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  • 1. Almazidou, Maria
    et al.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Borg, Mattias
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Kainulainen, Kari
    Nilsson, Ingegerd
    Saras, Terese
    Williamsson, Oskar
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 20132014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Trestad2 är en nationell satsning där de tre städerna Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö samarbetar för att minska användandet av cannabis bland ungdomar. Inom ramen för projektet har det skapats en modell för att identifiera och följa trender i de tre storstäderna vad gäller droganvändning och psykosocial situation för ungdomar som påbörjar behandling för missbruksproblem. Framtagandet av relevanta indikatorer har skett i nära samarbete mellan praktiker och forskare utifrån en sammanvägning av forskningsmässiga, metodologiska och kliniskt betydelsefulla utgångspunkter. Underlaget utgörs av uppgifter om 788 ungdomar som inledde öppenvårdsbehandling vid någon av städernas Maria-mottagningar under år 2013 och har inhämtats med intervjumetoden UngDOK.

    Sammanställningen av indikatorer visar att flickor utgör cirka en fjärdedel av det totala antalet ungdomar som påbörjar öppenvård för problem med alkohol eller narkotika. Ungdomarnas medianålder när vårdkontakten inleds är 17 år och mer än hälften av ungdomarna har kommit i kontakt med Maria-mottagningarna via eget eller nätverkets initiativ. Nästan två tredjedelar av ungdomarna uppger att de har eller har haft omfattande problem under sin skolgång och cirka en tiondel av ungdomarna varken studerar, arbetar eller praktiserar. Drygt tre fjärdedelar av ungdomarna anger cannabis som sin primära drog, men nästan hälften av dem har även en riskfylld alkoholkonsumtion. Den genomsnittliga debutåldern för den primära drogen är 15 år. Ungefär en fjärdedel av ungdomarna har tidigare fått vård och behandling för alkohol- eller narkotikaproblem. Förekomsten av besvärliga uppväxtvillkor är hög hos ungdomarna och över hälften av dem har erfarenheter av att ha växt upp med våld, psykiska problem och/eller missbruk i familjen. Drygt en tredjedel av samtliga ungdomar har eller har haft kontakt med den psykiatriska vården.

    Vissa skillnader mellan de tre städernas Maria-mottagningar kan identifieras. Ungdomarna som påbörjar kontakt med mottagningen i Stockholm verkar ha problem av något lindrigare art jämfört med Göteborg och Malmö och utgör mindre andelar både när det gäller komplicerande bakgrundsfaktorer och nuvarande problembeteenden. Det finns även mindre skillnader i åldersstrukturen i de tre städerna, där Stockholm har fler ungdomar under 18 år medan både Göteborg och Malmö har fler som är över 18 år. Det finns även vissa könsskillnader genom att flickorna i samtliga tre städer tycks ha en tyngre problematik i jämförelse med pojkarna. Flickorna saknar i högre grad sysselsättning, anger oftare problem i skolan, har haft svårare uppväxtvillkor och har i större utsträckning haft kontakt med psykiatrin i jämförelse med pojkarna.

    Att sammanställa och rapportera deskriptiva indikatorer om individer som påbörjar behandling för alkohol- och narkotikaproblem kan ha flera fördelar. En sådan är att informationen kan ligga till grund för en ökad förståelse av ungdomars alkohol- och narkotikaanvändning och dess omfattning. Även om rapportens uppgifter inte är heltäckande, beskriver den en större population av svenska ungdomar med en problematisk användning av alkohol och droger. Föreliggande rapport är således en första ansats till att ge en sammanfattande bild av de ungdomar som påbörjar behandling vid Maria-mottagningarnas öppenvård i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö.

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  • 2.
    Anderberg, Mats
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Att upptäcka spelproblem: ett pilotprojekt vid ett socialkontor2015In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 92, no 4, p. 505-517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article highlights the obstacles and opportunities in implementing a screening method to identify problem gambling among persons receiving income support within the social services in Gothenburg. The empirical ma-terial was collected through both a study of problem gambling with the two screening instruments NODS and NODS-PERC, and five interviews with ad-ministrators. The study shows that it is possible to identify problem gamblers in social services with both of the screening interviews, but it also illustrates the difficulties that existed under the implementation of this new approach in the social services.

  • 3.
    Anderberg, Mats
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Riskfylld alkoholanvändning hos ungdomar med cannabisproblem2015In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 92, no 4, p. 484-494Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adolescent who use cannabis, also drink alcohol frequently. This article il-lustrates how risky alcohol consumption among adolescents entering treat-ment at the Maria clinics in Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö for abuse of cannabis, is related to drog use patterns and to different background and risk factors. The study is based on structured interviews with 887 adolescents and the analysis distinguishes nine different risk factors that are strongly related to their combined use of cannabis and alcohol. A conclusion is that it is important to pay attention to adolescents risky alcohol consumption and, if necessary, also providing specific interventions targeting alcohol problems.

  • 4.
    Anderberg, Mats
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Ungdomar med missbruksproblem: en deskriptiv studie av Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö2014In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 91, no 4, p. 348-359Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a lack of knowledge about the adolescents who are in contact with the outpatient care in Sweden for alcohol and drug problems. The purpose of this article is to describe the adolescents who receive treatment at Maria outpatient care in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö, on the basis of an empirical material from the structured interview UngDOK. The descriptive cross-sectional study is based on a material on 755 adolescents who had begun a treatment contact. The study highlights the importance to include several risk and protective factors in the screening and assessment instruments addressed to adolescents entering care and treatment for substance abuse problems, to identify and pay attention to these factors in the treatment process.

  • 5.
    Benderix, Ylva
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Fridell, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Billsten, Johan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Holmberg, Robert
    Utvärdering av "Kunskap till Praktik" ett nationellt stöd till implementering av Nationella Riktlinjer för missbruks och beroendevård. delrapport I  2008 - 20112012Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    Utvärdering av kunskap till praktik
  • 6.
    Bergstrand, Marcus
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Frantz, Petra
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Stora Starka Män- Behandling och missbruk av anabola androgena steroider2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna kvalitativa studie handlar om några behandlares upplevelser och erfarenheter kring vilka personer som hamnar i missbruk av anabola androgena steroider(AAS). Den belyser även vilken behanding som finns för problematiken. För att erhålla empiri används semistrukturerade intervjuer på fyra personer som arbetar med behandling av AAS. Resultatet visar att man kan kategorisera AAS-användare i tre olika grupper. När klienter kommer till behandling är det viktigt att man ser till helhetsbilden och att man ser varje individ för sig. Metoder som finns är terapi för det sjuka kroppsidealet, hjälp med träningsmissbruket, läkemedelsassisterad behandling samt annan psykosocial terapi. En intressant slutsats är att det finns hjälp att få vid AAS-missbruk, men tyvärr finns det inte resurser att hjälpa alla. Det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att lära inom ämnet och man behöver forska kring fler och bättre behandlingsmetoder som kan passa vid detta missbruk.

