Objective. To illustrate attitudes towards future cervical cancer screening and future sexual behavior among young HPV vaccinated women and parents of HPV vaccinated girls.

Design. Study with qualitative approach.

Setting. Mid-sized cities in the south of Sweden.

Sample. Young women aged 17 to 26 years (n=17) and parents of girls aged 13 to 17 years (n=6) vaccinated against HPV.

Method. Individual semi-structured interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

Results. The attitudes towards future participation in cervical cancer screening was positive in both groups, but nearly half of the young women did not know what cervical cancer screening meant. Among the young women, there was a lack of understanding about the relation between sexual transmission, HPV and cervical cancer. The parents had better understanding. Future sexual behavior was thought would not be affected by the vaccination, but participants discussed the possibility of it leading to increased sexual risk taking among others. We could also see that discussions prior to the vaccination increased knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and encouraged conversations about safe sex between parents and daughters.

Conclusions. Young HPV vaccinated women are unaware of cervical cancer screening and to what extent HPV vaccination offers protection. Accurate information about HPV, sexual transmission and cervical cancer is important to prevent possible negative effects on participation in cervical cancer screening and on future sexual behavior.