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Bo, K.-E., Halvorsen, K. H., Le, A.-N. Y. & Lehnbom, E. C. (2024). Barriers and facilitators of pharmacists' integration in a multidisciplinary home care team: a qualitative interview study based on the normalization process theory. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), Article ID 567.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Barriers and facilitators of pharmacists' integration in a multidisciplinary home care team: a qualitative interview study based on the normalization process theory
2024 (English)In: BMC Health Services Research, E-ISSN 1472-6963, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 567Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

There is a growing recognition of multidisciplinary practices as the most rational approach to providing better and more efficient healthcare services. Pharmacists are increasingly integrated into primary care teams, but there is no universal approach to implementing pharmacist services across healthcare settings. In Norway, most pharmacists work in pharmacies, with very few employed outside this traditional setting. The home care workforce is primarily made up of nurses, assistant nurses, and healthcare assistants. General practitioners (GPs) are not based in the same location as home care staff. This study utilized the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to conduct a process evaluation of the integration of pharmacists in a Norwegian home care setting. Our aim was to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal utilization of pharmacist services within a multidisciplinary team.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews (n = 9) were conducted with home care unit leaders, ward managers, registered nurses, and pharmacists in Norway, in November 2022-February 2023. Constructs from the NPT were applied to qualitative data.

Results

Findings from this study pertain to the four constructs of the NPT. Healthcare professionals struggled to conceptualize the pharmacists' competencies and there were no collectively agreed-upon objectives of the intervention. Consequently, some participants questioned the necessity of pharmacist integration. Further, participants reported conflicting preferences regarding how to best utilize medication-optimizing services in everyday work. A lack of stakeholder empowerment was reported across all participants. Moreover, home care unit leaders and managers reported being uninformed of their roles and responsibilities related to the implementation process. However, the presence of pharmacists and their services were well received in the setting. Moreover, participants reported that pharmacists' contributions positively impacted the multidisciplinary practice.

Conclusion

Introducing new work methods into clinical practice is a complex task that demands expertise in implementation. Using the NTP model helped pinpoint factors that affect how pharmacists' skills are utilized in a home care setting. Insights from this study can inform the development of tailored implementation strategies to improve pharmacist integration in a multidisciplinary team.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2024
Keywords
Qualitative, Pharmacist, Implementation, Home care, Normalization process theory
National Category
Social and Clinical Pharmacy
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-130410 (URN)10.1186/s12913-024-11014-y (DOI)001225935200006 ()38698483 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85191966706 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-06-14 Created: 2024-06-14 Last updated: 2024-06-27Bibliographically approved
Carlqvist, C., Ekstedt, M. & Lehnbom, E. C. (2024). Exploring the impact of pharmacist-supported medication reviews in dementia care: experiences of general practitioners and nurses. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), Article ID 520.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring the impact of pharmacist-supported medication reviews in dementia care: experiences of general practitioners and nurses
2024 (English)In: BMC Geriatrics, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 520Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background Dementia is a major global public health challenge, and with the growing elderly population, its prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years. In Sweden, municipalities are responsible for providing special housing for the elderly (S & Auml;BO), which offers services and care for older individuals needing specific support. S & Auml;BO is both the person<acute accent>s home and a care environment and workplace. Polypharmacy in patients with dementia is common and increases the risk of medication interactions. Involving clinical pharmacists in medication reviews has been shown to enhance medication safety and improve prescribing practices. However, the views of the standard care team involved in medication prescribing, administration, monitoring and documentation on integrating pharmacist services have received less attention. Thus, this study aims to explore how pharmacists' contributions can enhance medication safety, improve patient care efficiency, and potentially alleviate the workload of general practitioners for people with dementia living in special housing.Methods This study has a descriptive qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. The study was conducted in a southern Swedish special housing and included nurses, assistant nurses, general practitioners (GPs), and a pharmacist. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, interviews were conducted over the phone. The Swedish Ethical Review Authority approved the study.Results The analysis revealed three main categories, and eleven subcategories.: (1) Integrating multidisciplinary approaches for holistic dementia care, (2) Strengthening dementia care through effective medication management and (3) Advancing dementia care through pharmacist integration and role expansion. Nurses focused on non-pharmacological treatments, while GPs emphasized the importance of medication reviews in assessing the benefits and side-effects of prescribed medication. Pharmacists were valued for their reliable medication expertise, appreciated by GPs for saving time and providing recommendations prior to consultations with individuals with dementia and their next-of-kin. Although medication reviews were considered beneficial, there was skepticism about their ability to solve all medication-related problems associated with dementia care.Conclusions This study highlights the critical role pharmacists play in enhancing medication safety and patient care efficiency in special housing for individuals with dementia. Despite the value of their contributions, communication barriers within healthcare teams pose significant challenges. Recognising potential pharmacist role expansion is essential to alleviate the workload of GPs and ensure effective collaborative practices for better patient outcomes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2024
Keywords
Clinical pharmacy, Collaboration, Dementia, Drug-related problems, Health care professionals, Independent living, Implementation, Medication review, Polypharmacy, Qualitative study, Special housing
National Category
Social and Clinical Pharmacy Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-131726 (URN)10.1186/s12877-024-05124-9 (DOI)001248043200001 ()38877433 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85196014455 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-08-14 Created: 2024-08-14 Last updated: 2024-08-28Bibliographically approved
Adelsjö, I., Lehnbom, E. C., Hellström, A., Nilsson, L., Flink, M. & Ekstedt, M. (2024). The impact of discharge letter content on unplanned hospital readmissions within 30 and 90 days in older adults with chronic illness - a mixed methods study. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), Article ID 591.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The impact of discharge letter content on unplanned hospital readmissions within 30 and 90 days in older adults with chronic illness - a mixed methods study
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2024 (English)In: BMC Geriatrics, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 591Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

