The chapter contains an analysis of recent debates over irregular migrant’s access to medical care in Sweden. These debates were initiated in the early 2000s in response to political campaigning that sought to secure rights to a group of former asylum seekers that stayed in the country without residence permits. The analysis begins from the assumption that the existence of the group — and the exposure of its precarious circumstances of living — shed light on the boundaries of the welfare state and paved the way for a series of debates over the relationship between membership and entitlement to rights. The analysis, moreover, approaches the exclusion of the irregular migrants as an effect of the current citizenship regime. Citizenship is, both conceptually and practically, marked by a tension between inclusion and exclusion. This tension is, I argue, manifest in the fact that the social rights of the welfare state is reserved for a demarcated community of recognized residents. The paper explores how this linkage between citizenship and access to social rights has been contested through the mobilization of notions of human rights in recent debates in the Swedish parliament. These debates have essentially revolved around whether access to subsidized medical care should be regarded a citizenship right, to be reserved for a demarcated group, or a human right, to be provided to all residents without distinction. The focal point of the analysis is the conceptual component of these struggles and, in particular, the attempts to determine the meaning of the two set of rights.