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Enhancing Middle-School Students’ Textual Expression: The Complementary Role of Speech-to-Text Technology
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7944-295X
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3829-4169
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2608-6204
2025 (English)In: Reading & Writing Quarterly, ISSN 1057-3569, E-ISSN 1521-0693, Vol. 41, no 2, p. 160-175Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Literature on the impact of speech-to-text (STT) technology on text production is limited, with a predominant focus on students with learning disabilities. The widespread availability of STT suggests its potential integration into regular teaching practices; however, this remains understudied. The present study explored two conditions of narrative text production—STT and keyboarding—using a counterbalanced within-group design to measure text productivity, vocabulary, and sentence construction. Eighty-one middle-school students (Grades 4 and 5), typically from regular classrooms, participated in the study. The results revealed that students produced longer texts and in less time with STT than with keyboarding, and they used more diverse vocabulary. Sentence structures revealed an increase in punctuation and sentence length with STT. The text-based measurements were positively correlated; for instance, if students produced longer texts using the keyboard, they did so similarly with STT. In conclusion, young students can benefit from STT as a complement to traditional transcription, developing their narrative textual expression and reflective skills in knowledge acquisition. The implications of these results are discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2025. Vol. 41, no 2, p. 160-175
National Category
Didactics
Research subject
Education, Didactics; Social Sciences, Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-132527DOI: 10.1080/10573569.2024.2398447ISI: 001311928000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85204018575OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-132527DiVA, id: diva2:1897805
Available from: 2024-09-16 Created: 2024-09-16 Last updated: 2025-04-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Förebygga, överbrygga, utveckla: Tal-till-text och dess potential att främja elevers textproduktion i grundskolan
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Förebygga, överbrygga, utveckla: Tal-till-text och dess potential att främja elevers textproduktion i grundskolan
2024 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Förmåga att formulera sig i text har betydelse för måluppfyllelse i skolan och elevers framtida delaktighet i samhället. Skrivande och läsning är integrerade processer, där läsning kan förbättra textens sammanhang och tydlighet. En betydande andel elever möter dock utmaningar i grundskolan på grund av läs- och skrivsvårigheter eller dyslexi. Emellertid är assisterande teknik (AT) tillgänglig i exempelvis ordbehandlingsprogram och kan stödja elevers textproduktion. Tal-till-text innebär diktering av skriftspråk, medan talsyntes möjliggör lyssning på text. Denna avhandling inom psykologi undersökte effekten av AT på elevers textproduktion. Avhandlingen fokuserade också på strategier för introduktion av tal-till-text, elevers erfarenheter av AT, samt teknikens potentiella kompletterande roll i skolors undervisning i textproduktion.

Avhandlingens fyra studier omfattar 202 elever, huvudsakligen i åldrarna 9–12 år. Studierna I-III inkluderade elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter eller dyslexi, medan studie IV inkluderade elever med varierade läs- och skrivfärdigheter. Studie I, en randomiserad kontrollerad studie, undersökte främst effekten av en AT-intervention på läsförmåga och förmåga att lyssna på text. En uppföljning, studie II, genomfördes fem år senare. Denna studie bestod av en kvalitativ tematisk analys av intervjuer med ett urval av deltagarna från Studie I. Syftet var att beskriva deras erfarenheter av AT i skolan. Studie III tillämpade en multiple-baseline single-case-design för att undersöka effekterna av en praxisbaserad AT-intervention på textproduktion, inklusive elevers hantering av tekniken. I Studie IV, en repeated-measures group-design, jämfördes tal-till-text med tangentbordsskrivning.

Resultaten visar att tal-till-text kan stödja textproduktion hos elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter eller dyslexi. Individuella variationer i utfallet kräver anpassat stöd. För mellanstadieelever indikerar resultaten fördelar såsom förbättrad textlängd, korrekthet och skriftspråklig variation. Talsyntes kan underlätta effektiv granskning och redigering av text. Elevernas erfarenheterav AT belyser både möjligheter och utmaningar i skolan. Dessa erfarenheter inkluderar skolans stöd, elevernas perspektiv på AT och dyslexi, samt deras användning av AT under skolgången.

Taligenkänningsfel och optimal användning av AT i skolmiljön behöver adresseras för att förebygga svårigheter i dess tillämpning. Detta tillvägagångssätt underlättar användningen av tal-till-text i syfte att överbrygga hinder och stimulera elevers utveckling i textproduktion.

Resultaten diskuteras mot bakgrund av kognitiv teori för textproduktion samt AT-teori, med praktiska implikationer för skolan och framtida forskning.

Abstract [en]

Textual expression is essential for academic achievement and future societal participation. Writing and reading are integrated processes, with reading improving textual coherence and clarity. A substantial proportion of students face challenges in compulsory school due to reading and writing difficulties or dyslexia. However, assistive technology (AT) is available in wordprocessing programs and may support many students' text production. Speech-to-text involves dictation, while text-to-speech enables listening to text. This dissertation in psychology examined AT's effect on students' text production.It also focused on strategies for introducing speech-to-text, students' experiences of AT, and the potential complementary role of this technology in schools' instruction of text production.

The dissertation comprises four studies involving 202 students, mainly aged 9–12 years. Studies I-III included students with reading and writing difficulties, or dyslexia, while Study IV included students with varied skills.Study I, a randomized controlled trial, investigated an AT intervention's effect mainly on reading skills and listening comprehension. A follow-up, Study II, was conducted five years later. This study comprised a qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with a subset of participants from Study I. The aim was to describe their experiences with AT in the school setting. Study III used a multiple-baseline single-case design to explore a practice-based AT intervention's effects on text production. Study IV compared speech-to-text with keyboarding using a repeated-measures group design.

Results demonstrate that speech-to-text can support text production among students with reading and writing difficulties or dyslexia. Individual variations in outcomes necessitate tailored support. For students of these ages, results indicate improvements in text length, accuracy, and vocabulary diversity.Text-to-speech can aid in effective re-reading and editing of text. Students' experiences with AT highlight both opportunities and challenges in school.These experiences encompass the school's support, students' perspectives on AT and dyslexia, and their utilization of AT during their school years.

Addressing speech recognition errors and optimizing AT use in the school environment is essential to prevent difficulties in its application. This approach facilitates employing speech-to-text for compensatory and remediating purposes in students' text production development.

Results are discussed in the context of cognitive theory of text production and AT theory, incorporating practical implications for schools and future research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Växjö: Linnaeus University Press, 2024. p. 91
Series
Linnaeus University Dissertations ; 536
Keywords
Text Production, Assistive Technology, Speech-to-Text, Text-to- Speech, Interventions, Strategies, Student Experiences, Writing Difficulties, Dyslexia, Accessible Education, Textproduktion, Assisterande teknik, Tal-till-text, Talsyntes, Interventioner, Strategier, Eleverfarenheter, Skrivsvårigheter, Dyslexi, Tillgänglig utbildning
National Category
Applied Psychology Pedagogy
Research subject
Social Sciences, Psychology; Education, Special Education
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-132465 (URN)10.15626/LUD.536.2024 (DOI)9789180821872 (ISBN)9789180821889 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-09-06, Weber, Växjö, 13:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-09-12 Created: 2024-09-12 Last updated: 2025-03-19Bibliographically approved

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Almgren Bäck, GunillaNordström, ThomasSvensson, Idor

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