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  • 7.
    Billsten, Johan
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Holmberg, Robert
    Lund university.
    Benderix, Ylva
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Evidensbaserad praktik inom missbruks- och beroendevården2014In: Implementering av evidensbaserad praktik / [ed] Per Nilsen, Falkenberg: Gleerups Utbildning AB, 2014, 1, p. 233-245Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Boson, Karin
    et al.
    Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, Norway;University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Hagborg, Johan Melander
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Peter
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Adolescents with substance use problems in outpatient treatment: a one-year prospective follow-up study focusing on mental health and gender differences2022In: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, E-ISSN 1747-597X, Vol. 17, no 1, article id 53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Although several studies have found a high incidence of coexisting mental health problems among adolescents with substance use problems, follow-up studies addressing how these conditions change over time are rare. The study will describe and analyze indications of mental health problems and how various risk factors predict outcomes 1 year after initial treatment contact. In addition, gender-specific risk factors are explored. Methods A clinical sample of 455 adolescents (29% girls, median age 17 years) answered a structural interview at baseline and were followed up using official records 1 year after initiated treatment. Bivariate associations and logistic regressions were conducted to analyse the links between risk factors at the individual, social, and structural levels as well as links between various mental illness symptoms at treatment start and indications of mental health problems 1 year later were analysed. Results The results show that mental health problems among adolescents largely persisted 1 year after start of outpatient care for substance use problems. Forty-two per cent of the sample displayed indications of mental health problems at follow-up, and registrations for both outpatient treatment and psychiatric medication were more common among the girls. Girls also reported more mental illness symptoms at treatment start than boys did, especially anxiety. Depression and suicidal thoughts had predictive values regarding indications of mental health problems and small cumulative effects were found for 6-10 co-occurring risk factors. Conclusions Adolescents with depression and suicidal thoughts at treatment start should yield attention among clinicians as these general risk factors could predict indication of mental health problems at 1 year follow-up effectively. Also, patients with more than six co-occurring risk factors seem more vulnerable for continued mental health problems. Generally, girls displayed a greater mental health and psychosocial burden at treatment initiation and were more likely to show indication of mental health problems at follow-up. These results suggests that girls are more likely to get psychiatric out-treatment parallel to, or after, substance abuse treatment. We recommend further investigation of gender differences and gender-specific needs in substance use treatment.

  • 9.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Ensamkommande ungdomar med alkohol- och narkotikaproblem – en riskgrupp?2020In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 97, no 2, p. 287-302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Drug use among unaccompanied minors has been covered extensively by the media in recent years and has often been characterised as an escalating social problem. The article describe similarities and differences between unaccompanied minors and other youths who begin outpatient treatment for substance abuse in relation to their social situations, use of drugs, criminal activity, exposure to violence and physical and mental health. The study is based on structured interviews with 1,225 youths at twelve outpatient clinics in Sweden, 93 of these individuals are unaccompanied minors. The study shows that unaccompanied minors, in spite of traumatic experiences and significant psychological distress, use alcohol and drugs to a lesser extent than other youths who begin outpatient treatment. It can thus be problematic to regard these young people as a particularly high-risk group who present major challenges to the Swedish welfare system.

  • 10.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 2016.2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport är den fjärde i ordningen och ger en sammanfattande bild av de ungdomar som påbörjat behandling vid Maria-mottagningarnas öppenvård i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö år 2016 i relation till 2013, 2014 och 2015 med särskild tonvikt på de trender och tendenser som kan skönjas för den aktuella målgruppen och de könsskillnader som föreligger.

    Flickorna utgör cirka en fjärdedel och medelåldern är 17 år för de ungdomar med alkoholeller narkotikaproblem som inleder en vårdkontakt. Det framkommer dock tydliga variationer mellan rapporteringsår, mellan städer samt mellan flickor och pojkar. En tydlig tendens i årets rapport är att medelåldern för flickor sjunker i samtliga tre städer och en annan tendens är att andelen ungdomar som kommer i kontakt med Maria-mottagningarna på eget, föräldrars eller vänners initiativ totalt har minskat.

    Av de ungdomar som vänder sig till Maria-mottagningarna uppger 84 procent cannabis som den drog som utgör störst problem för dem eller är anledningen till påbörjad vårdkontakt. Andelen ungdomar som anger cannabis som primär drog har ökat kontinuerligt under flera års tid och på motsvarande sätt har andelen ungdomar som anger alkohol minskat. Det har även skett en viss minskning beträffande övriga preparat (t.ex. Spice, amfetamin och kokain). Det förekommer lokala skillnader när det gäller primär drog, i Stockholm och Malmö är andelen ungdomar som använder cannabis större än i Göteborg. Generellt tycks det ske en viss minskning av ungdomarnas alkohol- ochnarkotikaproblematik genom att den riskfyllda alkoholkonsumtionen fortsätter att minska, användningsfrekvensen av den primära drogen och användning av annan drog är något lägre än föregående år, andelen ungdomar som varit föremål för tidigare missbruksvård är något lägre.

    Cirka var tionde ungdom saknar helt någon form av sysselsättning de senaste tre månaderna, vilket är en tydlig minskning från föregående år. Det förekommer en viss lokal variation, där betydligt fler ungdomar i Malmö varken studerar, praktiserar eller arbetar i jämförelse med övriga städer. Två tredjedelar av ungdomarna uppger att de har eller har haft problem i skolan som påverkat deras resultat, närvaro eller trivsel är generellt stor och andelen har ökat under de aktuella åren. De lokala variationerna är dock stora, där ungdomarna i Malmö anger skolproblem i högre grad än i Göteborg och Stockholm.

