of in situ generated coke. High concentrations of generated CO and H2 of 2.3 and 6 vol% with packed bed than 1.4 and 4.7 vol% without the packed respectively, were achieved. CO2 reforming achieved high benzene conversions of 68–98% than 42–80% achieved with stream reforming at packed bed reactor temperatures of 1000–1100 °C. The results indicated that presence of ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed with possible surface reactions directed the conversion of benzene to combustible gases instead of coke. Hence, ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed reactor could be a suitable choice for coke-free conversion of tar of gasifier producer gas.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Steam reforming, CO reforming, Benzene conversion, Coke deposits, Combustible gases
National Category
Energy Engineering Bioenergy Chemical Process Engineering
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-122025 (URN)10.1016/j.joei.2023.101307 (DOI)001025198800001 ()2-s2.0-85161330969 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-06-16 Created: 2023-06-16 Last updated: 2023-11-14Bibliographically approved
Johansson, W., Li, J. & Lin, L. (2023). Module-based simulation model for prediction of convective and condensational heat recovery in a centrifugal wet scrubber. Applied Thermal Engineering, 219, Article ID 119454.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Module-based simulation model for prediction of convective and condensational heat recovery in a centrifugal wet scrubber
2023 (English)In: Applied Thermal Engineering, ISSN 1359-4311, E-ISSN 1873-5606, Vol. 219, article id 119454Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Biomass combustion is a carbon–neutral method to generate heat and power and is integral to combating climate change. The wet scrubber is a promising device for recovering heat and reducing particle emissions from flue gas, under the driving force of new European Union legislation. Here, the heat recovery of a wet scrubber was investigated using process data and computer simulations. The process data showed that the scrubber could continuously recover heat corresponding to 10–20% of the energy input. The simulation model consists of two interlinked modules: Module 1 simulates droplet movement in the scrubber, while Module 2 uses the output of Module 1 to predict the heat recovery. The model was validated against process data, showing a mean error of 5.6%. Further optimization was based on the validated model by varying different process parameters, including nozzle position and moisture addition to the flue gas. Moisture addition was shown to be a feasible strategy for potentially increasing heat recovery by up to 3.3%. These results indicate that heat recovery in wet scrubbers is a feasible way to make particle removal cost effective in medium-scale combustion facilities, and that the developed simulation model can play an important role in optimizing these processes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Simulation model, Heat recovery, Centrifugal wet scrubber, Condensation, Biomass, Combustion
National Category
Energy Engineering Chemical Process Engineering
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-117167 (URN)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119454 (DOI)000882026900003 ()2-s2.0-85140738410 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20190090
Available from: 2022-10-28 Created: 2022-10-28 Last updated: 2023-06-21Bibliographically approved
Ahmad, W., Lin, L. & Strand, M. (2022). Benzene conversion using a partial combustion approach in a packed bed reactor. Energy, 239(Part C), Article ID 122251.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Benzene conversion using a partial combustion approach in a packed bed reactor
2022 (English)In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 239, no Part C, article id 122251Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study investigates the partial combustion technique for tar conversion using a modified experimental set up comprising a packed bed reactor with bed-inside probe for air supply. Simulated producer gas (SPG) and benzene were selected as a real producer gas alternative and model tar component respectively. The benzene conversion was investigated under different experimental conditions such as reactor temperature (650–900 °C), packed bed height (0–12 cm), residence time (1.2–1.9 s), air fuel ratio (0.2 and 0.3) and SPG composition. The results showed insignificant effect of temperature over benzene conversion while air fuel ratio of 0.3 caused high benzene conversion than at 0.2. Absence of packed bed lead high benzene conversion of 90% to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to similar low PAHs free benzene conversion of 32% achieved at both packed heights. In SPG composition effect, H2 and CH4 had a substantial inverse effect on benzene conversion. An increase in H2 concentration from 12 to 24 vol% increased the benzene conversion from 26 to 45% while an increase in CH4 concentration from 7 to 14 vol% reduced the benzene conversion from 28 to 4%. However, other SPG components had insignificant impacts on benzene conversion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Partial combustion, Gasification, Tar, Simulated producer gas
National Category
Chemical Process Engineering
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Sustainable Built Environment
