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Agerström, J., Andréll, C., Bremer, A., Strömberg, A., Årestedt, K. & Israelsson, J. (2024). All else equal: Examining treatment bias and stereotypes based on patient ethnicity and socioeconomic status using in-hospital cardiac arrest clinical vignettes. Heart & Lung, 63, 86-91
Open this publication in new window or tab >>All else equal: Examining treatment bias and stereotypes based on patient ethnicity and socioeconomic status using in-hospital cardiac arrest clinical vignettes
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2024 (English)In: Heart & Lung, ISSN 0147-9563, E-ISSN 1527-3288, Vol. 63, p. 86-91Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BackgroundResearch on ethnic and socioeconomic treatment differences following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) largely draws on register data. Due to the correlational nature of such data, it cannot be concluded whether detected differences reflect treatment bias/discrimination – whereby otherwise identical patients are treated differently solely due to sociodemographic factors. To be able to establish discrimination, experimental research is needed.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this experimental study was to examine whether simulated IHCA patients receive different treatment recommendations based on ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), holding all other factors (e.g., health status) constant. Another aim was to examine health care professionals’ (HCP) stereotypical beliefs about these groups.MethodsHCP (N = 235) working in acute care made anonymous treatment recommendations while reading IHCA clinical vignettes wherein the patient's ethnicity (Swedish vs. Middle Eastern) and SES had been manipulated. Afterwards they estimated to what extent hospital staff associate these patient groups with certain traits (stereotypes).ResultsNo significant differences in treatment recommendations for Swedish versus Middle Eastern or high versus low SES patients were found. Reported stereotypes about Middle Eastern patients were uniformly negative. SES-related stereotypes, however, were mixed. High SES patients were believed to be more competent (e.g., respected), but less warm (e.g., friendly) than low SES patients.ConclusionsSwedish HCP do not seem to discriminate against patients with Middle Eastern or low SES backgrounds when recommending treatment for simulated IHCA cases, despite the existence of negative stereotypes about these groups. Implications for health care equality and quality are discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
National Category
Psychology
Research subject
Social Sciences, Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-124935 (URN)10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.09.011 (DOI)001097657300001 ()2-s2.0-85174048692 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-09-28 Created: 2023-09-28 Last updated: 2024-01-11Bibliographically approved
Svensson, A., Nilsson, B., Lantz, E., Bremer, A., Årestedt, K. & Israelsson, J. (2024). Response times in rural areas for emergency medical services, fire and rescue services and voluntary first responders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation Plus, 17, Article ID 100548.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Response times in rural areas for emergency medical services, fire and rescue services and voluntary first responders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
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2024 (English)In: Resuscitation Plus, E-ISSN 2666-5204, Vol. 17, article id 100548Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim: To increase survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA), great efforts are made to improve the number of voluntary first responders (VFR). However, evidence of the potential utility of such efforts is sparse, especially in rural areas. Therefore, the aim was to describe and compare response times for emergency medical services (EMS), fire and rescue services (FRS), and VFR during OHCA in relation to population density.

Methods: This observational and comparative study was based on data including positions and time stamps for VFR and response times for EMS and FRS in a region in southern Sweden.ResultsIn total, 285 OHCAs between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2021 were analysed. VFR had the shortest median response time in comparison to EMS and FRS in all studied population densities. The overall median (Q1–Q3) time gain for VFR was 03:07 (01:39–05:41) minutes. A small proportion (19.2%) of alerted VFR accepted the assignments. This is most problematic in rural and sub-rural areas, where there were low numbers of alerted VFR. Also, FRS had shorter response time than EMS in all studied population densities except in urban areas.

