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  • 1.
    Aguilera, Anabella
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Alegria Zufia, Javier
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Bas Conn, Laura
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Gurlit, Leandra
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Śliwińska‐Wilczewska, Sylwia
    Mount Allison University, Canada;University of Gdansk, Poland.
    Budzałek, Gracjana
    University of Gdansk, Poland.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Legrand, Catherine
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Farnelid, Hanna
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Ecophysiological analysis reveals distinct environmental preferences in closely related Baltic Sea picocyanobacteria2023Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 25, nr 9, s. 1674-1695Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cluster 5 picocyanobacteria significantly contribute to primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. Estuarine populations are highly diverse and consist of many co-occurring strains, but their physiology remains largely understudied. In this study, we characterized 17 novel estuarine picocyanobacterial strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and pigment genes (cpcBandcpeBA) uncovered multiple estuarine and freshwater-related clusters and pigment types. Assays with five representative strains (three phycocyanin rich and two phycoerythrin rich) under temperature (10–30°C), light(10–190 μmol  photons  m-2s-1), and salinity (2–14  PSU) gradients revealed distinct growth optima and tolerance, indicating that genetic variability was accompanied by physiological diversity. Adaptability to environmental conditions was associated with differential pigment content and photosynthetic performance. Amplicon sequence variants at a coastal and an offshore station linked population dynamics with phylogenetic clusters, supporting that strains isolated in this study represent key ecotypes within the Baltic Sea picocyanobacterial community. The functional diversity found within strains with the same pigment type suggests that understanding estuarine picocyanobacterial ecology requires analysis beyond the phycocyanin and phycoerythrin divide. This new knowledge of the environmental preferences in estuarine picocyanobacteria is important for understanding and evaluating productivity in current and future ecosystems.

  • 2.
    Akram, Neelam
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Palovaara, Joakim
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Forsberg, Jeremy
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Lindh, Markus V.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Milton, Debra L.
    Luo, Haiwei
    Gonzalez, Jose M.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Regulation of proteorhodopsin gene expression by nutrient limitation in the marine bacterium Vibrio sp AND42013Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 15, nr 5, s. 1400-1415Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Proteorhodopsin (PR), a ubiquitous membrane photoprotein in marine environments, acts as a light-driven proton pump and can provide energy for bacterial cellular metabolism. However, knowledge of factors that regulate PR gene expression in different bacteria remains strongly limited. Here, experiments with Vibrio sp. AND4 showed that PR phototrophy promoted survival only in cells from stationary phase and not in actively growing cells. PR gene expression was tightly regulated, with very low values in exponential phase, a pronounced peak at the exponential/stationary phase intersection, and a marked decline in stationary phase. Thus, PR gene expression at the entry into stationary phase preceded, and could therefore largely explain, the stationary phase light-induced survival response in AND4. Further experiments revealed nutrient limitation, not light exposure, regulated this differential PR expression. Screening of available marine vibrios showed that the PR gene, and thus the potential for PR phototrophy, is found in at least three different clusters in the genus Vibrio. In an ecological context, our findings suggest that some PR-containing bacteria adapted to the exploitation of nutrient-rich micro-environments rely on a phase of relatively slowly declining resources to mount a cellular response preparing them for adverse conditions dispersed in the water column.

