Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the health implications of water scarcity as experienced by Palestinian farmers in the conflict context of the Jordan Valley.

Background: Water scarcity in Palestine is a result of both man-made water scarcity and climate change-related water scarcity. Human and non-human health is under threat of water scarcity in Palestine. No previous research about how Palestinian farmers perceive their health in relation to water scarcity within their conflict context. 

Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted in the Jordan Valley (Al Aghwar) area in Palestine. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Farmers (n = 9) participated in the study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Braun and Clarke (2006) guidelines. 

Results: Three themes were identified: Psychological distress and depression, physical diseases, and emotional well-being and resilience.

Conclusion: The complexity of the causes of water scarcity in the Palestinian context led the Jordan Valley framers’ to perceive psychological distress, depression, and physical diseases in relation to water scarcity. On the other hand, due to the specific conflict context, water scarcity enhances farmers’ land attachment, and identity while resisting the man-made water scarcity situation, and influences the farmer’s perception of emotional well-being and resilience.