Conclusion: The differences found in median response times between rural and urban areas are worrisome from an equality perspective. More focus should be placed on recruiting VFR, especially in rural areas since VFR can potentially contribute to saving more lives. Also, since FRS has a shorter response time than EMS in rural, sub-rural, and sub-urban areas, FRS should be dispatched more frequently.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-126711 (URN)10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100548 (DOI)001167445700001 ()2-s2.0-85182349591 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-01-15 Created: 2024-01-15 Last updated: 2024-03-13Bibliographically approved
Israelsson, J., Carlsson, M. & Agerström, J. (2023). A more conservative test of sex differences in the treatment and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart & Lung, 58, 191-197
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A more conservative test of sex differences in the treatment and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest
2023 (English)In: Heart & Lung, ISSN 0147-9563, E-ISSN 1527-3288, Vol. 58, p. 191-197Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Studies investigating sex disparities related to treatment and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have produced divergent findings and have typically been unable to adjust for outstanding confounding variables.

Objectives: The aim was to examine sex differences in treatment and survival following IHCA, using a comprehensive set of control variables including e.g., age, comorbidity, and patient-level socioeconomic status. Methods: This retrospective study was based on data from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Statistics Sweden. In the primary analyses, logistic regression models and ordinary least square regressions were estimated.

Results: The study included 24,217 patients and the majority (70.4%) were men. In the unadjusted analyses, women had a lower chance of survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempt, at hospital discharge (with good neurological function) and at 30 days (p<0.01). In the adjusted regression models, female sex was associated with a higher chance of survival after the CPR attempt (B = 1.09, p<0.01) and at 30-days (B = 1.09, p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant association between sex and survival to discharge with good neurological outcome. Except for treatment duration (B=-0.07, p<0.01), no significant associations between sex and treatment were identified.

Conclusions: No signs of treatment disparities or discrimination related to sex were identified. However, women had a better chance of surviving IHCA compared to men. The finding that women went from having a survival disadvantage (unadjusted analysis) to a survival advantage (adjusted analysis) attests to the importance of including a comprehensive set of control variables, when examining sex differences.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
National Category
Psychology Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Science; Natural Science, Medicine; Social Sciences, Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-117929 (URN)10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.12.008 (DOI)000910624700001 ()36571977 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85145726773 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2018-00256
Available from: 2022-12-15 Created: 2022-12-15 Last updated: 2023-02-07Bibliographically approved
Israelsson, J., Koistinen, L., Årestedt, K., Rooth, M. & Bremer, A. (2023). Associations between comorbidity and health-related quality of life among in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors – A cross-sectional nationwide registry study. Resuscitation, 188, Article ID 109822.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Associations between comorbidity and health-related quality of life among in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors – A cross-sectional nationwide registry study
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2023 (English)In: Resuscitation, ISSN 0300-9572, E-ISSN 1873-1570, Vol. 188, article id 109822Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore associations between comorbidities and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) survivors.

Methods: This registry study is based on data from the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SRCR) collected during 2014–2017. HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L, the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In total, 1,278 IHCA survivors were included in the study, 3–6 months after the cardiac arrest (CA). Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The comorbidities analysed in this study were the patients’ status for diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, previous stroke, respiratory insufficiency, and heart failure.