  • 3. Allers, E
    et al.
    Gomez-Consarnau, Laura
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Simek, K
    Gasol, JM
    Pernthaler, J
    Population dynamics of Alteromonas and Roseobacter in marine mesocosms after substrate and nutrient manipulations2007Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 9, s. 2417-2429Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 4. Alonso-Saez, Laura
    et al.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV.
    Pernthaler, Jakob
    Gasol, Josep M.
    Leucine-to-carbon empirical conversion factor experiments: does bacterial community structure have an influence?2010Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 12, nr 11, s. 2988-2997Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The suitability of applying empirical conversion factors (eCFs) to determine bacterial biomass production remains unclear because seawater cultures are usually overtaken by phylotypes that are not abundant in situ. While eCFs vary across environments, it has not been tested whether differences in eCFs are driven by changes in bacterial community composition or by in situ environmental conditions. We carried out seawater cultures throughout a year to analyse the correlation between eCFs and bacterial community structure, analysed by catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization. Gammaproteobacteria usually dominated seawater cultures, but their abundance exhibited a wide range (25–73% of cell counts) and significantly increased with inorganic nutrient enrichment. Flavobacteria were less abundant but increased up to 40% of cells counts in winter seawater cultures, when in situ chlorophyll a was high. The correlations between eCFs and the abundance of the main broad phylogenetic groups (Gamma-, Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria) were significant, albeit weak, while more specific groups (Alteromonadaceae and Rhodobacteraceae) were not significantly correlated. Our results show that the frequent development of the fast-growing group Alteromonadaceae in seawater cultures does not strongly drive the observed variations in eCFs. Rather, the results imply that environmental conditions and the growth of specific phylotypes interact to determine eCFs.

  • 5.
    Baltar, Federico
    et al.
    Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Ciencias Mar, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain.
    Sintes, Eva
    van Aken, Hendrik M.
    Gasol, Josep M.
    Arístegui, Javier
    Herndl, Gerhard J.
    Prokaryotic extracellular enzymatic activity in relation to biomass production and respiration in the meso- and bathypelagic waters of the (sub)tropical Atlantic2009Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 11, nr 8, s. 1998-2014Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    P>Prokaryotic extracellular enzymatic activity, abundance, heterotrophic production and respiration were determined in the meso- and bathypelagic (sub)tropical North Atlantic. While prokaryotic heterotrophic production (PHP) decreased from the lower euphotic layer to the bathypelagic waters by two orders of magnitude, prokaryotic abundance and cell-specific PHP decreased only by one order of magnitude. In contrast to cell-specific PHP, cell-specific extracellular enzymatic activity (alpha- and beta-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase) increased with depth as did cell-specific respiration rates. Cell-specific alkaline phosphatase activity increased from the intermediate water masses to the deep waters up to fivefold. Phosphate concentrations, however, varied only by a factor of two between the different water masses, indicating that phosphatase activity is not related to phosphate availability in the deep waters. Generally, cell-specific extracellular enzymatic activities were inversely related to cell-specific prokaryotic leucine incorporation. Thus, it is apparent that the utilization of deep ocean organic matter is linked to higher cell-specific extracellular enzymatic activity and respiration and lower cell-specific PHP than in surface waters. 

  • 6.
    Boström, Kjärstin H.
    et al.
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Reimann, Lasse
    Kühl, Michael
    Hagström, Åke
    Isolation and gene quantification of heterotrophic N2-fixing bacterioplankton in the Baltic Sea2007Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 9, nr 1, s. 152-164Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 7.
    Brindefalk, Bjorn
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Ekman, Martin
    Stockholm University.
    Ininbergs, Karolina
    Stockholm University.
    Dupont, Christopher L.
    J Craig Venter Inst, USA.
    Yooseph, Shibu
    J Craig Venter Inst, USA.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Bergman, Birgitta
    Stockholm University.
    Distribution and expression of microbial rhodopsins in the Baltic Sea and adjacent waters2016Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 18, nr 12, s. 4442-4455Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Rhodopsins are light-driven ion-pumping membrane proteins found in many organisms and are proposed to be of global importance for oceanic microbial energy generation. Several studies have focused on marine environments, with less exploration of rhodopsins in brackish waters. We investigated microbial rhodopsins in the Baltic Sea using size-fractionated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets collected along a salinity gradient spanning from similar to 0 to 35 PSU. The normalised genomic abundance of rhodopsins in Bacteria, as well as rhodopsin gene expression, was highest in the smallest size fraction (0.1-0.8 mu m), relative to the medium (0.8-3.0 mu m) and large (> 3.0 mu m) size fractions. The abundance of rhodopsins in the two smaller size fractions displayed a positive correlation with salinity. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes rhodopsins were the most abundant while Actinobacteria rhodopsins, or actinorhodopsins, were common at lower salinities. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that rhodopsins have adapted independently to the marine-brackish transition on multiple occasions, giving rise to green light-adapted variants from ancestral blue light-adapted ones. A notable diversity of viral-like rhodopsins was also detected in the dataset and potentially linked with eukaryotic phytoplankton blooms. Finally, a new clade of likely proton-pumping rhodopsin with non-canonical amino acids in the spectral tuning and proton accepting site was identified.