    Generellt har ungefär hälften av de ungdomar som kommer i kontakt med Mariamottagningarna erfarenheter av missbruk, psykiska problem och våld i sin nära omgivning under uppväxten. Den totala nivån för de tre städerna har varit relativ stabil under tidsperioden, men för år 2016 kan en minskning noteras för Stockholm och Göteborg medan det har skett en betydande ökning i Malmö. Andelen ungdomar som har begått och dömts för brott minskar, totalt har en knapp tredjedel av ungdomarna dömts för brott. Även här förekommer det skillnader mellan städerna där Stockholm har en större andel ungdomar som har dömts för brott.

    Denna rapport visar på ett flertal tydliga könsskillnader för Maria-mottagningarnas ungdomar. Kartläggningen stödjer det paradoxala förhållande som å ena sidan innebär att en mindre andel flickor påbörjar behandling för missbruksproblem jämfört med pojkar, men tenderar å andra sidan att ha allvarligare drogproblem, besvärligare uppväxtförhållanden och mer omfattande psykiska problem.

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  • 11.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö: Ungdomar i öppenvård år 20172018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö under år 2017 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med år 2013, 2014, 2015 och 2016 för att belysa trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Författare till rapporten är fil dr Mats Anderberg och fil dr Mikael Dahlberg.

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  • 12.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö: Ungdomar i öppenvård år 20182019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö under år 2018 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med tidigare års data (2013-2017) för att belysa trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Författare till rapporten är fil dr Mats Anderberg och fil dr Mikael Dahlberg.

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  • 13.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 20192020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport beskrivs livsvillkoren för de ungdomar som påbörjade behandling vid Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmöunder år 2019 avseende användning av alkohol och narkotika, uppväxtförhållanden samt hur de har det med skola och arbete, kriminalitet och psykisk hälsa. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med tidigare års data (2013-2018) för att belysa trender i de tre städerna. Rapporten sammanställs årligen och utgör ett underlag för kunskaps- och metodutveckling vid verksamheterna. Författare till rapporten är fil dr Mats Anderberg och fil dr Mikael Dahlberg.

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    fulltext
  • 14.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg ochMalmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 20142015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna rapport, den andra i ordningen, är att beskriva de ungdomar som påbörjar behandling för missbruksproblem på Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö år 2014 vad gäller ungdomars droganvändning och psykosocial situation samt att jämföra dessa uppgifter med föregående år.

    Andelen ungdomar som saknar sysselsättning och varken studerar eller arbetar har ökat något, vilket är oroande eftersom denna omständighet är förenat med omfattande psykosociala risker av olika slag. Indikatorn för skolproblem kvarstår på en hög nivå, nästan två tredjedelar av ungdomarna uppger att de har eller har haft omfattande problem under sin skolgång som påverkat såväl deras närvaro som resultat. Detta är mycket viktigt att uppmärksamma och följa eftersom skolmisslyckande är en mycket betydelsefull riskfaktor för fortsatta problem i vuxen ålder.

    Det har skett en viss ökning av cannabis som primär drog och det är totalt fyra femtedelar av samtliga ungdomar som uppger cannabis som huvuddrog. Motsvarande minskning sker beträffande alkohol som primär drog. För övriga preparat (Spice, Tramadol och amfetamin) sker i stort sett inga förändringar av betydelse. Något färre ungdomar uppger att de vid inskrivning använt den primära drogen 2-3 dagar i veckan eller mer under de tre senaste månaderna i jämförelse med året innan. Den genomsnittliga debutåldern för primär drog är samma för båda åren och uppgår till 15 år. Användning av andra droger vid sidan av primärdrogen har minskat något och mer än hälften av ungdomarna anger att de använder andra preparat. Även den riskfyllda alkoholkonsumtionen enligt AUDIT-C har reducerats, men kvarstår fortfarande på en hög nivå. Det sker en ökning av andelen ungdomar som tidigare har varit föremål för vård- och behandlingskontakter för alkohol- och/eller narkotikaproblem.

    Ungdomarnas erfarenheter av svåra uppväxtvillkor har minskat något mellan 2013 och 2014, men förekomsten av besvärliga uppväxtvillkor är fortfarande hög. Nästan hälften av ungdomarna som påbörjar öppenvård för alkohol- eller narkotikaproblem i de tre storstäderna har erfarenheter av att ha växt upp med våld, psykiska problem och missbruk i familjen, något som ger en betydande risk för allvarliga missbruksproblem även som vuxen.

    Andelen ungdomar som har dömts för brottslighet är stort sett lika stor mellan de två åren. Det är cirka en tredjedel av ungdomarna som är lagförda för brottslighet, något som särskilt kan kopplas till att en stor andel av ungdomarna använder cannabis eller andra narkotiska preparat. Däremot har det skett en betydande ökning av andelen ungdomar som har pågående och/eller tidigare vård inom psykiatrin. Det betyder att en relativt stor andel ungdomar även har andra betydande svårigheter utöver missbruksproblem. Indikatorn om psykiatrisk vård visar med all tydlighet behovet av fungerande samverkan mellan missbruksvård och psykiatrisk vård.

    När det gäller könsskillnader framgår det sammantaget att flickorna generellt i alla tre städerna tycks ha en tyngre problematik i jämförelse med pojkarna. Den samlade bilden av indikatorerna ger vissa skillnader mellan de tre städernas mottagningar. Skillnader i åldersstrukturen i de tre städerna påverkar troligen andra indikatorer som avser ungdomarnas sociala situation, droganvändning och uppväxtvillkor.

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  • 15.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg ochMalmö - Ungdomar i öppenvård år 2015.2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport beskrivs de ungdomar som påbörjar behandling för missbruksproblem på Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö år 2015 vad gäller droganvändning och psykosocial situation. Dessa uppgifter jämförs med år 2013 och 2014 för att belysa trender i de tre städerna.

    Merparten av de ungdomar som påbörjar behandling vid storstädernas Maria-mottagningar använder cannabis, drygt 80 procent. Pojkar anger i större utsträckning än flickor cannabis som primär drog, men ett observandum är att flickors andel ökar över tid. När det gäller alkohol eller andra droger ligger nivåerna relativt stabilt och inga nya narkotiska preparat tycks vara aktuella. Alkoholanvändningen hos ungdomar på Maria-mottagningarna minskar, något som indikeras av såväl en reducerad riskfylld alkoholkonsumtion som en minskad användning av annan drog.

