This chapter addresses two core questions in the field of curriculum research and theorizing. The first concerns how to understand issues of governance of the school as a societal institution, and the second draws attention to how we can understand the organization of knowledge in school. Drawing upon relevant research and theories from within and outside the curriculum field, this chapter provides an overview of developments, approaches, and concepts in curriculum research and underlines the importance of taking the global dimension into account when analyzing contemporary curricular issues.