Results: Overall, the IHCA survivors reported high levels of HRQoL, but there was great variation within the population, e.g., EQ VAS median (q1- q3) = 70 (50–80). Survivors with one or more comorbidities reported worse HRQoL in 6 out of 8 outcomes (p < 0.001). All studied comorbidities were each associated with worse HRQoL, but no comorbidity was associated with every outcome measure. Previous stroke and respiratory insufficiency were significantly associated with every outcome measure except for HADS Anxiety. The linear regression models explained 4–8% of the total vari- ance in HRQoL (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Since IHCA survivors with comorbidities report worse HRQoL compared to those without comorbidities, it is important to pay directed attention to them when developing and providing post-CA care, especially in those with respiratory insufficiency and previous stroke.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Cardiac arrest, Comorbidity, Health, Quality of life
National Category
Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-120807 (URN)10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109822 (DOI)001002238600001 ()37150395 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85159601483 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-05-19 Created: 2023-05-19 Last updated: 2024-01-11Bibliographically approved
Hellström, P., Israelsson, J., Hellström, A., Hjelm, C., Broström, A. & Årestedt, K. (2023). Is insomnia associated with self-reported health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors?: A cross-sectional survey. Resuscitation Plus, 15, Article ID 100455.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Is insomnia associated with self-reported health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors?: A cross-sectional survey
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2023 (English)In: Resuscitation Plus, E-ISSN 2666-5204, Vol. 15, article id 100455Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Insomnia symptoms seem to be common in cardiac arrest survivors but their associations with important outcomes such as self reported health and life satisfaction have not previously been reported during the early post-event period. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether symptoms of insomnia are associated with self-reported health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors six months after the event.Methods: This multicentre cross-sectional survey included cardiac arrest survivors =18 years. Participants were recruited six months after the event from five hospitals in southern Sweden, and completed a questionnaire including the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale, EQ-5D-5L, Health Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Satisfaction With Life Scale. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test, linear regression, and ordinal logistic regression. The regression analyses were adjusted for demographic and medical factors.Results: In total, 212 survivors, 76.4% males, with a mean age of 66.6 years (SD = 11.9) were included, and of those, 20% reported clinical insomnia. Insomnia was significantly associated with all aspects of self-reported health (p < 0.01) and life satisfaction (p < 0.001), except mobility (p = 0.093), self-care (p = 0.676), and usual activities (p = 0.073).Conclusion: Insomnia plays a potentially important role for both health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors. Screening for sleep problems should be part of post cardiac arrest care and follow-up to identify those in need of further medical examination and treatment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Health, Sleep, Quality of life, Life satisfaction, Psychological distress, Insomnia
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-125039 (URN)10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100455 (DOI)001069174600001 ()37662641 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85169592850 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-10-05 Created: 2023-10-05 Last updated: 2024-01-11Bibliographically approved
Aregger Lundh, S., Israelsson, J., Hagell, P., Lilja Andersson, P. & Årestedt, K. (2023). Life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors: A nationwide Swedish registry study. Resuscitation Plus, 15, Article ID 100451.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors: A nationwide Swedish registry study
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2023 (English)In: Resuscitation Plus, E-ISSN 2666-5204, Vol. 15, article id 100451Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction

Most cardiac arrest (CA) survivors report good health and quality of life. Life satisfaction on the other hand has not yet been studied in a large scale in the CA population. We aimed to explore life satisfaction as perceived by CA survivors with three research questions addressed: (1) how do CA survivors report their life satisfaction, (2) how are different domains of life satisfaction associated with overall life satisfaction, and (3) how are demographic and medical factors associated with overall life satisfaction?

Methods

This registry study had a cross-sectional design. Life satisfaction was assessed using the 11-item Life Satisfaction checklist (LiSat-11). The sample included 1435 survivors ≥18 years of age. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were used.

Results

Survivors were most satisfied with partner relation (85.6%), family life (82.2%), and self-care (77.8%), while 60.5% were satisfied with overall life. Satisfaction with psychological health was strongest associated with overall life satisfaction. Among medical and demographic factors, female sex and poor cerebral performance were associated with less overall life satisfaction.

