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Characterization of Flavonoid Compounds in Common Swedish Berry Species
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Sustainable Health. (livsmedelsvetenskap)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8097-3483
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Sustainable Health. Mansoura University, Egypt. (livsmedelsvetenskap)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0550-5828
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Sustainable Health. (livsmedelsvetenskap)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0387-4312
2020 (English)In: Foods, E-ISSN 2304-8158, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 1-13, article id 358Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Berries are considered an ideal source of polyphenols, especially from the flavonoid group. In this study, we examined the flavonoid content in 16 varieties of Swedish lingonberry, raspberry, blueberry, and strawberry. Nineteen flavonoids were simultaneously quantified using external standards. An additional 29 flavonoids were tentatively identified using MS as no standards were available. Quantification was done using HPLC-UV after optimization of chromatographic and extraction procedures. The method showed high linearity within the range of 2–100 µg/mL (correlation co-efficient >0.999), intra- and inter-day precision of 1.7–7.3% and average recovery above 84% for all compounds. Blueberries and lingonberries were found to contain higher contents of flavonoids (1100 mg/100 g dry weight) than raspberries and strawberries (500 mg/100 g dry weight). Anthocyanins were the dominant flavonoids in all berries. The tentatively characterized compounds contribute 18%, 29%, 61%, and 67% of the total flavonoid content in strawberries, lingonberries, raspberries, and blueberries, respectively. Overall, Swedish berries were shown to be good sources of polyphenols.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2020. Vol. 9, no 3, p. 1-13, article id 358
National Category
Food Science
Research subject
Natural Science, Food Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-93494DOI: 10.3390/foods9030358ISI: 000526529800045PubMedID: 32204535Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85082777471OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-93494DiVA, id: diva2:1424084
Available from: 2020-04-16 Created: 2020-04-16 Last updated: 2023-04-20Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Polyphenols in Swedish berries and pulses: Characterization and in vivo effects of fractions from lingonberries and brown beans in an Apoe-/- mouse model
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Polyphenols in Swedish berries and pulses: Characterization and in vivo effects of fractions from lingonberries and brown beans in an Apoe-/- mouse model
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Consumption of berries and pulses can protect against atherosclerosis and other metabolic diseases, by modulating plasma lipid profile, gut microbiota, and microbiota-dependent metabolites. These nutritional benefits are often attributed to high content of polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids) and dietary fiber. In this thesis, methods for quantification of flavonoids in berry and pulse matrices were developed. The methods were used for characterization of polyphenols in Swedish berries and pulses. The nutritional benefits of lingonberries, brown beans, and their polyphenol and fiber fractions, were then investigated in an Apoe-/- mouse model. 

The method developed for flavonoid analysis, based on reversed phase HPLC-UV/MS, and extraction procedures were optimized for the berry and pulse matrices, and used to characterize the flavonoids in four Swedish berry species and polyphenols in eight Swedish pulse species (raw and cooked). The fiber and flavonoid fractions from lingonberries and the fiber fraction from brown beans were isolated and evaluated for their in vivo effects on atherosclerosis, compared with whole lingonberries and brown beans. Lingonberries, brown beans, and the isolated fractions were added to a high-fat diet and fed to Apoe-/- mice for 10.5 weeks, to determine their effects on atherosclerotic plaque amount, plasma lipids, gut microbiota, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and plasma methylamines.

The results showed that the optimized analytical methods were capable of quantifying flavonoids in berries and pulses with high precision and recovery. Swedish berries and pulses were found to be good sources of polyphenols. Hydrothermal processing decreased the polyphenol content in pulses by 50-85%, mainly due to leaching into the processing water. In the study on mice, the whole lingonberry diet resulted in 50% lower atherosclerotic plaque amount, but not positively affect the lipid profile. The lingonberry fiber fraction diet doubled the butyric acid concentration in cecum contents and decreased growth of Akkermansia in gut microbiota. Compared with the high-fat control diet, whole bean and its fiber fraction stimulated growth of Bifidobacterium and formation of cecal SCFAs. The diets with whole bean, its fiber fraction, and the two fractions from lingonberry, but not the diet containing whole lingonberry, resulted in higher plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations in the Apoe-/- mice. 

