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Thiamin (vitamin B1) content in phytoplankton and zooplankton in the presence of filamentous cyanobacteria
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS;MPEA;zooplankton ecology)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4871-7441
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS;MPEA)
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS;MPEA)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7155-3604
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science. (Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS;MPEA;zooplankton ecology)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3740-5998
2018 (English)In: Limnology and Oceanography, ISSN 0024-3590, E-ISSN 1939-5590, Vol. 63, no 6, p. 2423-2435Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Top predators in several aquatic food webs regularly display elevated reproductive failure, caused by thiamin(vitamin B1)deficiency. The reasons for these low-thiamin levels are not understood and information about the transfer of thiamin from the producers (bacteria and phytoplankton) to higher trophic levels is limited. One main concern is whether cyanobacterial blooms could negatively affect thiamin transfer in aquatic systems. Laboratory experiments with Baltic Sea plankton communities and single phytoplankton species were used to study the effect of filamentous cyanobacteria on the transfer of thiamin from phytoplankton to zooplankton. Experiments showed that the thiamin content in copepods was reduced when exposed to elevated levels of cyanobacteria, although filamentous cyanobacteria had higher levels of thiamin than any other analyzed phytoplankton species. Filamentous cyanobacteria also had a negative effect on copepod egg production despite high concentrations of non-cyanobacterial food. Phytoplankton species composition affected overall thiamin concentration with relatively more thiamin available for transfer when the relative abundance of Dinophyceae was higher. Finally, phytoplankton thiamin levels were lower when copepods were abundant, indicating that grazers affect thiamin levels in phytoplankton community, likely by selective feeding. Overall, high levels of thiamin in phytoplankton communities are not reflected in the copepod community. We conclude that presence of filamentous cyanobacteria during summer potentially reduces the transfer of thiamin to higher trophic levels by negatively affecting phytoplankton and copepod thiamin content as well as copepod reproduction, thereby lowering the absolute capacity of the food web to transfer thiamin through copepods to higher trophic levels.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2018. Vol. 63, no 6, p. 2423-2435
Keywords [en]
Acartia sp., Baltic Sea, community composition, trophic transfer, micronutrient, copepod
National Category
Ecology
Research subject
Ecology, Aquatic Ecology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77174DOI: 10.1002/lno.10949ISI: 000450233300009Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85050456969OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-77174DiVA, id: diva2:1239573
Projects
EcoChangeCentre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems - EEMiS
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 215-2012-1319Ecosystem dynamics in the Baltic Sea in a changing climate perspective - ECOCHANGECarl Tryggers foundation The Royal Swedish Academy of SciencesAvailable from: 2018-08-17 Created: 2018-08-17 Last updated: 2023-08-31Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Thiamin (vitamin B1) in the aquatic food web
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thiamin (vitamin B1) in the aquatic food web
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Thiamin (vitamin B1) is required for several life-sustaining processes in most organisms and cells, e.g. in the conversion of food to energy. It also serves as an antioxidant and is important for proper nerve signaling. Thiamin is produced predominantly by bacteria and phytoplankton in the aquatic food web. Not all bacteria and phytoplankton, nor any organisms in higher trophic levels can produce thiamin; instead, they rely on a continuous external supply and uptake of this essential compound. Thiamin deficiencies occur episodically in a wide range of taxa, especially in higher trophic levels. In the Baltic Sea, thiamin deficiencies has been most pronounced in salmon (Salmo salar) and recently deficiencies are also reported for other fish species and birds.

This thesis focuses on thiamin dynamics in lower trophic levels, covering primary producers as well as primary consumers, as this topic has not received much attention previously. Thiamin content of common phytoplankton and zooplankton species and the transfer between them was investigated in experiments and field studies. The relationship between thiamin deficiency and underlying environmental factors was also investigated using monitoring data.

Thiamin content differed among phytoplankton classes, species and even strains. Filamentous Cyanophyceae had considerably higher thiamin content than other classes. However, thiamin transfer to copepods was lower, probably associated with difficulties ingesting the filaments. Moreover, thiamin content in seston varied seasonally, being highest during summer when both Prymnesiophyceae and filamentous Cyanophyceae were more abundant. Thiamin content in the two size fractions correlated strongly and was always higher in the smaller size fraction, illustrating the importance of picoplankton and bacteria in the food web. Also, seston thiamin content was higher in the Baltic Proper than in the Skagerrak. Copepods differed in thiamin content among genera, as well as between locations. Acartia sp. had the highest thiamin content and copepods from the Skagerrak had higher levels than congeners from the Baltic Sea. Thiamin deficiency syndromes in salmon was associated with changes in all trophic levels, as well as changes in several abiotic variables.

