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Gender differences in marital violence: a cross-ethnic study among Bengali, Garo, and Santal communities in rural Bangladesh
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Univ Rajshahi, Bangladesh.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6293-7101
Univ Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Univ Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Univ Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
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2021 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, no 5, article id e0251574Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Sustainable development
SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, SDG 10: Reduce income inequality within and among countries, SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere, SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Abstract [en]

Studies on marital violence (MV) in Bangladesh have primarily focused on the women of the mainstream Bengali people, although half of the population is men, and there are also ethnic minority communities with diverse gender constructions. The current study examined the gender differences in MV among the matrilineal ethnic minority Garo, patrilineal ethnic minority Santal, and the patrilineal mainstream Bengali communities in rural Bangladesh. Adopting a cross-sectional design, we randomly included 1,929 currently married men and women from 24 villages. We used cross-tabulations as well as multivariate logistic regressions to estimate the ethnic and gender differences in MV. Data revealed that women were widely exposed to different types of MV, while only a few men experienced such abuses. It showed that 95.6% of the women experienced emotional abuse, 63.5% physical abuse, 71.4% sexual abuse, and 50.6% poly-victimization, whereas these rates were quite low among the men (emotional = 9.7%, physical = 0.7%, sexual = 0.1%). No men reported poly-victimization. The odds ratio (OR) for emotional, physical, and sexual MV were respectively, 184.44 (95% CI = 93.65−363.24, p<0.001), 449.23 (95% CI = 181.59−1111.35, p<0.001), and 2789.71(95% CI = 381.36−20407.08, p<0.001) for women compared to men. Data further revealed that matrilineal Garo women experienced less MV (emotional = 90.7%, physical = 53.4%, sexual = 64.0%, poly = 38.8%) than the patrilineal Santal (emotional = 99.4%, physical = 67.3%, sexual = 71.3%, poly = 53.9%) and Bengali women (emotional = 96.6%, physical = 69.6%, sexual = 78.8%, poly = 58.9%). Multivariate regressions also showed that the Bengali society perpetrated more physical (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.27−2.85, p = 0.002) and sexual (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.34−3.10, p = 0.001) MV than the Garo society. It appears that MV is largely a gendered issue in the country. Though both women and men can be the victims of MV, the nature/extent of victimization noticeably differs according to the social organization. Matrilineal society appears to be less abusive than the patrilineal one. Interventions aimed to prevent domestic violence in rural Bangladesh should take these findings into account.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Public Library of Science , 2021. Vol. 16, no 5, article id e0251574
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Health and Caring Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105954DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251574ISI: 000664630900048PubMedID: 34010348Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85106366467Local ID: 2021OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-105954DiVA, id: diva2:1580744
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilAvailable from: 2021-07-15 Created: 2021-07-15 Last updated: 2022-04-28Bibliographically approved

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Karim, K.M. RabiulSwahnberg, Katarina

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