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Ecology and epidemiology of influenza A virus in Mallards Anas Platyrhychos
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9616-2693
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linnaeus University Press, 2012. , p. 61
Series
Linnaeus University Dissertations ; 88
National Category
Microbiology Zoology
Research subject
Ecology, Zoonotic Ecology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-110478Libris ID: 13456495ISBN: 9789186983611 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-110478DiVA, id: diva2:1638678
Public defence
2012-06-08, Fullriggaren, Barlastgatan 11, Kalmar, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-02-17 Created: 2022-02-17 Last updated: 2022-12-07Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Sampling for low-pathogenic avian influenza A virus in wild Mallard ducks: Oropharyngeal versus cloacal swabbing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sampling for low-pathogenic avian influenza A virus in wild Mallard ducks: Oropharyngeal versus cloacal swabbing
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2008 (English)In: Vaccine, ISSN 0264-410X, E-ISSN 1873-2518, Vol. 26, no 35, p. 4414-4416Article in journal, Letter (Refereed) Published
National Category
Microbiology
Research subject
Ecology, Zoonotic Ecology; Ecology, Microbiology; Biomedical Sciences, Virology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-1917 (URN)10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.027 (DOI)000258971800003 ()
Available from: 2010-04-06 Created: 2010-04-06 Last updated: 2022-02-17Bibliographically approved
2. Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks
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2009 (English)In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 276, no 1659, p. 1029-1036Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The natural reservoir of influenza A virus is waterfowl, particularly dabbling ducks (genus Anas). Although it has long been assumed that waterfowl are asymptomatic carriers of the virus, a recent study found that low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) infection in Bewick's swans (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) negatively affected stopover time, body mass and feeding behaviour. In the present study, we investigated whether LPAI infection incurred ecological or physiological costs to migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in terms of body mass loss and staging time, and whether such costs could influence the likelihood for long-distance dispersal of the avian influenza virus by individual ducks. During the autumn migrations of 2002-2007, we collected faecal samples (n = 10 918) and biometric data from mallards captured and banded at Ottenby, a major staging site in a flyway connecting breeding and wintering areas of European waterfowl. Body mass was significantly lower in infected ducks than in uninfected ducks (mean difference almost 20 g over all groups), and the amount of virus shed by infected juveniles was negatively correlated with body mass. There was no general effect of infection on staging time, except for juveniles in September, in which birds that shed fewer viruses stayed shorter than birds that shed more viruses. LPAI infection did not affect speed or distance of subsequent migration. The data from recaptured individuals showed that the maximum duration of infection was on average 8.3 days (s.e. 0.5), with a mean minimum duration of virus shedding of only 3.1 days (s.e. 0.1). Shedding time decreased during the season, suggesting that mallards acquire transient immunity for LPAI infection. In conclusion, deteriorated body mass following infection was detected, but it remains to be seen whether this has more long-term fitness effects. The short virus shedding time suggests that individual mallards are less likely to spread the virus at continental or intercontinental scales.

National Category
Microbiology
Research subject
Natural Science, Zoonotic Ecology; Natural Science, Microbiology; Biomedical Sciences, Virology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-1913 (URN)10.1098/rspb.2008.1501 (DOI)
Available from: 2010-04-06 Created: 2010-04-06 Last updated: 2022-02-17Bibliographically approved
3. Does Influenza A affect body condition of wild mallard ducks, or vice versa? A reply to Flint & Franson
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Does Influenza A affect body condition of wild mallard ducks, or vice versa? A reply to Flint & Franson
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2009 (English)In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 276, no 1666, p. 2347-2349Article in journal (Refereed) Published
National Category
Microbiology
Research subject
Natural Science, Zoonotic Ecology; Natural Science, Microbiology; Biomedical Sciences, Virology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-2049 (URN)10.1098/rspb.2009.0275 (DOI)
Available from: 2010-04-06 Created: 2010-04-06 Last updated: 2022-02-17Bibliographically approved
4. Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infections in Mallards May Explain Existence of Multiple Virus Subtypes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infections in Mallards May Explain Existence of Multiple Virus Subtypes
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2013 (English)In: PLoS Pathogens, ISSN 1553-7366, E-ISSN 1553-7374, Vol. 9, no 6, article id e1003443Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Wild birds, particularly duck species, are the main reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV) in nature. However, knowledge of IAV infection dynamics in the wild bird reservoir, and the development of immune responses, are essentially absent. Importantly, a detailed understanding of how subtype diversity is generated and maintained is lacking. To address this, 18,679 samples from 7728 Mallard ducks captured between 2002 and 2009 at a single stopover site in Sweden were screened for IAV infections, and the resulting 1081 virus isolates were analyzed for patterns of immunity. We found support for development of homosubtypic hemagglutinin (HA) immunity during the peak of IAV infections in the fall. Moreover, re-infections with the same HA subtype and related prevalent HA subtypes were uncommon, suggesting the development of natural homosubtypic and heterosubtypic immunity (p-value = 0.02). Heterosubtypic immunity followed phylogenetic relatedness of HA subtypes, both at the level of HA clades (p-value = 0.04) and the level of HA groups (p-value = 0.05). In contrast, infection patterns did not support specific immunity for neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. For the H1 and H3 Clades, heterosubtypic immunity showed a clear temporal pattern and we estimated within-clade immunity to last at least 30 days. The strength and duration of heterosubtypic immunity has important implications for transmission dynamics of IAV in the natural reservoir, where immune escape and disruptive selection may increase HA antigenic variation and explain IAV subtype diversity.

National Category
Microbiology
Research subject
Ecology, Zoonotic Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28365 (URN)10.1371/journal.ppat.1003443 (DOI)000321206600043 ()2-s2.0-84879526530 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2013-08-22 Created: 2013-08-22 Last updated: 2022-02-17Bibliographically approved

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