  • 8.
    Celepli, Narin
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Sundh, John
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Ekman, Martin
    Stockholm University.
    Dupont, Chris L.
    J. Craig Venter Institute, USA.
    Yooseph, Shibu
    University of Central Florida, USA.
    Bergman, Birgitta
    Stockholm University.
    Ininbergs, Karolina
    Stockholm University.
    Meta-omic analyses of Baltic Sea cyanobacteria: diversity, community structure and salt acclimation2017Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 19, nr 2, s. 673-686Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cyanobacteria are important phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea, an estuarine-like environment with pronounced north to south gradients in salinity and nutrient concentrations. Here, we present a metagenomic and -transcriptomic survey, with subsequent analyses targeting the genetic identity, phylogenetic diversity, and spatial distribution of Baltic Sea cyanobacteria. The cyanobacterial community constituted close to 12% of the microbial population sampled during a pre-bloom period (June-July 2009). The community was dominated by unicellular picocyanobacteria, specifically a few highly abundant taxa (Synechococcus and Cyanobium) with a long tail of low abundance representatives, and local peaks of bloom-forming heterocystous taxa. Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea differed genetically from those in adjacent limnic and marine waters as well as from cultivated and sequenced picocyanobacterial strains. Diversity peaked at brackish salinities 3.5-16psu, with low N:P ratios. A shift in community composition from brackish to marine strains was accompanied by a change in the repertoire and expression of genes involved in salt acclimation. Overall, the pre-bloom cyanobacterial population was more genetically diverse, widespread and abundant than previously documented, with unicellular picocyanobacteria being the most abundant clade along the entire Baltic Sea salinity gradient.

  • 9.
    Cerro-Galvez, Elena
    et al.
    CSIC - IDAEA, Spain.
    Casal, Paulo
    CSIC - IDAEA, Spain.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pina, Benjamin
    CSIC - IDAEA, Spain.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Dachs, Jordi
    CSIC - IDAEA, Spain.
    Vila-Costa, Maria
    CSIC - IDAEA, Spain.
    Microbial responses to anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon in the Arctic and Antarctic coastal seawaters2019Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 21, nr 4, s. 1466-1481Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Thousands of semi-volatile hydrophobic organic pollutants (OPs) reach open oceans through atmospheric deposition, causing a chronic and ubiquitous pollution by anthropogenic dissolved organic carbon (ADOC). Hydrophobic ADOC accumulates in cellular lipids, inducing harmful effects on marine biota, and can be partially prone to microbial degradation. Unfortunately, their possible effects on microorganisms, key drivers of global biogeochemical cycles, remain unknown. We challenged coastal microbial communities from Ny-angstrom lesund (Arctic) and Livingston Island (Antarctica) with ADOC concentrations within the range of oceanic concentrations in 24 h. ADOC addition elicited clear transcriptional responses in multiple microbial heterotrophic metabolisms in ubiquitous groups such as Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria and SAR11. Importantly, a suite of cellular adaptations and detoxifying mechanisms, including remodelling of membrane lipids and transporters, was detected. ADOC exposure also changed the composition of microbial communities, through stimulation of rare biosphere taxa. Many of these taxa belong to recognized OPs degraders. This work shows that ADOC at environmentally relevant concentrations substantially influences marine microbial communities. Given that emissions of organic pollutants are growing during the Anthropocene, the results shown here suggest an increasing influence of ADOC on the structure of microbial communities and the biogeochemical cycles regulated by marine microbes.