Conclusions

Generally, CA survivors seem to perceive similar levels of overall life satisfaction as general populations, while survivors tend to be significantly less satisfied with their sexual life. Satisfaction with psychological health is of special interest to identify and treat. Additionally, female survivors and survivors with poor neurological outcome are at risk for poorer overall life satisfaction and need special attention by healthcare professionals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-126363 (URN)10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100451 (DOI)001144737200001 ()2-s2.0-85168510110 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-01-11 Created: 2024-01-11 Last updated: 2024-02-09Bibliographically approved
Aune, E., McMurray, J., Lundgren, P., Sattar, N., Israelsson, J., Nordberg, P., . . . Rawshani, A. (2022). Clinical characteristics and survival in patients with heart failure experiencing in hospital cardiac arrest. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article ID 5685.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Clinical characteristics and survival in patients with heart failure experiencing in hospital cardiac arrest
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2022 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 5685Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In patients with heart failure (HF) who suffered in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), little is known about the characteristics, survival and neurological outcome. We used the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to study this, including patients aged >= 18 years suffering IHCA (2008-2019), categorised as HF alone, HF with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), AMI alone, or other. Odds ratios (OR) for 30-day survival, trends in 30-day survival, and the implication of HF phenotype was studied. 6378 patients had HF alone, 2111 had HF with AMI, 4210 had AMI alone. Crude 5-year survival was 9.6% for HF alone, 12.9% for HF with AMI and 34.6% for AMI alone. The 5-year survival was 7.9% for patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 50%, 15.4% for LVEF < 40% and 12.3% for LVEF 40-49%. Compared with AMI alone, adjusted OR (95% CI) for 30-day survival was 0.66 (0.60-0.74) for HF alone, and 0.49 (0.43-0.57) for HF with AMI. OR for 30-day survival in 2017-2019 compared with 2008-2010 were 1.55 (1.24-1.93) for AMI alone, 1.37 (1.00-1.87) for HF with AMI and 1.30 (1.07-1.58) for HF alone. Survivors with HF had good neurological outcome in 92% of cases.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2022
National Category
Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-111643 (URN)10.1038/s41598-022-09510-4 (DOI)000781522600023 ()35383220 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85127562187 (Scopus ID)2022 (Local ID)2022 (Archive number)2022 (OAI)
Available from: 2022-04-28 Created: 2022-04-28 Last updated: 2024-01-11Bibliographically approved
Jonsson, H., Piscator, E., Israelsson, J., Lilja, G. & Djaerv, T. (2022). Is frailty associated with long-term survival, neurological function and patient-reported outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest?: - A Swedish cohort study. Resuscitation, 179, 233-242
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Is frailty associated with long-term survival, neurological function and patient-reported outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest?: - A Swedish cohort study
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2022 (English)In: Resuscitation, ISSN 0300-9572, E-ISSN 1873-1570, Vol. 179, p. 233-242Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Frailty is associated with poor 30-days survival after in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA). The aim was to assess how pre-arrest frailty was associated with long-term survival, neurological function and patient-reported outcomes in elderly survivors after IHCA.Methods: Patients aged >= 65 years with IHCA at Karolinska University Hospital between 2013-2021 were studied. Frailty was assessed by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) based on clinical records and categorised into non-frail (1-4) or frail (5-7). Survival was assessed in days. Neurological function was assessed by the Cerebral Performance Category scale (CPC). A telephone interview was performed six months post-IHCA and included the questionnaires EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-5 Levels and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results: Totally, 232 (28%) out of 817 eligible patients survived to 30-days. Out of 232, 65 (28%) were frail. Long-term survival was better for non-frail than frail patients (6 months (92% versus 75%, p-value < 0.01), 3 years (74% vs 22%, p-value < 0.01)). The vast majority of both non-frail and frail patients had unchanged CPC from admittance to discharge from hospital (87% and 85%, respectively, p-value 0.52). The 121 non-frail patients reported better health compared to 27 frail patients (EQ-VAS median 70 versus 50 points, p-value < 0.01) and less symptoms of depression than frail (16% and 52%, respectively, p-value < 0.01).Conclusion: Frail patients suffering IHCA survived with the same neurological function they had at admittance. Although one in five frail patients survived to three years, frailty was associated with a marked decrease in long-term survival as well as increased symptoms of depression and poorer general health.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Elderly, Survival, IHCA, CFS, HADS, EQ-5D-5L
National Category
Nursing Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-117813 (URN)10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.07.013 (DOI)000880404500011 ()35843406 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85135846514 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-12-08 Created: 2022-12-08 Last updated: 2024-01-11Bibliographically approved
Agerström, J., Carlsson, M., Bremer, A., Herlitz, J., Rawshani, A., Årestedt, K. & Israelsson, J. (2022). Treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest: does patient ethnicity matter?. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 21(4), 341-347
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest: does patient ethnicity matter?
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2022 (English)In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 341-347Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aims 

Previous research on racial/ethnic disparities in relation to cardiac arrest has mainly focused on black vs. white disparities in the USA. The great majority of these studies concerns out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The current nationwide registry study aims to explore whether there are ethnic differences in treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), examining possible disparities towards Middle Eastern and African minorities in a European context.