    Andelen ungdomar som varken studerar, praktiserar eller arbetar har ökat något under perioden (från 11 till 16 procent), vilket är illavarslande eftersom det kan vara förenat med omfattande psykosociala risker som exempelvis fortsatta alkohol- och narkotikaproblem, kriminalitet och psykisk ohälsa samt svårigheter att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. Det är nästan två tredjedelar av ungdomarna som har eller har haft skolproblem, som påverkat såväl deras närvaro och resultat som trivsel.

    Förekomsten av besvärliga uppväxtvillkor är fortfarande hög i gruppen och 70 procent av flickorna och 41 procent av pojkarna, som påbörjar en kontakt med de tre storstädernas Maria-mottagningar, har erfarenheter av att ha växt upp med våld, psykiska problem och missbruk i familjen.

    Den svagt nedåtgående trenden beträffande andel ungdomar som döms för brott har troligen påverkats av att polisens insatser mot narkotikabrott generellt har minskat i de tre storstäderna.

    Det har skett en betydande ökning av andelen ungdomar som har pågående och/eller tidigare vård inom psykiatrin (från 36 till 49 procent). Det betyder att en relativt stor andel ungdomar även har andra betydande svårigheter utöver missbruksproblem som de kan behöva hjälp med.

    Ungdomar som påbörjar vård och behandling på Maria-mottagningarna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö utgör en heterogen målgrupp. En grupp ungdomar är socialt förankrade och har ett mer experimentellt bruk av cannabis och andra droger, medan en annan grupp har en genomgående svårare missbruksproblematik samt en högre belastning vad gäller övriga riskfaktorer. Det framkommer även variationer i materialet som indikerar att de tre städerna vänder sig till delvis olika målgrupper. Ungdomarna som påbörjar en kontakt med Mariamottagningen i Stockholm är generellt något yngre och går i avsevärt större utsträckning i skolan, arbetar eller har praktik. De tycks inte ha kommit lika långt i sin droganvändning och brukar droger i mindre omfattning än ungdomar i Malmö och Göteborg.

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  • 16.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Boson, Karin
    Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway;University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Wennberg, Peter
    Stockholm University, Sweden;Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Long-term outcomes for young people with substance use problems in outpatient treatment: Gender-specific patterns2022In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1664-0640, Vol. 13, article id 888197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents the results of a longitudinal research project focusing on long-term outcomes among young people after initiation of outpatient treatment for substance use problems (SUP) in Sweden. Young people are defined with the age group 13-25 years. A clinical sample of 451 young people (29% girls, median age 17 years) completed a structured interview at baseline and was followed using official records one, two, and 3 years after initiation of treatment. Gender-specific patterns at intake were described and bivariate associations and logistic regressions were calculated to analyse the links between risk factors at treatment start and indications of substance use problems 3 years later. Significantly more boys than girls displayed indications of continued SUP at 3-year follow-up. More specifically, 49% of the boys vs. 35% of the girls were identified through records as still having problems with substance use. Predictive risk factors also displayed gender-specific patterns. Primary drug use frequency and age at intake predicted indications of SUP among boys but not among girls. Placement in foster care/residential homes, depression, and early drug debut had significant predictive value regarding indications of SUP among females but not among males. Girls also displayed a greater psychosocial burden at treatment start, but a more favorable treatment outcome at follow-up. Youths with a heavy risk load at treatment start (i.e., over six risk factors) did not display a greater risk of SUP at 3-year follow-up, although our results suggest that this subgroup has indications of continued problems with mental health. Consequently, future studies should further explore gender-specific treatment pathways for young people with substance use problems. Since women and girls seem to have different risk factors, co-occurring psychiatric problems and more experiences of trauma compared to men, they might need multidimensional and more comprehensive treatment interventions that run over a longer period of time.

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  • 17.
    Edvardsson Aurin, Ingrid
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden;Kronoberg County Council, Sweden.
    Lendahls, Lena
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Kronoberg County Council, Sweden.
    Haraldsson, Katarina
    Region Halland, Sweden.
    Tobacco cesssation - as we want it!: an interview study with young people2018In: Abstract Book - 17th World Conference on Tobacco or Health: 7-9 March 2018, Cape Town, South Africa / [ed] James Elliott Scott & Israel Agaku, Heraklion, Crete, Greece: EUEP European Publishing , 2018, Vol. 16, no Suppl 1, p. 115-115, article id A302Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Smoking among teenagers and young people is still common and about every third young smoker states that they want to quit smoking. There are no obvious evidence-based methods for tobacco cessation for young people, and therefore, the same methods are used for young people as well as adults. The aim was to study young people's views about what support they would like for quit smoking, with the intention of developing a model for tobacco cessation for young people through interviews with the target groups.

    Methods: A qualitative study using a descriptive and exploratory design was conducted. Young smokers 16 - 29 years old (n=25) were interviewed in five focus groups in southern Sweden. Data were analyzed by content analysis.

    Results: The results illuminate young people's suggestions to develop a model for tobacco cessation. Four main categories emerged; Existing support rejected - existing apps, support- by SMS, and self-help brochures did not appeal to young people. Agreement between friends - To sign an agreement between two friends which included a fee on relapse. Adult support - To organize the model with duo groups and give adapted support. Celebrate and competition - Lift the positive with the freedom of smoke and create the opportunity to win simple prizes to celebrate the achieved interim goals.

    Conclusions: The young people suggested that the model for tobacco cessation would contain adult support and involves an agreement between friends and has elements of celebration and competition. The challenge will be to implement this model into environments where young people live.

