Three important strategic challenges face future HR work: (i) HR departments should deploy a properly informed and critical attitude towards current trends and conditions, (ii) HR departments should deploy a relational and holistic perspective with respect to the work that they perform, and (iii) HR departments should deploy a positive view of other human beings and an ethical stance towards the work that they perform. The chapter ends with a discussion of the particular competencies that HR specialists need to develop so as to successfully meet the challenges described.