Care transitions are high-risk processes, especially for people with complex or chronic illness. Discharge letters are an opportunity to provide written information to improve patients' self-management after discharge. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of discharge letter content on unplanned hospital readmissions and self-rated quality of care transitions among patients 60 years of age or older with chronic illness.

Methods

The study had a convergent mixed methods design. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure were recruited from two hospitals in Region Stockholm if they were living at home and Swedish-speaking. Patients with dementia or cognitive impairment, or a "do not resuscitate" statement in their medical record were excluded. Discharge letters from 136 patients recruited to a randomised controlled trial were coded using an assessment matrix and deductive content analysis. The assessment matrix was based on a literature review performed to identify key elements in discharge letters that facilitate a safe care transition to home. The coded key elements were transformed into a quantitative variable of "SAFE-D score". Bivariate correlations between SAFE-D score and quality of care transition as well as unplanned readmissions within 30 and 90 days were calculated. Lastly, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate associations between SAFE-D score and time to readmission.

Results

All discharge letters contained at least five of eleven key elements. In less than two per cent of the discharge letters, all eleven key elements were present. Neither SAFE-D score, nor single key elements correlated with 30-day or 90-day readmission rate. SAFE-D score was not associated with time to readmission when adjusted for a range of patient characteristics and self-rated quality of care transitions.