  • 18.
    Eek, Niels
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sundström, Christopher
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden;Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Kraepelien, Martin
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lundgren, Jesper
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kaldo, Viktor
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    High- versus low-intensity internet interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUD): A two-year follow-up of a single-blind randomized controlled trial2023In: Internet Interventions, ISSN 2214-7829, Vol. 33, article id 100630Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are widespread and have serious consequences, but are among the most undertreated mental disorders. Internet interventions have been found effective in treating AUD, but we know little about long-term outcomes, two years or more after treatment. This study explored 12- and 24-month outcomes in alcohol consumption following initial 6-month improvements after a therapist-guided high-intensity internet intervention and an unguided low-intensity internet intervention among individuals with alcohol use disorder. Between-group comparisons were analyzed, as well as within-group comparisons with (1) pre-treatment measurements (2) post-treatment measurements. Participants consisted of a general population sample of internet help-seekers in Sweden. A total of 143 adults (47% men) with a score of 14 (women)/16 (men) or more on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, alcohol consumption of 11 (women)/14 (men) or more standard drinks the preceding week and & GE; 2 DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria based on a diagnostic interview were included. The high- and low-intensity internet interventions (n = 72 and n = 71 respectively) consisted of modules based on relapse prevention and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The primary outcome was self-reported alcohol consumption in the preceding week measured as (1) number of standard drinks and (2) number of heavy drinking days. Attrition from self-reported questionnaires was 36% at the 12-month follow-up and 53% at the 24month follow-up. No significant between-group differences occurred in outcomes at either long-term follow-up. Regarding within-group differences, compared to pre-treatment, alcohol consumption was lower in both highand low-intensity interventions at both long-term follow-ups [within-group standard drinks effect sizes varied between g = 0.38-1.04 and heavy drinking days effect sizes varied between g = 0.65-0.94]. Compared to posttreatment, within-group alcohol consumption in the high intensity intervention increased at both follow-ups; for the low-intensity intervention, within-group consumption decreased at 12-month follow-up, but did not differ compared to post-treatment at 24 months. Both high- and low-intensity internet interventions for AUD were thus associated with overall reductions in alcohol consumption at long term follow-ups, with no significant differences between the two. However, conclusions are hampered by differential and non-differential attrition.

  • 19.
    Ferm, Elina
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Studies.
    Stjernfeldt, Mathilda
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Studies.
    "Jag går inte igång på det längre": En kvalitativ studie om hur pornografi kan påverka unga killars sexuella hälsa2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the consequences of young adults’ consumption of pornography and how it affects sexual health. The reason behind the study is the ongoing debate regarding pornographic effects on health. We also want to understand what meaning pornographic have regarding masculinity and how pornography creates and affects males’ view on sexuality and sex in general. In recent times, midwives and researchers within the field have warned Swedish citizens about young people’s sexual health and habits. Reports show that young people engage in hardcore sex which leads to more women having damaged abdomens. This is a new kind of behavior that researchers have not seen before, the researcher’s theory is that this type of sexual behavior is originated from pornography. According to a study made by Folkhälsomyndigheten, 41% of young adults (age 16-29) are the most frequent segment to consume pornography. Therefore, our investigation targeted this segment that is most frequently consuming pornographic. Our investigation approach is qualitative interviews. The interviews were held with ten males within the age range of 20-27 to provide insights into their relationship with and towards pornographic. We also interviewed two sexologists to get some expertise. The theoretical framework for our paper exists of Gagnon & Simon’s theory on Sexual script, Butler’s theory on Performativity, and Connell’s theory on masculinity. Our research shows that consumers of pornographic experience negative effects on their health such as shame, performance anxiety, erection problems, the complexity of the body, and expectations of sex which are incorrect. The results also showed that pornographies don’t have to be harmful, but it is important to be aware of what’s real and not. Regarding the results provided from our investigation, we want schools and parents to put more energy and emphasis on giving a more realistic view of what sexual activity is.

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  • 20.
    Fridell, Mats
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Billsten, Johan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Holmberg, Robert
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Ivarsson, Andreas
    Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Implementing guidelines for interventions in Swedish substance abuse treatment: A national evaluation of outcomes from 2010 to 20142020In: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, ISSN 0740-5472, E-ISSN 1873-6483, Vol. 119, p. 1-12, article id 108123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In 2009, the Swedish government launched a nationwide dissemination and implementation project regarding substance abuse treatment, Knowledge to Practice (KTP), which was commissioned by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (SoS). Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a national project to disseminate and implement evidence-based assessment instruments and treatment methods, and to promote cross-sectional collaboration in substance abuse treatment. Design and recruitment: This study was a naturalistic prospective follow-up study of a sample of 3063 participants in 203 municipalities via five consecutive online surveys. Of the 21 Swedish regions, we included 20. All participants, representing 79.5% of the population, were employed in substance abuse treatment/care within social work and psychiatry. We used individual background variables and factors in the organizational readiness for change (ORC) questionnaire for prediction. Methods: We calculated descriptive statistics using SPSS 24.0. We applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify respondents with distinct growth profiles across five assessment points. Next, we calculated multilevel growth curve analyses using full information maximum likelihood analysis (FIML) in Mplus 8.3. In the analyses, we nested "within-person change" (level 1) in "between-persons analysis" (level 2). We, in turn, nested these in municipalities/regions (level 3). We included both respondents and organizational predictors in levels 2 and 3. We tested four statistical models in the multilevel analyses to predict the outcome. Results: The annual response rate was 59% on average across the five years. Respondents were a homogenous group with regard to education and years of employment, and two thirds were women. We identified four different trajectories nationwide, which showed different growth profiles for the use of methods and assessment instruments. Our results showed a larger between-region variation than within-region variation in outcome indicators. Some regions were more successful than others over the five years. At the respondent level, the years of employment in treatment work was associated with increased use of assessment instruments, while the ORC factor, institutional resources, predicted decreased use of assessment instruments. Specialist competence and the ORC factors staff attributes (job satisfaction, efficacy, and influence) and institutional resources predicted increased use of psychosocial treatment methods. The ORC factor organizational climate was positively associated with increased cross-sectional collaboration activities.

  • 21. Fridell, Mats
    et al.
    Hesse, Marten
    Johnsson, Eva
    High prognostic specificity of antisocial personality disorder in patients with drug dependence.: Results from a five year – up study2006In: American Journal on Addictions, ISSN 1055-0496, Vol. 15, p. 227-232Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Hagberg, Christina
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of pedagogy.
    Att be om hjälp: Hur ser unga vuxna med neuropsykiatriskt funktionshinder på den hjälp och stöd de får idag?2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse för hur unga vuxna med ett neuropsykiatriskt funktionshinder som bor på boenden med särskilt stöd ser på den hjälp och det stöd de får av professionella hjälpare idag. Frågeställningarna är: Hur upplever unga vuxna att de kan få hjälp och stöd med psykiska problem? Vilket inflytande har de på den hjälp de kan få och vilket inflytande har omgivningen (personal och anhöriga) på dem? Studien utgår från den hermeneutiska forskningstraditionen och har en kvalitativ ansats. Sex intervjuer har genomförts med respondenter som bor på boende med särskilt stöd och som har ett neuropsykiatriskt funktionshinder. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har jag valt self-detemination theory, det vill säga: självbestämmandeteorin. Resultatet visar att halva gruppen upplever att de fått god hjälp att hantera svårigheter medans den andra halvan tycker det är svårt att få den hjälp de egentligen behöver. Ibland handlar det om självkänslan, att erkänna att man behöver hjälp känns som att erkänna att det är något fel. Mycket beror på den personal de möter, har de en god relation upplevs allt så mycket enklare.