  • 10.
    Comte, Jerome
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden;Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canada.
    Berga, Merce
    Uppsala University, Sweden;Warnemunde IOW, Germany.
    Severin, Ina
    Uppsala University, Sweden;Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Germany.
    Logue, Jürg Brendan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Lindström, Eva S.
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Contribution of different bacterial dispersal sources to lakes: Population and community effects in different seasons2017Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 19, nr 6, s. 2391-2404Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The diversity and composition of lake bacterial communities are driven by the interplay between local contemporary environmental conditions and dispersal of cells from the surroundings, i.e. the metacommunity. Still, a conceptual understanding of the relative importance of the two types of factors is lacking. For instance, it is unknown which sources of dispersal are most important and under which circumstances. Here, we investigated the seasonal variation in the importance of dispersal from different sources (mixing, precipitation, surface runoff and sediment resuspension) for lake bacterioplankton community and population dynamics. For that purpose, two small forest lakes and their dispersal sources were sampled over a period of 10 months. The influence of dispersal on communities and populations was determined by 454 sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and SourceTracker analysis. On the community level direct effects of dispersal were questionable from all sources. Instead we found that the community of the preceding sampling occasion, representing growth of resident bacteria, was of great importance. On the population level, however, dispersal of individual taxa from the inlet could be occasionally important even under low water flow. The effect of sediment resuspension and precipitation appeared small.

  • 11.
    Cornejo-Castillo, Francisco M.
    et al.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA;CSIC, Spain.
    del Carmen Munoz-Marin, Maria
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA;Univ Cordoba, Spain.
    Turk-Kubo, Kendra A.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    Royo-Llonch, Marta
    CSIC, Spain.
    Farnelid, Hanna
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    Acinas, Silvia G.
    CSIC, Spain.
    Zehr, Jonathan P.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    UCYN-A3, a newly characterized open ocean sublineage of the symbiotic N2-fixing cyanobacterium Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa2019Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 21, nr 1, s. 111-124Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The symbiotic unicellular cyanobacterium Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa (UCYN-A) is one of the most abundant and widespread nitrogen (N-2)-fixing cyanobacteria in the ocean. Although it remains uncultivated, multiple sublineages have been detected based on partial nitrogenase (nifH) gene sequences, including the four most commonly detected sublineages UCYN-A1, UCYN-A2, UCYN-A3 and UCYN-A4. However, very little is known about UCYN-A3 beyond the nifH sequences from nifH gene diversity surveys. In this study, single cell sorting, DNA sequencing, qPCR and CARD-FISH assays revealed discrepancies involving the identification of sublineages, which led to new information on the diversity of the UCYN-A symbiosis. 16S rRNA and nifH gene sequencing on single sorted cells allowed us to identify the 16S rRNA gene of the uncharacterized UCYN-A3 sublineage. We designed new CARD-FISH probes that allowed us to distinguish and observe UCYN-A2 in a coastal location (SIO Pier; San Diego) and UCYN-A3 in an open ocean location (Station ALOHA; Hawaii). Moreover, we reconstructed about 13% of the UCYN-A3 genome from Tara Oceans metagenomic data. Finally, our findings unveil the UCYN-A3 symbiosis in open ocean waters suggesting that the different UCYN-A sublineages are distributed along different size fractions of the plankton defined by the cell-size ranges of their prymnesiophyte hosts.

