Scania, a landscape in today's Sweden, has its history in both a Swedish and a Danish context. It has therefore been possible for the Scanian people to maintain different positions in relation to history. I wish to focus on the role of archaeology in connection with the concept of regional identity. Starting from archaeological excavations of the so-called trelleborgar and ringborgar in Scania and Denmark I will show the role of Scania in connection with archaeology. I also highlight how the debate is formed and what connections are made in relation to the establishment of a regional identity in our time.