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Persistent hazardous waste and the quest towards a circular economy: the example of arsenic in Chromated Copper Arsenate-treated wood
Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
Statistics Sweden.
Vattenfall Heat.
Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
2017 (Engelska)Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology, ISSN 1088-1980, E-ISSN 1530-9290, Vol. 21, nr 3, s. 689-699Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

The importance of a circular economy is today widely accepted and advocated, but among the challenges in achieving this, we find difficulties in the implementation of legislation and policies designed to control various waste streams from society. The example used in this article is wood that has been treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), which, in Sweden, has been covered by the rules for hazardous waste since 2002. One year later, in 2003, a survey showed that only 42% to 50% of the expected amount of CCA waste could be traced to the public waste management system. An updated material flow analysis for 2010 revealed that the figure had increased to 73%, whereas the fraction of correctly treated CCA wood waste had increased from 11% to 35%. However, almost one third of the expected volume was still not tracable, and half of the amount that was correctly submitted was incinerated together with nontoxic waste fractions. This results in, for example, arsenic contamination of slag and fly ashes that prevents the further use of these residue products. So, despite legislative instruments, there is still an urgent need for an improved collection of hazardous wood waste, as well as better routines for identifying hazardous flows and separating them from nonhazardous ones. For a circular economy to be achievable, a key priority should be to reduce the gap between intended directions and legislation, on one hand, and activities in practice on the other.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Wiley-Blackwell, 2017. Vol. 21, nr 3, s. 689-699
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap
Forskningsämne
Naturvetenskap, Miljövetenskap
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46808DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12516ISI: 000405315600021Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85020645545OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-46808DiVA, id: diva2:862188
Tillgänglig från: 2015-10-20 Skapad: 2015-10-20 Senast uppdaterad: 2019-08-29Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Diffuse emissions from goods: influences on some societal end products
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Diffuse emissions from goods: influences on some societal end products
2015 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

End products of society (e.g. sewage sludge and incineration ashes) can be used as indicators of the use of chemicals in consumer goods. Through upstream work the sources of substances released from goods may be identified before the emissions reach the end products.

This thesis is a result of five studies, of which four were conducted using substance flow analyses (SFA) for silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi) and copper (Cu) reaching sewage sludge. The fifth is an SFA that explores the implications of the presence of As (from CCA-treated wood) in ashes. These studies helped fulfil the specific and overall aims of the thesis; to contribute to the general knowledge on diffuse emissions reflected in end products, by examining emissions of some heavy metals from various societal goods and the implications for end products, in this case sewage sludge and, to some extent, ashes.

The results from the studies, of which four had Stockholm as a study object, show the urban flows and accumulated amounts (stocks) of the heavy metals. The largest sources of the metals Ag, Bi and Cu in sewage sludge were identified to be textiles (Ag), cosmetics (Bi) and brake linings (Cu). For As (in CCA-treated wood) and Cu updated SFAs were performed and compared with earlier studies in order to follow the development and changes in flows over time.

The current use of the heavy metals studied can also be seen as a loss of resources, and as the metals should ideally be recovered as a part of a circular economy, urban and landfill mining as well as recycling are alternatives that need further exploring. The legislation of chemicals in consumer goods was identified as an important step in handling corresponding diffuse emissions.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Växjö: Linnaeus University Press, 2015. s. 166
Serie
Linnaeus University Dissertations ; 229
Nyckelord
Arsenic, bismuth, CCA-treated wood, copper, material flow analysis, silver, substance flow analysis, urban flows
Nationell ämneskategori
Miljövetenskap
Forskningsämne
Naturvetenskap, Miljövetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46805 (URN)9789187925801 (ISBN)
Disputation
2015-11-06, Fullriggaren, Landgången 4, Kalmar, 09:30 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2015-10-21 Skapad: 2015-10-20 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-02-08Bibliografiskt granskad

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Augustsson, AnnaAmneklev, Jennie

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