This chapter explores the connections between mortuary ritual and anxiety as a psychological response to death. Focus is placed on understanding the ritual response itself, both as practice and as an outlet for anxiety generated by the ambiguous threat of the unknown and uncontrollable, i.e., death. The chapter examines to what extent we are able to trace the presence of anxiety in the archaeological remains of mortuary rituals among the Mesolithic hunters and gatherers around the Baltic Sea. The work builds on an archaeothanatologically based reconstruction of the ritual practices of the treatment of the dead human bodies, combined with an explicit consideration of psychological theories of anxiety. By drawing on theories from ritual studies, which view these practices as central social and cultural phenomena, and from psychology, where ritual behaviors are commonly associated with anxiety, the study identifies ways to access the emotional state of anxiety through archaeological sources.