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Atomistic spin simulations of electric-field-assisted nucleation and annihilation of magnetic skyrmions in Pd/Fe/Ir(111)
University of Kiel, Germany.
University of Kiel, Germany;University of Iceland, Iceland;Thayer School of Engineering, USA.
University of Iceland, Iceland.
University of Iceland, Iceland;ITMO University, Russia;Örebro University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3351-7172
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2022 (English)In: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 105, no 21, article id 214435Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We provide a theoretical background for electric-field-assisted thermally activated writing and deleting of magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin transition-metal films. We apply an atomistic spin model, which includes the exchange interaction, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy. The strengths of the magnetic interactions are taken from density functional theory (DFT) calculations for a Pd/Fe bilayer on the Ir(111) surface. We systematically vary all magnetic interactions up to ±10% treating the magnetoelectric effect in linear response. The critical magnetic fields marking the onset of the skyrmion phase and the field-polarized phase shift considerably upon varying the interaction constants due to the electric field. Based on harmonic transition state theory, we calculate the transition rates for skyrmion nucleation and annihilation, which are in good agreement with experimental values for Pd/Fe/Ir(111). The field-dependent variation of energy barriers and preexponential factors leads to large changes of the transition rates, which are accompanied by changes in skyrmion radii. Finally, we simulate the electric-field-dependent writing and deleting of magnetic skyrmions in Pd/Fe/Ir(111) based on the master equation and transition rates obtained using the magnetic interactions calculated via DFT for electric fields of E=±0.5 V/Å. The magnetic-field-dependent skyrmion probability follows a Fermi-Dirac distribution function of the free energy difference of the skyrmion state and the ferromagnetic (FM) state. The probability function for the opposite electric field directions is in striking agreement with experimental results [Romming, Science 341, 636 (2013)0036-807510.1126/science.1240573]. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Physical Society, 2022. Vol. 105, no 21, article id 214435
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Research subject
Physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-116375DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.214435ISI: 000824838900002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85133546189OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-116375DiVA, id: diva2:1697315
Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-20 Last updated: 2022-09-23Bibliographically approved

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Bessarab, Pavel F.

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