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  • 23.
    Hanson, Elizabeth
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Swedish Family Care Competence Centre (NKA), Sweden.
    Magnusson, Lennart
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Swedish Family Care Competence Centre (NKA), Sweden.
    Young carer involvement in the EU H2020 ME-WE project2019In: Symposium presentation at "It takes a village..." International Conference: Families experiencing substance abuse, mental or physical health problems, Oslo, Norway, May 14-16, 2019, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Johanson, Stefan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Design.
    The Guide: A Journey Through Holistic Healing2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Graphic Journalism genre is emerging with influences from war reportage with authors like Joe Sacco. I would like to

    address and report the “War on Drugs” from small first hand experiences, personal connections, and a genuine deep desire to see

    the healthcare and justice system change.

    The war on Drugs started in the 1970s during Richard Nixon’s term in the U.S. Presidency. Nixon’s influence to launch the “War

    on Drugs'' campaign began shortly after two congressmen released a report on the growing heroin epidemic that affected hundreds

    to thousands of servicemen who fought in the Vietnam War, who used heroin to treat PTSD. Nixon launched unfair disconnected

    political policy and passed laws that disproportionately targeted those against him and his values (minorities, specifically African

    Americans and anyone belonging to the counterculture “subwhite”).

    The War on Drugs movement started as a way to outcast and control minorities through unrealistic and systemically racist and

    oppressive laws. As the movement evolved so did its focus, the War on Drugs eventually metamorphosed into the “War on Class”, or

    a war against the economically disadvantaged.

    The War on Drugs has done way more harm than good and immediate action needs to be taken to begin to restart drug policy in

    America and within the World. The incomparable Billie Holiday, world renowned jazz singer and creator of “Strange Fruit” once

    said “I need help. Not jail time.” Shortly after her arrest for heroin possession in 1947. In my opinion, these famous words that Billie

    Holiday shared during the day of her arrest should be the leading quote in the much needed movement against the criminalization

    of drug abuse victims.

    Not only does the War on Drugs disproportionately disenfranchise black and brown communities, it makes researching the

    benefits of any type of narcotic that was not fully understood nearly impossible.

    My goal is to reverse the taboos that currently exist throughout our society with a graphic novel/ zine aimed at high school

    students. I believe that future generations can benefit from natural hallucinogens and other forms of holistic medicines in a safe

    way that doesn’t involve them having to access illegal avenues of receiving narcotics in order to remedy their pain. Afterall, there is

    a far greater risk in taking street narcotics due to one’s ability to use an incorrect dosage according to their size and bodily chemistry

    which can ultimately lead to an overdose and street narcotics may include an unknown amount of ingredients, some of which

    include fentanyl, a synthetic product of prohibition that is cheaper than heroin, but far more powerful. Fentanyl is used

    pharmacologically in anesthesia and neuroleptanalgesia and can be extremely harmful to the mind and body.

    I believe extremely deadly drugs like fentanyl would never exist if it wasn’t for the War on Drugs and its consistent agenda to

    demonize the usage of all narcotics without exploring the benefits of holistic medicines like hallucinogens and regulating the usage

    of these medicines through legalization, supervision, FDA regulation, and accessibility within the U.S, Healthcare System.

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  • 25.
    Kvillemo, Pia
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hiltunen, Linda
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Studies.
    Demetry, Youstina
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Carlander, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Hansson, Tim
    Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gripenberg, Johanna
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Elgan, Tobias H.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden.
    Einhorn, Kim
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Skoglund, Charlotte
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Region Stockholm, Sweden;Uppsala University, Sweden.
    How to prevent alcohol and illicit drug use among students in affluent areas: a qualitative study on motivation and attitudes towards prevention2021In: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, E-ISSN 1747-597X, Vol. 16, article id 83Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The use of alcohol and illicit drugs during adolescence can lead to serious short- and long-term health related consequences. Despite a global trend of decreased substance use, in particular alcohol, among adolescents, evidence suggests excessive use of substances by young people in socioeconomically affluent areas. To prevent substance use-related harm, we need in-depth knowledge about the reasons for substance use in this group and how they perceive various prevention interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore motives for using or abstaining from using substances among students in affluent areas as well as their attitudes to, and suggestions for, substance use prevention. Methods: Twenty high school students (age 15-19 years) in a Swedish affluent municipality were recruited through purposive sampling to take part in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis of transcribed interviews was performed. Results: The most prominent motive for substance use appears to be a desire to feel a part of the social milieu and to have high social status within the peer group. Motives for abstaining included academic ambitions, activities requiring sobriety and parental influence. Students reported universal information-based prevention to be irrelevant and hesitation to use selective prevention interventions due to fear of being reported to authorities. Suggested universal prevention concerned reliable information from credible sources, stricter substance control measures for those providing substances, parental involvement, and social leisure activities without substance use. Suggested selective prevention included guaranteed confidentiality and non-judging encounters when seeking help. Conclusions: Future research on substance use prevention targeting students in affluent areas should take into account the social milieu and with advantage pay attention to students' suggestions on credible prevention information, stricter control measures for substance providers, parental involvement, substance-free leisure, and confidential ways to seek help with a non-judging approach from adults.

  • 26.
    Nilsson, Emma
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences.
    Finns det en relation mellan användning av smarta telefoner och aktiviteten i hjärnans belöningssystem?2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction and aim: The use of smartphones is increasing around the globe. Problematic use of smartphones is being more common. Therefore, the aim of this literature study was to investigate the relationship between smartphone use and physiological alterations in the reward system of the brain.

