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How Does Sampling Methodology Influence Molecular Detection and Isolation Success in Influenza A Virus Field Studies?
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. Univ Georgia, USA.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9616-2693
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS)
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS)
Uppsala University.
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2016 (English)In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 0099-2240, E-ISSN 1098-5336, Vol. 82, no 4, p. 1147-1153Article in journal (Refereed) Published
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Abstract [en]

Wild waterfowl are important reservoir hosts for influenza A virus (IAV) and a potential source of spillover infections in other hosts, including poultry and swine. The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, such as H5N1 and H5N8, and subsequent spread along migratory flyways prompted the initiation of several programs in Europe, North America, and Africa to monitor circulation of HPAI and low-pathogenicity precursor viruses (low-pathogenicity avian influenza [LPAI] viruses). Given the costs of maintaining such programs, it is essential to establish best practice for field methodologies to provide robust data for epidemiological interpretation. Here, we use long-term surveillance data from a single site to evaluate the influence of a number of parameters on virus detection and isolation of LPAI viruses. A total of 26,586 samples (oropharyngeal, fecal, and cloacal) collected from wild mallards were screened by real-time PCR, and positive samples were subjected to isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. The LPAI virus detection rate was influenced by the sample type: cloacal/fecal samples showed a consistently higher detection rate and lower cycle threshold (Ct) value than oropharyngeal samples. Molecular detection was more sensitive than isolation, and virus isolation success was proportional to the number of RNA copies in the sample. Interestingly, for a given Ct value, the isolation success was lower in samples from adult birds than in those from juveniles. Comparing the results of specific real-time reverse transcriptase (RRT)-PCRs and of isolation, it was clear that coinfections were common in the investigated birds. The effects of sample type and detection methods warrant some caution in interpretation of the surveillance data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 82, no 4, p. 1147-1153
National Category
Microbiology
Research subject
Natural Science, Microbiology; Natural Science, Zoonotic Ecology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49927DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03283-15ISI: 000369375900017Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84957916893OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-49927DiVA, id: diva2:907281
Available from: 2016-02-26 Created: 2016-02-26 Last updated: 2020-06-05Bibliographically approved

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Latorre-Margalef, NeusAvril, AlexisTolf, ConnyWaldenström, Jonas

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