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Does size matter?: Size-dependent maternal effects on offspring quality and thermal performance in Baltic Sea pike (Esox lucius)
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.
2022 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Sustainable development
Not refering to any SDG
Abstract [en]

Pike (Esox lucius) is an important top predator in the coastal Baltic Sea, structuring the food web through top-down control. Unfortunately, the overall abundance, as well as larger individuals, of pike are declining in the Baltic Sea. This decline has been suggested to be caused by fishery exploitation, eutrophication and altered food-web dynamics. This thesis focuses on the maternal size variation of pike, an interesting but overlooked aspect in the context of global warming – which is yet another challenge for the pike to withstand. Specifically, I investigate if the female size is an indicator of egg quality, and if and how the size of female pike and the egg quality impacts the offspring ability to cope with different temperatures, in an experimental environment. Gametes were gathered at Lerviksbäcken in the early reproduction period, within an 18-day period, starting on the 28th of March 2022. The eggs were fertilized at the Linnaeus university in Kalmar and incubated in three thermal treatments (10°C, 14°C and 18°C), and the egg dry mass was studied in relation to the maternal size. Female size was positively associated with egg dry mass, although not with ‘hatching success’ (viable larvae) in either of the treatments. Instead, the hatching success and response to different temperature treatments varied greatly among females and it was, at least partly, associated with egg mass such as smaller eggs performed better in 18°C. In conclusion, the highest temperature had the lowest mean hatching success which is not looking great in the event of a fast-changing climate. However, the variation in reaction norms is an indication of large genetic variation within the Lervik population, which is essential to withstand the future. 

Abstract [sv]

Gäddan (Esox lucius) i Östersjön är en viktig toppredator som kontrollerar näringskedjan från toppen. Tyvärr så har gäddans abundans och storlek minskat i Östersjön. Detta kan bland annat vara en konsekvens av överexploatering av fisk och eutrofiering. Denna uppsats fokuserar på storleksvariation hos gäddhonor och hur den påverkar äggkvalitén (med äggets torrvikt som indikator) samt avkommans förmåga att kläcka i olika temperaturer. För att utreda detta genomförde jag ett experiment där gäddrom och mjölke insamlades i Lerviksbäcken under gäddans tidiga reproduktionsperiod, insamlingen började den 28 mars 2022 och varade i 18 dagar. Äggen blev fertiliserade på Linnéuniversitet i Kalmar och studerades i tre olika behandlingar, 10°C, 14°C och 18°C, även äggens torrvikt kvantifierades i relation till gäddhonans längd. Honornas storlek var positivt associerade med äggens torrvikt, dock inte till kläckningsgrad i någon av behandlingarna. Äggens torrvikt hade däremot en negativ effekt på kläckningsgrad i den högsta temperaturbehandlingen (18°C). Honans investering i äggen verkar öka med honans längd, men större ägg påverkade inte kläckningsgraden positivt över lag, äggen med minst torrvikt hade däremot en signifikant bättre kläckning i den högsta temperaturen. Den högsta temperaturbehandlingen hade den lägsta kläckningsgraden jämför med övriga temperaturbehandlingar, vilket inte ser bra ut för gäddan ifall det skulle ske stora förändringar i ökande temperatur inom en snar framtid. Gäddans reaktionsnormer i Lerviksbäcken tyder däremot på en stor genetisk variation inom populationen, vilket skulle kunna innebära att denna population har en chans till adaption inför global uppvärmning och dess miljökonsekvenser. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. , p. 17
Keywords [en]
Pike, Esox lucius, maternal effects, egg dry mass, thermal treatments, reaction norms, Baltic Sea
National Category
Biological Sciences Ecology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-114196OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-114196DiVA, id: diva2:1670684
Subject / course
Biology
Educational program
Biology Programme, 180 credits
Presentation
2022-06-01, Linnéuniversitetet, Vi2023, Universitetsplatsen 1, Kalmar, 11:13 (English)
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-06-17 Created: 2022-06-16 Last updated: 2022-06-17Bibliographically approved

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