Methods and results

In this retrospective registry study, 24 217 patients from the IHCA part of the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were included. Data on patient ethnicity were obtained from Statistics Sweden. Regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of ethnicity on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delay, CPR duration, survival immediately after CPR, and the medical team’s reported satisfaction with the treatment. Middle Eastern and African patients were not treated significantly different compared to Nordic patients when controlling for hospital, year, age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, aetiology, and initial heart rhythm. Interestingly, we find that Middle Eastern patients were more likely to survive than Nordic patients (odds ratio = 1.52).

Conclusion

Overall, hospital staff do not appear to treat IHCA patients differently based on their ethnicity. Nevertheless, Middle Eastern patients are more likely to survive IHCA.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2022
Keywords
Cardiac arrest, Ethnicity, Disparities, Survival
National Category
Medical Ethics
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106994 (URN)10.1093/eurjcn/zvab079 (DOI)000790204300001 ()34524428 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85131270919 (Scopus ID)2021 (Local ID)2021 (Archive number)2021 (OAI)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2018-00256
Available from: 2021-09-15 Created: 2021-09-15 Last updated: 2024-01-11Bibliographically approved
Hellström, P., Årestedt, K. & Israelsson, J. (2021). A comprehensive description of self-reported health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 29(1), Article ID 122.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A comprehensive description of self-reported health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors
2021 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, E-ISSN 1757-7241, Vol. 29, no 1, article id 122Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

Self-reported health and life satisfaction are considered important outcomes in people surviving cardiac arrest. However, most previous studies have reported limited aspects on health, often based on composite scores, and few studies have focused on life satisfaction. Investigating health aspects with a broad and detailed perspective is important to increase the knowledge of life after cardiac arrest from the perspective of survivors. In addition, the knowledge of potential differences in health among survivors related to place of arrest (in-hospital cardiac arrest; IHCA or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; OHCA) is scarce. The aim was to describe and compare self-reported health and life satisfaction in IHCA and OHCA survivors.

Methods

This observational cross-sectional study included adult cardiac arrest survivors six months after resuscitation, treated at five Swedish hospitals between 2013 and 2018. Participants received a study specific questionnaire including Health Index (HI), EQ-5D 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L), Minimal Insomnia Sleeping Scale (MISS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). In order to present characteristics descriptive statistics were applied. The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fishers' exact test were used to compare differences in self-reported health and life satisfaction between in-hospital- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors

Results

In total, 212 survivors participated. Based on scale scores and general measures, the median scores of health and life satisfaction among survivors were high: HI total = 29, EQ VAS = 80, and SWLS = 20. According to HI, most problems were reported for tiredness (37.3 %) and strength (26.4 %), while pain/discomfort (57.5 %) and anxiety/depression (42.5 %) where most common according to EQ-5D-5L. Except for EQ-5D-5L mobility (p = 0.023), MSPSS significant other (p = 0.036), and MSPSS family (p = 0.043), no health differences in relation to place of arrest were identified.

Conclusions

Although general health and life satisfaction were good among cardiac arrest survivors, several prevalent health problems were reported regardless of place of arrest. To achieve an improved understanding of health in cardiac arrest survivors, it is important to assess specific symptoms as a complement to composite scores of general, physical, emotional, and social health.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2021
Keywords
Cardiac Arrest, Health, Heart arrest, Life satisfaction, Quality of life
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106782 (URN)10.1186/s13049-021-00928-9 (DOI)000687145600001 ()34419126 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85113755171 (Scopus ID)2021 (Local ID)2021 (Archive number)2021 (OAI)
Available from: 2021-09-03 Created: 2021-09-03 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-4772-0067

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