Conclusions

While written summaries play a role, they may not be sufficient on their own to ensure safe care transitions and effective self-care management post-discharge.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials. giv, NCT02823795, 01/09/2016.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2024
Keywords
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Communication, Congestive heart failure, Hospital discharge, Medication therapy management, Self-management, Polypharmacy
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-131844 (URN)10.1186/s12877-024-05172-1 (DOI)001269013200003 ()38987669 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85198125879 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-08-16 Created: 2024-08-16 Last updated: 2024-08-21Bibliographically approved
Zahl-Holmstad, B., Garcia, B. H., Svendsen, K., Johnsgard, T., Holis, R. V., Ofstad, E. H., . . . Elenjord, R. (2023). Completeness of medication information in admission notes from emergency departments. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), Article ID 1425.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Completeness of medication information in admission notes from emergency departments
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2023 (English)In: BMC Health Services Research, E-ISSN 1472-6963, Vol. 23, no 1, article id 1425Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BackgroundMedication lists prepared in the emergency department (ED) form the basis for diagnosing and treating patients during hospitalization. Since incomplete medication information may lead to patient harm, it is crucial to obtain a correct and complete medication list at hospital admission. In this cross-sectional retrospective study we wanted to explore medication information completeness in admission notes from Norwegian EDs and investigate which factors were associated with level of completeness.MethodsMedication information was assessed for completeness by applying five evaluation criteria; generic name, formulation, dose, frequency, and indication for use. A medication completeness score in percent was calculated per medication, per admission note and per criterion. Quantile regression analysis was applied to investigate which variables were associated with medication information completeness.ResultsAdmission notes for patients admitted between October 2018 and September 2019 and using at least one medication were included. A total of 1,080 admission notes, containing 8,604 medication orders, were assessed. The individual medications had a mean medication completeness score of 88.1% (SD 16.4), while admission notes had a mean medication completeness score of 86.3% (SD 16.2). Over 90% of all individual medications had information about generic name, formulation, dose and frequency stated, while indication for use was only present in 60%. The use of an electronic tool to prepare medication information had a significantly strong positive association with completeness. Hospital visit within the last 30 days, the patient's living situation, number of medications in use, and which hospital the patient was admitted to, were also associated with information completeness.ConclusionsMedication information completeness in admission notes was high, but potential for improvement regarding documentation of indication for use was identified. Applying an electronic tool when preparing admission notes in EDs seems crucial to safeguard completeness of medication information.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2023
Keywords
Patient safety, Quality of health care, Medication information, Admission notes, Electronic health records, Medication systems, Hospital
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-126772 (URN)10.1186/s12913-023-10371-4 (DOI)001130386300003 ()38104071 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85179947815 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-01-16 Created: 2024-01-16 Last updated: 2024-02-15Bibliographically approved
Lehnbom, E. C., Berbakov, M. E., Hoffins, E. L., Moon, J., Welch, L. & Chui, M. A. (2023). Elevating Safe Use of Over-The-Counter Medications in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Pharmacy Involved Interventions and Recommendations for Improvement. Drugs & Aging, 40, 621-632
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Elevating Safe Use of Over-The-Counter Medications in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Pharmacy Involved Interventions and Recommendations for Improvement
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2023 (English)In: Drugs & Aging, ISSN 1170-229X, E-ISSN 1179-1969, Vol. 40, p. 621-632Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are products that have been made easily accessible to allow patients to treat common ailments without a prescription and the cost of a doctor's visit. These medications are generally considered safe; however, there is still a potential for these medications to lead to adverse health outcomes. Older adults (ages 50+) are especially susceptible to these adverse health outcomes, due to age-related physiological changes, a higher prevalence of comorbidities, and prescription medication use. Many OTC medications are sold in pharmacies, which provides pharmacists and technicians with the opportunity to help guide safe selection and use for these medications. Therefore, community pharmacies are the ideal setting for OTC medication safety interventions. This narrative review summarizes the findings of pharmacy-involved interventions that promote safe OTC medication use for older adults.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2023
National Category
Social and Clinical Pharmacy
Research subject
Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-123512 (URN)10.1007/s40266-023-01041-5 (DOI)001009613200001 ()37340207 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85162200889 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-08-09 Created: 2023-08-09 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved
Johnsgard, T., Elenjord, R., Lehnbom, E. C., Risor, T., Zahl-Holmstad, B., Holis, R. V., . . . Garcia, B. H. (2023). Emergency department physicians' experiences and perceptions with medication-related work tasks and the potential role of clinical pharmacists. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 18(1), Article ID 2226941.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Emergency department physicians' experiences and perceptions with medication-related work tasks and the potential role of clinical pharmacists
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2023 (English)In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 2226941Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose Medication-related problems are frequent among emergency department patients. Clinical pharmacists play an important role in identifying, solving, and preventing these problems, but are not present in emergency departments worldwide. We aimed to explore how Norwegian physicians experience medication-related work tasks in emergency departments without pharmacists present, and how they perceive future introduction of a clinical pharmacist in the interprofessional team. Methods We interviewed 27 physicians in three emergency departments in Norway. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Our informants' experience with medication-related work tasks mainly concerned medication reconciliation, and few other tasks were systematically performed to ensure medication safety. The informants were welcoming of clinical pharmacists and expressed a need and wish for assistance with compiling patient's medication lists. Simultaneously they expressed concerns regarding e.g., responsibility sharing, priorities in the emergency department and logistics. These concerns need to be addressed before implementing the clinical pharmacist in the interprofessional team in the emergency department. Conclusions Physicians in Norwegian emergency departments welcome assistance from clinical pharmacists, but the identified professional, structural, and legislative barriers for this collaboration need to be addressed before implementation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2023
Keywords
Emergency department, physicians, medication safety, experiences, pharmacists, qualitative study, interviews, interprofessional team
National Category
Social and Clinical Pharmacy
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-123538 (URN)10.1080/17482631.2023.2226941 (DOI)001010191200001 ()37343666 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85162906690 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-08-09 Created: 2023-08-09 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved
Bo, K.-E., Halvorsen, K. H. H., Risor, T. & Lehnbom, E. C. (2023). 'Illuminating determinants of implementation of non-dispensing pharmacist services in home care: a qualitative interview study'. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 41(1), 43-51
Open this publication in new window or tab >>'Illuminating determinants of implementation of non-dispensing pharmacist services in home care: a qualitative interview study'
2023 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, E-ISSN 1502-7724, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 43-51Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

