Industry strives towards developing and implementing digitalised and automated production process, Industry 4.0. This states hard terms and conditions to develop new concept-based maintenance to meet the new production process demands. Intelligent and automated condition-based maintenance (CBM) exempli-fied in vibration-based maintenance (VBM) is one of the most suitable techniques for developing a maintenance concept fulfilling the demands stated by Industry 4.0. In this paper, we identified today´s VBM-process activities and their applica-tion, and introduced and discussed their status. In addition, we developed a model that describes future VBM, Cognitive VBM. Then, we compared cognitive VBM with the currently available VBM. The major conclusions are the potential benefit of applying Cognitive VBM is the continuous enhancement of company internal effectiveness in a cost-effective way.