lnu.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Comparison of an open view autorefractor with an open view aberrometer in determining peripheral refraction in children
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine and Optometry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9970-3237
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine and Optometry. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Sustainable Health. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Advanced Materials. University of Minho, Portugal.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3436-2010
Flinders University, Australia.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8850-1907
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine and Optometry. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Sustainable Health.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3745-0035
2023 (English)In: Journal of Optometry, ISSN 1888-4296, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 20-29Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Sustainable development
SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Abstract [en]

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare central and peripheral refraction using an open view Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractor and an open view COAS-HD VR aberrometer in young children.

Methods

Cycloplegic central and peripheral autorefraction was measured in the right eye of 123 children aged 8 to 16 years. Three measurements each were obtained with both Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractor and COAS-HD VR aberrometer along the horizontal visual field up to 30° (nasal and temporal) in 10° steps. The refraction from the autorefractor was compared with aberrometer refraction for pupil analysis diameters of 2.5-mm and 5.0-mm.

Results

The Shin-Nippon was 0.30 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 2.5-mm pupil and 0.50 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 5-mm pupil for central refraction. For both pupil sizes, the 95% limits of agreement were approximately 0.50 D for central refraction, and limits were wider in the nasal visual field compared to the temporal visual field. The mean difference for both J0 and J45 were within 0.15 D and the 95% limits of agreement within 0.90 D across the horizontal visual field.

Conclusion

Defocus components were similar between the Shin-Nippon autorefractor and the COAS-HD VR aberrometer with a 2.5-mm pupil for most visual field angles. However, there was a significant difference in defocus component between the Shin-Nippon autorefractor and the COAS-HD VR aberrometer with a 5.0-mm pupil, wherein the autorefractor measured more hyperopia. The astigmatic components J0 and J45 were similar between instruments for both central and peripheral refraction.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 16, no 1, p. 20-29
National Category
Ophthalmology
Research subject
Natural Science, Optometry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-109244DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.12.002ISI: 000917490300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85122570954OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-109244DiVA, id: diva2:1628260
Available from: 2022-01-14 Created: 2022-01-14 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Prevalence of refractive errors and incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Prevalence of refractive errors and incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Purpose

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia development in a cohort of Swedish schoolchildren. The specific goals were: - to recruit a cohort of children aged 8 to 16 years and to follow the cohort over a period of 24 months with regular study visits; - to investigate the predictive value of relative peripheral error and other optical parameters for the prevalence and incidence of myopia; - to determine and investigate the predictive value of genetic and environmental factors, and structural characteristics of the eye to the incidence of myopia.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study with a follow-up period of 2-years conducted at Linnaeus University in Kalmar. All participants underwent eye examinations and completed questionnaires at regular intervals during the follow-up period. Data analysis was performed assuming hypotheses such as: - myopia development is associated with genetic factors and environmental factors (Papers I and IV); - changes in refractive error over time are explained by multiple genetic and environmental factors (Paper IV) - instruments with different measurement principles can lead to different refraction results (Paper II); - there is a relationship between refractive error and the characteristics of the choroid (Exploratory study, not published) and the characteristics of the microvasculature of the retina (Paper III).

Results

A total of 128 children (70 females and 58 males) participated in this study with mean age of 12.0 years (SD=2.4). Paper I: based on cycloplegic SER of the right eye, the distribution of refractive errors was: hyperopia 48.0% (CI95=38.8-56.7), emmetropia 42.0% (CI95=33.5-51.2) and myopia 10.0%. (CI95=4.4-14.9). Participants with two myopic parents had higher myopia and increased axial length than those with one or no myopic parents. Paper II: The Shin-Nippon was 0.30 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 2.5-mm pupil and 0.50 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 5-mm pupil for central refraction. Paper III: The sample included 86 out of the 128 participants, 51 (59%) females. The area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) was correlated with central vessel density, perfusion, foveal thickness and with fovea-to-macula thickness ratio. Paper IV: The cumulative incidence of myopia during the two-years was 5.5%, incidence rate of myopia was 3.2 cases per 100 person-years. Cox regression revealed that the probability of myopic shift reduced with “age” and increased with “axial length/corneal-curvature ratio”. Myopic children at the baseline and children with two myopic parents showed a significant faster-paced SER change over time.

Conclusion

The prevalence and incidence of myopia in Sweden was lower than expected when compared with countries in East Asia. Genetic factors such as parental myopia remains a critical factor to consider when predicting myopia onset and progression. Children born full-term and visual acuity within the normal range can have very different retinal microvasculature at the centre of the macula that may influence refractive error development. Future studies are necessary to find out possible relationships between vasculature, structural changes and refractive error development. In addition, more studies involving children from different ethnicities and incorporating longer follow-up period are necessary to increase our understanding of the incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren.