    Method: A systematic literature search using PubMed was conducted using the words ”smartphone and dopamine release”, ”smartphone and dopamine”, ”smartphone and mri and addiction”. According to inclusion criteria, peer-reviewed articles containing studies about problematic smart-phone use and physiological alterations in the reward system of the brain, no more than 5 years old were included.

    Results: Significant correlations between smart-phone use and activity of transmitter substances in the reward system of the brain were found.

    Discussion: This literature study found some support that significant correlations between problematic smart phone use and alterations in the reward system of the brain exists, but the results were somehow inconclusive.Conclusion: In conclusion, problematic smartphone use seems to be related to physiological alterations in the reward system of the brain. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed for more reliable results. Also, future studies should distinguish between different problematic smart phone use, for example, gambling addiction and social media.

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  • 27.
    Richert, Torkel
    et al.
    Malmö University, Sweden.
    Anderberg, Mats
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Dahlberg, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    Mental health problems among young people in substance abuse treatment in Sweden2020In: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, E-ISSN 1747-597X, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 1-10, article id 43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Young people with substance use problems face a high risk of co-occurring mental health problems, something that may involve a more difficult life situation, social problems as well as worse treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyse self-reported mental health problems among young people receiving outpatient treatment for substance use problems in Sweden. We explore what types of mental health problems are more or less predominant, and whether there are significant differences between boys and girls. In addition, we analyse how various mental health problems covary with indicators of substance abuse severity. Methods The study is based on structured interviews with 1970 young people enrolled at outpatient clinics in 11 Swedish cities. The data was analysed through frequency- and averages-calculations, Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Self-reported mental health problems were common among the young people in the study. A relatively large percentage of the total group (34-54%) reported problems such as concentration difficulties, sleeping difficulties, anxiety and depression. At the same time, many of the young people did not report any symptoms and only a small group, about 20%, reported diagnosed mental health disorders. The results show substantial gender differences, with girls reporting significantly higher levels of mental health problems. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between severity of drug use problems and anxiety, concentration difficulties, aggression, hallucinations and mental stress caused by experiences of trauma. Conclusions Treatment needs are diverse within this group of young people who use drugs. Since girls report higher levels of all mental health problems, and a larger burden of psychosocial risk factors than boys, they are likely to require more comprehensive treatment interventions. The link between more severe drug problems and mental health problems points to the importance of exploring this relationship in treatment. A multidisciplinary approach, in which co-occurring problems can be addressed simultaneously, may be the best treatment form for many young people with drug problems.

  • 28.
    Sarajärvi, Karolin
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Gustavsson, Camilla
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Jag kan inte göra allt, men jag kan göra något: En kvalitativ intervjustudie om hur missbruk kan förhindras och stödet som behövs vid avslut2012Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Droger är någonting som funnits under en lång tid. Många använder droger som hjälp mot olika psykiska problem och detta påverkar fysiken, psyket och det sociala livet på ett negativt sätt. Det finns en okunskap om missbruk inom vården.

    Syfte: Att belysa hur personer med tidigare missbruksproblematik upplever att de kunnat få stöd för att förhindra och avsluta sitt missbruk.

    Metod: En intervjustudie med fyra män och tre kvinnor med avslutat missbruk. Vid analys av material användes Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa innehållsanalys.

    Resultat: Samtliga informanter upplevde att deras otrygga bakgrunder med brist av stöd och närhet från föräldrarna var en anledning till deras låga självkänsla och därmed deras missbruksdebut. De upplevde stora brister i vården vad gällde stöd och hjälp för att kunna avsluta missbruket. 

    Slutsatser: Informanterna upplevde brister i vården som gjort att de inte fått det stöd och hjälp de var i behov av. Författarna till studien anser att en förbättring av vården behövs för att kunna stödja missbrukare och ge dem de rätta verktygen för att kunna avsluta missbruket. Det finns även ett behov av en större förståelse för missbrukares livsvärld och orsak till missbruk då de negativa attityder inom vården kan komma påverka kvalitén på den hjälp som ges.

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  • 29. Skagerström, Janna
    et al.
    Alehagen, Siw
    Häggström-Nordin, Elisabet
    Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linköpings universitet.
    Nilsen, Per
    Prevalence of alcohol use before and during pregnancy and predictors of drinking during pregnancy: a cross sectional study in Sweden.2013In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 780-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of research on predictors for drinking during pregnancy among women in Sweden and reported prevalence rates differ considerably between studies conducted at different antenatal care centres. Since this knowledge is relevant for preventive work the aim of this study was to investigate these issues using a multicenter approach.

    METHODS: The study was conducted at 30 antenatal care centers across Sweden from November 2009 to December 2010. All women in pregnancy week 18 or more with a scheduled visit were asked to participate in the study. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic data, alcohol consumption prior to and during the pregnancy, tobacco use before and during pregnancy, and social support.

    RESULTS: Questionnaires from 1594 women were included in the study. A majority, 84%, of the women reported alcohol consumption the year prior to pregnancy; about 14% were categorized as having hazardous consumption, here defined as a weekly consumption of > 9 standard drinks containing 12 grams of pure alcohol or drinking more than 4 standard drinks at the same occasion. Approximately 6% of the women consumed alcohol at least once after pregnancy recognition, of which 92% never drank more than 1 standard drink at a time. Of the women who were hazardous drinkers before pregnancy, 19% reduced their alcohol consumption when planning their pregnancy compared with 33% of the women with moderate alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy. Factors predicting alcohol consumption during pregnancy were older age, living in a large city, using tobacco during pregnancy, lower score for social support, stronger alcohol habit before pregnancy and higher score for social drinking motives.

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of drinking during pregnancy is relatively low in Sweden. However, 84% of the women report drinking in the year preceding pregnancy and most of these women continue to drink until pregnancy recognition, which means that they might have consumed alcohol in early pregnancy. Six factors were found to predict alcohol consumption during pregnancy. These factors should be addressed in the work to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies.