On comparing the diets, it was concluded that the whole lingonberry, but not the lingonberry flavonoid and fiber fractions, resulted in less atherosclerotic plaques. Whole brown and the bean fiber fraction showed a tendency for less atherosclerotic plaques. The effects on plasma lipids, gut microbiota, and microbiota-dependent metabolites in the Apoe-/- mouse model were mainly caused by flavonoids in the case of lingonberries and by fiber in the case of brown beans.

Abstract [sv]

Konsumtionen av bär och baljväxter har visat sig motverka ateroskleros (åderförkalkning) och andra metabola sjukdomar genom att påverka plasmalipidprofilen, tarmens mikrobiota och mikrobiota-beroende metaboliter. De näringsmässiga fördelarna hos bär och baljväxter tillskrivs ofta det höga innehållet av polyfenoler (flavonoider och fenolsyror) och kostfiber. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utveckla metoder för kvantifiering och karaktärisering av polyfenoler i bär och baljväxter, samt att utvärdera effekten på Apoe-/- möss när de utfordras med en kost berikad med lingon och bruna bönor samt polyfenol- respektive fiberfraktioner från dessa livsmedel.

Metoder för analys av vissa flavonoider baserade på omvänd-fas HPLC-UV-MS anpassades, och extraktionsförfarandena optimerades för bär- och baljväxter. Flavonoiderna i svenska bär (lingon, hallon, blåbär och jordgubbar) karaktäriserades och sammansättningen av både flavonoider och fenolsyror studerades i åtta svenska bönor och ärtor (torkade respektive kokta). Vidare isolerades fiber- och flavonoidfraktionerna från lingon och fiberfraktionen från bruna bönor för att utvärderas - i jämförelse med hela lingon och bruna bönor - beträffande deras effekt in vivo på ateroskleros. Tillsatserna kombinerades med en fettrik kost till Apoe-/- möss i 10,5 veckor för att bestämma deras effekt på aterosklerotisk plackmängd, plasmalipider, tarm-mikrobiota, cekala korta fettsyror (SCFAs), plasmakreatinin och plasmametylaminer.

Resultaten visade att de optimerade analysmetoderna var lämpliga för kvantifiering av polyfenoler i bär och baljväxter med hög precision och högt utbyte. Svenska bär och baljväxter visade sig vara bra källor till polyfenoler. Kokning minskade polyfenolhalten i baljväxter med 50–85 %, främst på grund av urlakning i processvattnet. Data från djurstudien visade att en diet berikad med lingon resulterade i 50% lägre aterosklerotisk plackmängd, men att lipidprofilen inte påverkades. Lingonfiberfraktionen fördubblade halten smörsyra i caecum och minskade tillväxten av Akkermansia i tarm-mikrobiotan. Hela bruna bönor och dess fiberfraktion stimulerade både tillväxten av Bifidobacterium och bildandet av cecal SCFA (korta fettsyror). Alla berikningar, förutom hela lingon, resulterade i förhöjda nivåer av trimetylamin N-oxid (TMAO) i plasma hos Apoe-/-mössen, jämfört med en kontrolldiet utan berikning.

Vid jämförelse av dieterna visade det sig att hela lingon, men inte lingonflavonoidfraktion och fiberfraktion, resulterade i mindre aterosklerotiska plack. Hela bruna bönor och bönfiberfraktionen visade en tendens till mindre aterosklerotiska plack. Effekterna på plasmalipider, tarm-mikrobiota och mikrobiotaberoende metaboliter i Apoe-/- mössen orsakades främst av flavonoider när det gäller lingon och av fibrer när det gäller bruna bönor.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Växjö: Linnaeus University Press, 2021. p. 74
Series
Linnaeus University Dissertations ; 432
Keywords
lingonberry, brown bean, flavonoids, phenolic acids, dietary fiber, HPLC-UV/MS, atherosclerotic plaque, plasma lipid, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, Apoe-/- mice, lingon, bruna bönor, flavonoider, fenolsyror, kostfiber, HPLCUV/ MS, aterosklerotisk plaketter, plasmalipid, tarm-mikrobiota, kortkedjiga fettsyror, trimetylamin N-oxid, Apoe-/- möss
National Category
Food Science
Research subject
Natural Science, Food Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-108786 (URN)9789189460447 (ISBN)9789189460454 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-12-17, Lapis, building Vita, Kalmar, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-01-04 Created: 2022-01-04 Last updated: 2024-03-05Bibliographically approved

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Liu, JiyunHefni, Mohammed E.Witthöft, Cornelia M.

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