Abstract [sv]

Syfte

Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka prevalensen, incidensen och riskfaktorer för myopiutveckling hos svenska skolbarn. De specifika målen var att (1) rekrytera barn i åldrarna 8 till 16 år och följa de under en 24 månaders period med regelbundna studiebesök, (2) att undersöka det prediktiva värdet för det relativa perifera synfelet och andra optiska parametrar för prevalensen och incidensen av myopi, (3) att avgöra och undersöka det prediktiva värdet för genetiska och miljömässiga faktorer, samt ögats strukturella egenskaper hos ögat i förhållande till incidensen av myopi.

Metoder

Detta var en longitudinell studie med en uppföljningstid på 2 år och genomfördes vid Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar. Under uppföljningstiden genomgick alla deltagare synundersökningar och fyllde i frågeformulär med jämna mellanrum. Dataanalys utfördes med antagande av hypoteser som: (1) myopiutveckling är associerad med genetiska faktorer och miljöfaktorer (Artikel I och IV), (2) förändringar av synfel som sker över tid förklaras av flera genetiska och miljömässiga faktorer (Artikel IV), (3) instrument med olika mätprinciper kan leda till olika refraktionsresultat (Artikel II), det finns ett samband mellan synfel och åderhinnans egenskaper (explanativ studie, ej publicerad) samt (4) ett samband mellan synfel och egenskaperna hos näthinnans mikrovaskulatur (Artikel III).

Resultat

Totalt deltog 128 barn (70 flickor och 58 pojkar) i denna studie med en medelålder på 12,0 år (SD=2,4). Artikel I: Baserat på höger ögats cykloplegiska sfäriska ekvivalent refraktion (SER) var fördelningen av synfel: hyperopi 48,0% (CI95=38,8–56,7), emmetropi 42,0% (CI95=33,5–51,2) och myopi 10,0% (CI95=4,4–14,9). Deltagare med två myopa föräldrar hade högre myopi och ökad axiallängd jämfört med de som hade en eller inga myopa föräldrar. Artikel II: Shin-Nippon visade 0,30 D mer hyperopi än COAS-HD VR med 2,5 mm pupilldiameter och 0,50 D mer hyperopi än COAS-HD VR med 5 mm pupilldiameter för centrala refraktionen. Artikel III: Urvalet bestod av 86 av de 128 deltagande, 51 (59 %) flickor. Arean av den foveala avaskulära zonen (AFAZ) korrelerades med central kärldensitet, perfusion, foveal tjocklek och med fovea-till-makula tjockleksförhållande. Artikel IV: Under de två åren var den kumulativa incidensen av myopi 5,5 %, incidensfrekvensen av myopi 3,2 fall per 100 personår. Cox-regression visade att sannolikheten för att en myopisk förändring ska ske minskade med "åldern" och ökade med "axiell längd/korneal-krökningsförhållande". Myopa barn vid studiens start och barn med två myopa föräldrar visade en signifikant snabbare SER-förändring över tiden.

Slutsats

Prevalensen och incidensen av myopi var lägre än förväntat i Sverige jämfört med länder i Östasien. Genetiska faktorer som myopi hos föräldrar är fortfarande en kritisk faktor att ta hänsyn till när man förutsäger debut och progression av myopi. Barn som är fullgångna och har en synskärpa inom normalområdet kan ha mycket varierande retinal mikrovaskulatur i makula som sin tur kan påverka utvecklingen av synfel. Framtida studier är nödvändiga för att ta reda på möjliga samband mellan vaskulatur, strukturella förändringar och utveckling av synfel. Dessutom är fler studier som involverar barn från olika etniciteter och som inkluderar längre uppföljningsperiod nödvändiga för att öka vår förståelse och kunskap för förekomsten av myopi hos svenska skolbarn

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Växjö: Linnaeus University Press, 2022. p. 172
Series
Linnaeus University Dissertations ; 457
Keywords
Refractive error, myopia, prevalence, incidence, risk factors, children, fovea, macula, autorefractor, aberrometer, synfel, refraktion, myopi, barn, prevalens, incidens, riskfaktorer, fovea, makula, autorefractor, aberrometer
National Category
Ophthalmology
Research subject
Natural Science, Optometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-115701 (URN)9789189709218 (ISBN)9789189709225 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-09-02, Room Lapis, Hus Vita, Kalmar and via zoom, Pedalstråket 11, 392 31 Kalmar, Kalmar, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-08-12 Created: 2022-08-09 Last updated: 2025-03-06Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(1144 kB)341 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 1144 kBChecksum SHA-512
ff3d945dc790d351ff0cc0323c10c4412c4262fe2b3b6e61ad6fc84297353eb0b7fefbd709763ec5142c623ab117fa2335c1e8adb44313e8a28d3bfc65300298
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Demir, PelsinMacedo, António FilipeBaskaran, Karthikeyan

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Demir, PelsinMacedo, António FilipeChakraborty, RanjayBaskaran, Karthikeyan
By organisation
Department of Medicine and OptometrySustainable HealthAdvanced Materials
In the same journal
Journal of Optometry
Ophthalmology

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 343 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 472 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf