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Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity and ecosystem services in protected and non-protected oak forest areas can inform climate smart conservation
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Water. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9598-7618
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Green Sustainable Development. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3145-1475
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7724-4984
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Linköping University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8022-5004
2024 (English)In: Geography and Sustainability, ISSN 2096-7438, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 647-659Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity, sustainable production, and recreation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area protection are modulated by climate change and redistribution of species. To investigate this, we compare biodiversity of plants (assessed using vegetation plots) and arthropods (collected with Malaise traps, analyzed using metabarcoding) and productivity (tree growth, determined using dendrochronology) in protected and non-protected oak ( Quercus spp.) forests along a latitudinal gradient (55.6 degrees N- 60.8 degrees N) in Sweden. We also compare historical, recent and projected future climate in the region. In contrast to established global latitudinal diversity gradients, species richness of plants and arthropods increased northwards, possibly reflecting recent climate-induced community redistributions, but neither was higher in protected than in non-protected areas, nor associated with contemporary ground temperature. Species composition of arthropods also did not differ between protected and non-protected areas. Arthropod biomass increased with latitude, suggesting that the magnitude of cascading effects mediated via their roles as pollinators, herbivores, and prey for other trophic levels, varies geographically and will change with a moving climate. Annual growth rate of oaks (an ecosystem service in the form of biomass increase and carbon sequestration) was independent of latitude and did not differ between protected and non-protected areas. Our findings question the efficacy of contemporary designation and management of protected oak forests, and emphasize that development and implementation of modified climate smart conservation strategies is needed to safeguard ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and recreational values of protected forest areas against future challenges.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024. Vol. 5, no 4, p. 647-659
Keywords [en]
Biological diversity, Conservation biology, Decision making, Forest ecosystems, Global warming, Species-richness gradients
National Category
Ecology
Research subject
Natural Science, Ecology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-133255DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2024.09.002ISI: 001334592500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85206112886OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-133255DiVA, id: diva2:1911427
Available from: 2024-11-07 Created: 2024-11-07 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved

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Forsman, AndersSunde, JohannaSalis, Romana K.Franzén, Markus

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