ObjectivesMedication errors are leading causes of hospitalization and death in western countries and WHO encourages health care providers to implement non-dispensing pharmacist services in primary care to improve medication work. However, these services struggle to provide any impact on clinical outcomes. We wanted to explore health care professionals' views on medication work to illuminate determinants of the implementation success. The research was designed to inform and adapt implementation strategies for non-dispensing pharmacist services.DesignSemi-structured interview study with nine healthcare professionals.SettingFour Norwegian home care wards.SubjectsNine healthcare professionals working at different wards within one home care unit.Main outcome measuresDeterminants of implementation outcomes.ResultsContextual determinants of the implementation process were mainly related to characteristics of the setting such as poorly designed information systems, work overload, and chaotic work environments. The identified barriers question the innovation's appropriateness related to the setting's needs but also provide possibilities for tailoring pharmacist services to local medication work issues. The observable positive effects and the perceived advantage of the pharmacist services are likely to facilitate the implementation process.ConclusionOur study provided information on contextual elements that influence the implementation process of non-dispensing pharmacist services. Awareness of these factors can help develop strategies to help the organization succeed in in achieving program outcomes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2023
Keywords
Clinical pharmacists, implementation science, patient care management, Norway, home care services, qualitative research
National Category
Social and Clinical Pharmacy
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-119112 (URN)10.1080/02813432.2023.2164840 (DOI)000912893900001 ()36637874 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85146794409 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-02-07 Created: 2023-02-07 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved
Zahl-Holmstad, B., Garcia, B. H., Johnsgard, T., Ofstad, E. H., Lehnbom, E. C., Svendsen, K., . . . Elenjord, R. (2023). Patient perceptions and experiences with medication-related activities in the emergency department: a qualitative study. BMJ Open Quality, 12(2), Article ID e002239.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patient perceptions and experiences with medication-related activities in the emergency department: a qualitative study
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2023 (English)In: BMJ Open Quality, E-ISSN 2399-6641, Vol. 12, no 2, article id e002239Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BackgroundEmergency department (ED) pharmacists reduce medication errors and improve quality of medication use. Patient perceptions and experiences with ED pharmacists have not been studied. The aim of this study was to explore patients' perceptions of and experiences with medication-related activities in the ED, with and without an ED pharmacist present.MethodsWe conducted 24 semistructured individual interviews with patients admitted to one ED in Norway, 12 before and 12 during an intervention, where pharmacists performed medication-related tasks close to patients and in collaboration with ED staff. Interviews were transcribed and analysed applying thematic analysis.ResultsFrom our five developed themes, we identified that: (1) Our informants had low awareness and few expectations of the ED pharmacist, both with and without the pharmacist present. However, they were positive to the ED pharmacist. (2) Our informants expressed a variation of trust in the healthcare system, healthcare professionals and electronic systems, though the majority expressed a high level of trust. They believed that their medication list was automatically updated and assumed to get the correct medication. (3) Some informants felt responsible to have an overview of their medication use, while others expressed low interest in taking responsibility regarding their medication. (4) Some informants did not want involvement from healthcare professionals in medication administration, while others expressed no problems with giving up control. (5) Medication information was important for all informants to feel confident in medication use, but the need for information differed.ConclusionDespite being positive to pharmacists, it did not seem important to our informants who performed the medication-related tasks, as long as they received the help they needed. The degree of trust, responsibility, control and information varied among ED patients. These dimensions can be applied by healthcare professionals to tailor medication-related activities to patients' individual needs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023
Keywords
Emergency department, Pharmacists, Qualitative research, Medication safety, Patient Preference
National Category
Social and Clinical Pharmacy Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-122882 (URN)10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002239 (DOI)000996052600006 ()37217242 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85159817448 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-06-28 Created: 2023-06-28 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved
Adelsjö, I., Nilsson, L., Hellström, A., Ekstedt, M. & Lehnbom, E. C. (2022). Communication about medication management during patient–physician consultations in primary care: a participant observation study. BMJ Open, 12(11), Article ID e062148.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Communication about medication management during patient–physician consultations in primary care: a participant observation study
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2022 (English)In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 12, no 11, article id e062148Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective To explore communication about medication management during annual consultations in primary care. Design: passive participant observations of primary care consultations.