  • 30. Socialstyrelsen, Projektgrupp
    Fridell, Mats (Contributor)
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology. Lunds universitet.
    Nationella Riktlinjer för vård och stöd vid missbruk och beroende.: stöd för styrning och ledning2015Report (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Sundström, Christopher
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Univ Regina, Canada.
    Eek, Niels
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kraepelien, Martin
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Fahlke, Claudia
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gajecki, Mikael
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Jakobson, Miriam
    Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Beckman, Maria
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Kaldo, Viktor
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    High- versus low-intensity internet interventions for alcohol use disorders: results of a three-armed randomized controlled superiority trial2020In: Addiction, ISSN 0965-2140, E-ISSN 1360-0443, Vol. 115, no 5, p. 863-874Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims To test the efficacy of a therapist-guided high-intensity internet intervention compared with an unguided low-intensity internet intervention among individuals with alcohol use disorder. Design A three-group randomized controlled trial with follow-up assessments post-treatment (12 weeks) and 6 months post-randomization (primary end-point). Settings General population sample in Sweden. Participants A total of 166 on-line self-referred adults (49% males) with a score of 14 (females)/16 (males) or more on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a preceding week alcohol consumption of 11 (females)/14 (males) or more standard drinks and an alcohol use disorder according to a diagnostic interview. Interventions and comparators Both the high- (n = 72) and low-intensity internet interventions (n = 71) consisted of modules based on relapse prevention. Controls were on a waiting-list (n = 23), and were only followed until the post-treatment follow-up. Participants were randomized at a 7 : 7 : 2 ratio. Measurements Primary outcome was self-reported alcohol consumption in the preceding week measured as (1) number of standard drinks and (2) number of heavy drinking days at the 6-month follow-up. Findings Alcohol use disorders were largely in the severe category (74.7%), with the majority of participants having had alcohol problems for more than 5 years. Attrition was 13 and 22% at the post-treatment and 6-month follow-up, respectively. At the 6-month follow-up, an intent-to-treat analysis showed no significant differences in alcohol consumption between the high- and low-intensity interventions [standard drinks d = -0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.50 to 0.16; heavy drinking days: d = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.40 to 0.26]. Prevalence of negative effects was somewhat low (8-14%) in both intervention groups, as was deterioration (3-5%). Conclusions At 6-month follow-up, there were no significant differences between a therapist-guided high-intensity internet intervention and an unguided low-intensity internet intervention in reducing alcohol consumption among individuals with an alcohol use disorder.

  • 32.
    Sundström, Christopher
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden;Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Eek, Niels
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kraepelien, Martin
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Kaldo, Viktor
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
    Berman, Anne H.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden;Stockholm County Council, Sweden;Uppsala University, Sweden.
    What Predicts Treatment Adherence and Low-Risk Drinking?: An Exploratory Study of Internet Interventions for Alcohol Use Disorders2023In: European Addiction Research, ISSN 1022-6877, E-ISSN 1421-9891, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 34-43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Internet interventions for alcohol problems are effective, but not all participants are helped. Further, the importance of adherence has often been neglected in research on internet interventions for alcohol problems. Prediction analysis can help in prospectively assessing participants' probability of success, and ideally, this information could be used to tailor internet interventions to individual needs. Methods: Data were obtained from a randomized controlled trial on internet interventions for alcohol use disorders. Twenty-nine candidate predictors were run in univariate logistic regressions with two dichotomous dependent outcomes: adherence (defined as completing at least 60% of the treatment modules) and low-risk drinking (defined as drinking within national public health guidelines) at two time points - immediately post-treatment and at the 6-month follow-up. Significant predictors were entered hierarchically into domain-specific logistic regressions. In the final models, predictors still showing significant effects were run in multiple logistic regressions. Results: One predictor significantly predicted adherence: treatment credibility (as in how logical the treatment is and how successful one perceives the treatment to be) assessed during the third week of the intervention. Four predictors significantly predicted low-risk drinking at the post-treatment follow-up: pre-treatment abstinence (i.e., not drinking during the 7 days before treatment started), being of the male gender, and two personality factors - a low degree of antagonism and a high degree of alexithymia. At the 6-month follow-up, pre-treatment abstinence was the only significant predictor. Conclusion: Adherence was not predictive of low-risk drinking. Personality variables may have predictive value and should be studied further. Those who abstain from alcohol during the week before treatment starts have a higher likelihood of achieving low-risk drinking than people who initially continue drinking.

  • 33.
    Swahnberg, Katarina
    et al.
    Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
    Berterö, Carina
    Minimizing human dignity: staff perception of abuse in health care2012In: Clinical Ethics, ISSN 1477-7509, E-ISSN 1758-101X, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 33-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In earlier studies we have shown that abuse in health care (AHC) is commonly reported among both male and female patients. In this study, we present an evaluation of an intervention against AHC based on Forum Play. The evaluation was conducted by means of pre- and postintervention interviews with the staff at a woman's clinic. The interviews were analysed using the constant comparative method. The results of this postintervention study stand out in loud contrast to the results of the preintervention studies. Staff had moved from a distant and fluctuating awareness of AHC to a standpoint characterized by both moral imagination and a sense of responsibility.

  • 34.
    Thurang, Anna
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Bengtsson-Tops, Anita
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Living an unstable everyday life while attempting to perform normality - the meaning of living as an alcohol-dependent woman2013In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 22, no 3-4, p. 423-433Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and objectives To illuminate the meaning of living with alcohol dependency as a woman. Background The number of women suffering from alcohol dependency is increasing. Today there are shortcomings in knowledge about the lived experiences of being a woman with alcohol dependency; knowledge which might be of importance for meeting these women's specific needs of care. Design The study has a qualitative design. Fourteen women with alcohol dependency participated in open in-depth interviews. Method Data were analysed according to a phenomenological-hermeneutic method, and interpreted by help from gender and caring perspectives as well as results from previous research of alcohol dependency. Results In relation to the women's senses of well-being, four main gender formations were found; An unstable self involving continual and rapid swings between emotional and bodily reactions. Ambivalence meaning ambiguous feelings towards themselves as human beings and how they lead their lives. Introspectiveness involving reflections, pondering and being introverted. Attempts to perform normality covering dealing with life through various strategies and facades to live up to the expectations of how to behave as a woman. Conclusion Living with alcohol dependency as a woman constitutes of a rapid shifting everyday life resulting in senses of alienation as well as private introspection leading to self-degradation, and to a lesser extent meaningfulness and hope. It also constitutes of managing to perform normality. Relevance to clinical practice When supporting women with alcohol dependency towards wellbeing, professionals need to work towards approaching the woman's inner thoughts, share them and reflect over them together. To support these women to find balance in life, caregivers need to cooperate with the women to find out how best to live a life adjusted to the woman's abilities and wishes.

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