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-107478 (URN)10.1016/j.energy.2021.122251 (DOI)000711155600008 ()2-s2.0-85116867387 (Scopus ID)2021 (Local ID)2021 (Archive number)2021 (OAI)
Projects
Char and tar conversion in an internally heated packed bed
Available from: 2021-10-14 Created: 2021-10-14 Last updated: 2023-06-21Bibliographically approved
Johansson, W. & Lin, L. (2022). Full year assessment of small-scale biomass-fueled district heating system with waste heat recovery. In: Chevet P.-F., Scarlat N., Grassi A. (Ed.), European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings: . Paper presented at 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2022, Virtual Online, 9-12 May 2022 (pp. 696-698). ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Full year assessment of small-scale biomass-fueled district heating system with waste heat recovery
2022 (English)In: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings / [ed] Chevet P.-F., Scarlat N., Grassi A., ETA-Florence Renewable Energies , 2022, p. 696-698Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The use of biomass for district heating is a carbon neutral and efficient way to heat buildings. To ensure a sustainable use of the biomass, it is important to ensure a high thermal efficiency not only in combustion facilities of all sizes. In this paper, the thermal efficiency of a 3 MW combustion unit with recovery of waste flue gas energy has been evaluated, using process data from a full year. A decreased efficiency is observed at boiler loads below 1 MW, while the efficiency is more stable at higher load. The furnace and boiler efficiency are stable over different moisture contents of the fuel, while the efficiency including heat recovery is greatly enhanced at high moisture content. High return water temperature was linked to a decreased efficiency of the whole system due to decreased efficiency of the heat recovery unit.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2022
Series
European biomass conference and exhibition proceedings, E-ISSN 2282-5819
Keywords
Biomass, Boilers, Moisture, Moisture determination, Waste heat, Waste heat utilization, Waste incineration, A-carbon, Carbon neutrals, District heating system, Heat building, High thermal, Small scale, Sustainable use, Thermal Performance, Thermal-efficiency, Waste-heat recovery, District heating
National Category
Bioenergy
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-122824 (URN)2-s2.0-85142542487 (Scopus ID)
Conference
30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2022, Virtual Online, 9-12 May 2022
Available from: 2023-06-28 Created: 2023-06-28 Last updated: 2023-08-17Bibliographically approved
Fu, D., Truong, N. L., Lai, Y., Lin, L., Dong, Z. & Lyu, M. (2022). Improved pinch-based method to calculate the capital cost target of heat exchanger network via evolving the spaghetti structure towards low-cost matching. Journal of Cleaner Production, 343, Article ID 131022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved pinch-based method to calculate the capital cost target of heat exchanger network via evolving the spaghetti structure towards low-cost matching
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2022 (English)In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 343, article id 131022Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Ahead of heat exchanger network (HEN) design, setting an optimal pinch temperature difference for pinch analysis depends vitally on the capital cost target. Conventional methods based on the spaghetti (SPA) structure ignoring matching optimization might result in calculated cost targets of large deviations. This work evolved the SPA structure via four stages by shifting energy towards low-cost matching. The fourth structure evolved from the SPA structure (ESPA-IV structure) with the lowest-cost matching after loops elimination forms the base to establish the ESPA method. It is validated by numerical experiment and applied to a case reported in literature, meanwhile comparisons are always made to the SPA method. The numerical experiment proves that the ESPA method can obtain capital cost targets with higher accuracy than the SPA method. The target deviations (often within ±5%) given by the ESPA method are much lower than those (well above 10%) derived by the SPA method. In the case study, the given HEN is further optimized as hinted by ESPA method results. Of two target methods, the cost target indicated by ESPA method is closer to the optimum capital cost newly derived after optimization. The high accuracy of the ESPA method is further verified.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Heat exchanger network, Capital cost target, Low-cost matching, Spaghetti structure, Pinch analysis, Temperature difference
National Category
Energy Engineering Chemical Process Engineering
Research subject
Technology (byts ev till Engineering), Bioenergy Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-110642 (URN)10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131022 (DOI)000807372500001 ()2-s2.0-85125226463 (Scopus ID)2022 (Local ID)2022 (Archive number)2022 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-02-28 Created: 2022-02-28 Last updated: 2023-06-22Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-8964-116X

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