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Regeneration patterns of native and introduced oak species in Sweden: Investigating the roles of latitude, age, and environmental gradients
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Water. Linköping University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8022-5004
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9556-1235
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Green Sustainable Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3145-1475
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9598-7618
2024 (English)In: Forest Ecology and Management, ISSN 0378-1127, E-ISSN 1872-7042, Vol. 561, article id 121871Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Oak species worldwide face substantial challenges in natural recruitment, significantly affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Oaks are a keystone species in northern temperate zones, influencing ecosystem dynamics. This study analysed oak regeneration patterns from 29 oak stands ( Quercus spp.) across southern Sweden up to the species ' northern range limit. The study focused on two native species, Q. robur and Q. petraea , and one introduced species, Q. rubra , used in Swedish forestry. We aimed to evaluate whether and how oak regeneration was i) associated with latitude, ii) influenced by ground moisture and nitrogen levels, and iii) correlated with stand age, as well as to iv) compare regeneration rates among the species. Contrary to the hypothesis that oak regeneration should decline towards the range margin, our results did not indicate any latitudinal association. This finding raises the possibility of a future northward range expansion for oaks. We also observed that oak regeneration was positively correlated with stand age, while increasing nitrogen and ground moisture levels were inversely related to regeneration. The positive age-dependent effect on recruitment also indicates that species recruitment dynamics within forests may be modified via age-dependent effects within the tree community, with implications for forestry and conservation management. Notably, the natural regeneration of the introduced Q. rubra indicates its successful adaptation to Swedish climate and forests. This study represents Sweden 's first large-scale analysis of oak regeneration across multiple oak species. Future research should prioritise longitudinal monitoring, particularly at the northern range limits, and further investigate the expansion of the potentially invasive Q. rubra .

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024. Vol. 561, article id 121871
Keywords [en]
Oak regeneration, Stand age, Environmental indicators, Quercus, Geographic latitude, Sweden, Biodiversity, Ecosystem services, Exotic species
National Category
Ecology Forest Science
Research subject
Natural Science, Ecology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-130408DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2024.121871ISI: 001224675700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85189751017OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-130408DiVA, id: diva2:1870232
Available from: 2024-06-14 Created: 2024-06-14 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved

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Franzén, MarkusHall, MarcusSunde, JohannaForsman, Anders

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