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Low Prevalence of Mild Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency in Hospitalized COVID-19-Patients
Lund University, Sweden.
Region Kronoberg, Sweden.
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine and Optometry. Region Kronoberg, Sweden;Lund University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3785-5630
Lund University, Sweden.
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2022 (English)In: International Journal of General Medicine, E-ISSN 1178-7074, Vol. 15, p. 5843-5848Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Alpha- 1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and suggested as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Furthermore, epidemiological association of high prevalence of Alpha- 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and regional severity of COVID-19-impact has been hypothesized. In our study setting, the estimated prevalence rates of mild (PI*MZ, PI*SS or PI*MS) and moderate-to-severe AATD (PI*ZZ or PI*SZ) are high, 9% and 0.2%, respectively. Our primary aim was to examine the prevalence rate of AATD among hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, enrollment occurred from December 2020 to January 2021 in two COVID-19-units at Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Case definition was a patient hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were screened for AATD with PI-typing and if results were inconclusive, PCR for the S- and Z-genes were performed. Patients were categorized as severe or moderate COVID-19 and 30-day-mortality data were collected. The primary outcome was prevalence rate of AATD. The secondary outcome investigated association between presence of mild AATD and severe COVID-19. Results: We enrolled 61 patients with COVID-19. Two patients out of 61 (3%) had mild AATD (PI*MZ) and none had moderate-tosevere AATD. 30/61 (49%) had severe COVID-19. Both patients with mild AATD developed severe COVID-19. Yet, presence of AATD was not significantly associated with severe COVID-19 (p=0.24). Conclusion: Mild AATD (PI*MS or PI*MZ) was rare in a small cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a study setting with a high background prevalence of AATD.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Dove Medical Press Ltd , 2022. Vol. 15, p. 5843-5848
Keywords [en]
alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, PI-typing, SERPINA1
National Category
Infectious Medicine
Research subject
Natural Science, Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-115599DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S370434ISI: 000821079200001PubMedID: 35789772Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85133541489OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-115599DiVA, id: diva2:1684969
Available from: 2022-07-29 Created: 2022-07-29 Last updated: 2023-11-17Bibliographically approved

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Thulesius, Hans

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