One of the most frequently discussed issues in Scandinavian archaeology is the Neolithization and what caused it. During the last 20 years a lot of work has focussed on the agricultural transition and the origins of the Neolithic in Southern Scandinavia at a broad, inter-regional, rather than regional scale. But what motivated the transition to farming at a local and regional level? And what processes enabled the transition, and the coeval development of a new cultural tradition to occur? In the following I will have a closer look at this and present new interpretations. I will chiefly concentrate on the development of the earliest TRB and try to comprehend at a regional scale the transition from hunting-gathering to farming in South Scandinavia. An important feature is the application of the theory of structuration and agency as a way of elucidating the course of this transition.