Setting Two primary care centres in southern Sweden.

Participants Consultations between 18 patients (over the age of 60 years) with chronic diseases and 10 general practitioners (GPs) were observed, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using content analysis.

Results Four categories emerged: communication barriers, striving for a shared understanding of medication management, evaluation of the current medication treatment and the plan ahead and behavioural changes in relation to medication management. Misunderstandings in communication, failure to report changes in the medication treatment and use of generic substitutes complicated mutual understanding and agreement on continued treatment. The need for behavioural changes to reduce the need for medication treatment was recognised but should be explored further.

Conclusion Several pitfalls, including miscommunication and inaccurate medication lists, for safe medication management were identified. The purpose of annual consultations should be clarified, individual treatment plans could be used more actively during primary care consultations and efforts are needed to improve verbal communication and information continuity.No data are available.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-119337 (URN)10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062148 (DOI)000924534200014 ()36328391 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85141270219 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-02-14 Created: 2023-02-14 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Nymoen, L. D., Tran, T., Walter, S. R., Lehnbom, E. C., Tunestveit, I. K., Øie, E. & Viktil, K. K. (2022). Emergency department physicians' distribution of time in the fast paced-workflow-a novel time-motion study of drug-related activities. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 44, 448-458
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Emergency department physicians' distribution of time in the fast paced-workflow-a novel time-motion study of drug-related activities
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2022 (English)In: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, ISSN 2210-7703, E-ISSN 2210-7711, Vol. 44, p. 448-458Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background In the emergency department physicians are forced to distribute their time to ensure that all admitted patients receive appropriate emergency care. Previous studies have raised concerns about medication discrepancies in patient's drug lists at admission to the emergency department. Thus, it is important to study how emergency department physicians distribute their time, to highlight where workflow redesign can be needed. Aim to quantify how emergency department physicians distribute their time between various task categories, with particular focus on drug-related tasks. Method Direct observation, time-motion study of emergency department physicians at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Physicians' activities were categorized in discrete categories and data were collected with the validated method of Work Observation Method By Activity Timing between October 2018 to January 2019. Bootstrap analysis determined 95% confidence intervals for proportions and interruption rates. Results During the observation time of 91.4 h, 31 emergency department physicians were observed. In total, physicians spent majority of their time gathering information (36.5%), communicating (26.3%), and documenting (24.2%). Further, physicians spent 17.8% (95% CI 16.8%, 19.3%) of their time on drug-related tasks. On average, physicians spent 7.8 min (95% CI 7.2, 8.6) per hour to obtain and document patients' drug lists. Conclusion Emergency department physicians are required to conduct numerous essential tasks and distributes a minor proportion of their time on drug-related tasks. More efficient information flow regarding drugs should be facilitated at transitions of care. The presence of healthcare personnel dedicated to obtaining drug lists in the emergency department should be considered.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2022
Keywords
Emergency service hospital, Medication reconciliation, Medication errors, Practice management medical, Time and motion studies, Time management
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-109663 (URN)10.1007/s11096-021-01364-6 (DOI)000733263900001 ()34939132 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85121562326 (Scopus ID)2021 (Local ID)2021 (Archive number)2021 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-01-20 Created: 2022-01-20 Last updated: 2022-05-09Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-1428-5476

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