The present pace of climate change not only elevates the level of pollution but also increases the difficulties of organisms and ecosystems to adapt. In the long-term impact, it has been observed that adaptation can only be possible by variations in genetic organization and epigenetics. In the atmosphere, an increase in CO2 levels leads to climate change and the greenhouse effect. Climate change-induced epigenetic changes are firmly hereditary. Changes in our environment disturb more subtly the epigenome of the plants and may have an impact on ecosystems. Epigenetic changes that regulate the phenotypes could be used as markers to monitor climate change and aid the plants to adopt permanent plant traits. Due to climate change, social and environmental determinants of health are at high risk. The present chapter discusses the impact of greenhouse gases on plant epigenomes and the role of epigenetics in understanding the effects of climate change, especially for food security and biomaterials.