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Prevalence and associated factors for decreased appetite among patients with stable heart failure
Linköping University ; Uppsala University.
Linköping University.
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Linköping University.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0961-5250
2016 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 25, no 11-12, p. 1703-1712Article in journal (Refereed) Published
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Abstract [en]

Aims and objectivesTo explore the prevalence of decreased appetite and factors associated with appetite among patients with stable heart failure.

BackgroundDecreased appetite is an important factor for the development of undernutrition among patients with heart failure, but there are knowledge gaps about prevalence and the factors related to appetite in this patient group.

DesignObservational, cross-sectional study.

MethodsA total of 186 patients with mild to severe heart failure were consecutively recruited from three heart failure outpatient clinics. Data were obtained from medical records (heart failure diagnosis, comorbidity and medical treatment) and self-rated questionnaires (demographics, appetite, self-perceived health, symptoms of depression and sleep). Blood samples were taken to determine myocardial stress and nutrition status. Heart failure symptoms and cognitive function were assessed by clinical examinations. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire was used to assess self-reported appetite. Bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to explore factors associated with appetite.

ResultsSeventy-one patients (38%) experienced a loss of appetite with a significant risk of developing weight loss. The final multiple regression model showed that age, symptoms of depression, insomnia, cognitive function and pharmacological treatment were associated with appetite, explaining 27% of the total variance.

ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study, a large share of patients with heart failure was affected by decreased appetite, associated with demographic, psychosocial and medical factors. Relevance to clinical practiceLoss of appetite is a prevalent problem among patients with heart failure that may lead to undernutrition. Health care professionals should routinely assess appetite and discuss patients' experiences of appetite, nutrition intake and body weight and give appropriate nutritional advice with respect to individual needs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 25, no 11-12, p. 1703-1712
Keywords [en]
age, appetite, cognitive function, depression, heart failure, insomnia, outpatient, pharmacological treatment
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53308DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13220ISI: 000375866200022Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84959387779OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-53308DiVA, id: diva2:935331
Available from: 2016-06-10 Created: 2016-06-10 Last updated: 2017-11-28Bibliographically approved

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Årestedt, Kristofer

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