In all, this thesis provides new insights on thiamin content and seasonal dynamics in various phytoplankton and zooplankton species, the transfer of this vitamin between trophic levels as well as the overall importance of thiamin in the aquatic food web.

Abstract [sv]

Tiamin (vitamin B1) är nödvändigt för flera livsuppehållande processer i cellerna hos det stora flertalet organismer, t.ex. vid omvandling av näring till energi. Vitaminet fungerar också som en antioxidant och är viktigt för korrekt nervfunktion. I den akvatiska födoväven produceras tiamin i första hand av bakterier och växtplankton. Dock inte av alla bakterier och växtplankton, utan dem, liksom organismer från högre trofiska nivåer, måste förlita sig på kontinuerlig tillgång samt upptag av detta livsviktiga ämne. Perioder av tiaminbrist har observerats i flera olika djurgrupper, speciellt i högre trofiska nivåer. I Östersjön har tiaminbrist varit mest utbrett i lax (Salmo salar) och har på senare tid även rapporterats för andra fiskarter och fåglar.

Denna avhandling fokuserar på dynamiken av tiamin i lägre trofiska nivåer, såsom primärproducenter men även primärkonsumenter eftersom den största delen av tidigare forskning fokuserat på de högre trofiska nivåerna. Tiamininnehållet i vanligt förekommande växt- och djurplankton samt överföringen av tiamin mellan de trofiska nivåerna har undersökts i både experiment och fältstudier. Sambandet mellan tiaminbrist och underliggande miljöfaktorer har även undersökts genom att flerårig övervakningsdata analyserats.

Tiaminnivåerna skiljde sig åt mellan olika växtplanktonklasser, mellan arter och även mellan olika isolat av samma art. Filamentösa (trådformiga) cyanobakterier hade betydligt högre tiamininnehåll än övriga växtplankton. Dock var överföringen av tiamin lägre från cyanobakterier till djurplankton jämfört med andra arter, förmodligen på grund av svårigheter att konsumera filamenten. I övrigt så varierade partikulärt bundet tiamin (s.k. seston) säsongsmässigt och var högst under sommaren när både Prymnesiophyceae och filamentösa cyanobakterier utgjorde en stor del av växtplanktonsamhället. Det var en stark korrelation mellan tiaminnivåerna i de två olika storleksfraktionerna av seston och det var alltid högre koncentrationer i den mindre fraktionen, vilket visar vikten av piko-plankton och bakterier i dynamiken av tiamin i den akvatiska födoväven. Seston från Östersjön hade också högre tiamininnehåll än seston från Skagerrak. Tiaminnivåerna i djurplankton skiljde sig åt mellan olika grupper och även mellan platser. Acartia sp. hade högst nivåer av tiamin och hoppkräftor från Skagerrak hade högre nivåer än individer från Östersjön. Slutligen visade analysen att utbrotten av tiaminbrist i lax var relaterade till flera abiotiska faktorer samt förändringar i samtliga trofiska nivåer.

Denna avhandling ger nya insikter kring koncentrationer och säsongsmässig dynamik av tiamin i olika växt- och djurplanktonarter, överföringen av detta vitamin mellan olika trofiska nivåer, samt betydelsen av tiamin i den akvatiska födoväven.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Växjö: Linnaeus University Press, 2019. p. 165
Series
Linnaeus University Dissertations ; 368
Keywords
phytoplankton, zooplankton, thiamin, transfer, food web dynamics, micronutrient, vitamin, Baltic Sea, community composition, M74, salmon, B1, växtplankton, djurplankton, tiamin, överföring, födoväv, mikronäringsämne, vitamin, Östersjön, B1, lax
National Category
Ecology
Research subject
Natural Science, Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90123 (URN)978-91-89081-12-3 (ISBN)978-91-89081-13-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-12-06, Fullriggaren (Ma135), Kalmar, 09:30 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2019-11-17 Created: 2019-11-15 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved

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Fridolfsson, EmilLindehoff, ElinLegrand, CatherineHylander, Samuel

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