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Targeting by Comparison with Laboratory Experiments the SCR Catalyst Deactivation Process by Potassium and Zinc Salts in a Large-Scale Biomass Combustion Boiler
Växjö University, Faculty of Mathematics/Science/Technology, School of Technology and Design. Bioenergiteknik.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5835-865X
Växjö University, Faculty of Mathematics/Science/Technology, School of Technology and Design. Bioenergiteknik.
Lund University.
Växjö University, Faculty of Mathematics/Science/Technology, School of Technology and Design. Bioenergiteknik.
2006 (English)In: Energy & Fuels, ISSN 0887-0624, E-ISSN 1520-5029, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 1398-1405Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The deactivation of a commercial selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst of type V2O5−WO3/TiO2 has been studied in this work through comparisons of results from a full-scale biomass combustion plant with those from laboratory experiments. In the latter, the catalyst was exposed to KCl, K2SO4, and ZnCl2 by both wet impregnation with diluted salt solutions and deposition of generated submicrometer aerosol particles by means of an electrostatic field. The reactivity of freshly prepared and deactivated catalyst samples was examined in the SCR reaction, for which the influence of the different salts and the method of exposure were explored. Chemical and physical characterizations of the catalyst samples were carried out focusing on surface area, pore volume, pore size, chemical composition, and the penetration profiles of potassium and zinc. Particle-deposition deactivation as well as commercially exposed catalyst samples were shown to impact surface area and catalyst activity similarly and to have penetration profiles with pronounced peaks. Salt impregnation influenced pore sizes and catalyst activity more strongly and showed flat penetration profiles. Deposition of submicrometer-sized particles on the monolithic SCR catalyst has been shown to induce deactivation of the catalyst with characteristics resembling those obtained in a commercial biomass combustion plant; the laboratory process can be used to further assess the deactivation mechanism by biomass combustion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2006. Vol. 20, no 4, p. 1398-1405
National Category
Chemical Process Engineering Energy Engineering
Research subject
Chemistry, Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-4244DOI: 10.1021/ef060077uOAI: oai:DiVA.org:vxu-4244DiVA, id: diva2:204201
Available from: 2007-03-01 Created: 2007-03-01 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Study of Catalyst Deactivation in Three Different Industrial Processes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Study of Catalyst Deactivation in Three Different Industrial Processes
2007 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Deactivation of catalysts were investigated focusing on three industrial processes: 1) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for abatement of NOx from biomass combustion using V2O5-WO3 /TiO2 catalysts; 2) Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from printing industries using a Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst; and 3) Ni and Pt/Rh catalysts used in steam reforming reaction of bio-syngas obtained from biomass gasification.

The aim has been to simulate industrial conditions in laboratory experiments in order to comprehend influence of compounds affecting catalysts performance. Typical catalyst lifetimes in industrial processes are several years, which are a challenge when accelerating deactivation in laboratory scale experiments where possible exposure times are few hours or days. Catalysts can be introduced to deactivating compounds through different routes. The first method examined was gaseous exposure, which was applied to deactivate VOC oxidation catalyst through exposure of gaseous hexamethyldisiloxane. The second method involved wet impregnation and was used for impregnation of SCR catalyst with salt solutions. The third method was based on exposure and deposition of size selected particles of deactivating substances on the catalyst. The latter device was developed during this work. It was applied to monolithic SCR catalysts as well as to pellet catalysts intended for steam reforming of biomass gasification syngas. Deactivated SCR catalyst samples by size selected exposure method were verified and compared with SCR catalysts used in a commercial biomass boiler for 6 500 h.

Evaluations of fresh and deactivated samples were investigated using BET surface area; chemisorption and temperature programmed desorption (TPD); surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and poison penetration profile through SEM with an Electron Micro Probe Analyser (EMPA) also equipped with a energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS); chemical analysis of accumulation of exposed compounds by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES); and influence on catalyst performance. The size selected generated particles of deactivating substances were characterized with respect to mean diameter and number size distribution through Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and mass size distribution applying an Electric Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Results from catalyst characterization methods were useful tools in evaluation of catalyst deactivation routes.

Understanding deactivation processes and impact on catalyst performance is vital for further optimization of catalysts with respect to performance and lifetime. Further research in this field can provide more resistant catalysts for application in industry leading to higher commercial benefits and further application of environmental catalysts in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Växjö: Växjö University Press, 2007
Series
Acta Wexionensia, ISSN 1404-4307 ; 106/2007
Keywords
deactivation, catalyst, SCR, VOC, steam reforming, aerosol particle, potassium, zinc, ash salts, biomass, organosilicon
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Natural Science, Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1058 (URN)978-91-7636-533-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2007-02-02, M1083, M, Växjö univsersitet, Växjö, 13:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2007-02-01 Created: 2007-02-01 Last updated: 2017-02-24Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, Ann-CharlotteEinvall, JessicaSanati, Mehri

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