  • 12.
    Dinasquet, Julie
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark.
    Kragh, Theis
    Schroter, Marie-Louise
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Sondergaard, Morten
    Riemann, Lasse
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark.
    Functional and compositional succession of bacterioplankton in response to a gradient in bioavailable dissolved organic carbon2013Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 15, nr 9, s. 2616-2628Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies indicate that bacterial taxa utilize different fractions of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool, while others suggest functional redundancy among constituents of bacterioplankton, implying only a weak coupling between community structure and function. We examined bacterial compositional and functional [ectoenzymatic activities and growth efficiency; bacterial growth efficiency (BGE)] responses to a gradient in bioavailable DOC (bDOC). This was achieved over 10 days in DOC utilization assays containing Baltic Sea water with variable amounts of natural bDOC. Measurements of bacterial growth, O-2 and DOC consumption in the assays using non-invasive sampling showed that BGE changed over time and that the bDOC utilized accounted for 4-13% of the DOC pool. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated minor differences at the phylum level between samples, whereas larger successional differences were discernible at lower phylogenetic levels. Our study suggests that changes in concentrations of bDOC affect bacterioplankton BGE and community structure by selecting for some taxa while the relative abundance of most taxa remained unaffected. Ectoenzymes activities suggested preferential degradation of protein-rich compounds by bacteria, switching to carbohydrate-rich DOC when proteins were depleted. Hence, there was a fairly weak linkage between bacterial community composition and DOC utilization suggesting that overall bacterioplankton community structure only to some extent has predictive power for processing of the DOC pool.

  • 13.
    Dinasquet, Julie
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Copenhagen, Denmark ; Scripps Inst Oceanography, USA.
    Richert, Inga
    Uppsala University ; UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Germany.
    Logares, Ramiro
    CSIC, Spain.
    Yager, Patricia
    Univ Georgia, USA.
    Bertilsson, Stefan
    Uppsala University.
    Riemann, Lasse
    Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Mixing of water masses caused by a drifting iceberg affects bacterial activity, community composition and substrate utilization capability in the Southern Ocean2017Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 19, nr 6, s. 2453-2467Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The number of icebergs produced from ice-shelf disintegration has increased over the past decade in Antarctica. These drifting icebergs mix the water column, influence stratification and nutrient condition, and can affect local productivity and food web composition. Data on whether icebergs affect bacterioplankton function and composition are scarce, however. We assessed the influence of iceberg drift on bacterial community composition and on their ability to exploit carbon substrates during summer in the coastal Southern Ocean. An elevated bacterial production and a different community composition were observed in iceberg-influenced waters relative to the undisturbed water column nearby. These major differences were confirmed in short-term incubations with bromodeoxyuridine followed by CARD-FISH. Furthermore, one-week bottle incubations amended with inorganic nutrients and carbon substrates (a mix of substrates, glutamine, Nacetylglucosamine, or pyruvate) revealed contrasting capacity of bacterioplankton to utilize specific carbon substrates in the iceberg-influenced waters compared with the undisturbed site. Our study demonstrates that the hydrographical perturbations introduced by a drifting iceberg can affect activity, composition, and substrate utilization capability of marine bacterioplankton. Consequently, in a context of global warming, increased frequency of drifting icebergs in polar regions holds the potential to affect carbon and nutrient biogeochemistry at local and possibly regional scales.

  • 14.
    Dopson, Mark
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV.
    Johnson, D. Barrie
    Biodiversity, metabolism and applications of acidophilic sulfur-metabolizing microorganisms2012Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 14, nr 10, s. 2620-2631Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Extremely acidic, sulfur-rich environments can be natural, such as solfatara fields in geothermal and volcanic areas, or anthropogenic, such as acid mine drainage waters. Many species of acidophilic bacteria and archaea are known to be involved in redox transformations of sulfur, using elemental sulfur and inorganic sulfur compounds as electron donors or acceptors in reactions involving between one and eight electrons. This minireview describes the nature and origins of acidic, sulfur-rich environments, the biodiversity of sulfur-metabolizing acidophiles, and how sulfur is metabolized and assimilated by acidophiles under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Finally, existing and developing technologies that harness the abilities of sulfur-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing acidophiles to extract and capture metals, and to remediate sulfur-polluted waste waters are outlined.

  • 15.
    Farnelid, Hanna
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Harder, Jens
    Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Dept Microbiol, Bremen, Germany.
    Bentzon-Tilia, Mikkel
    Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Riemann, Lasse
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Isolation of heterotrophic diazotrophic bacteria from estuarine surface waters2014Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 16, nr 10, s. 3072-3082Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The wide distribution of diverse nitrogenase (nifH) genes affiliated with those of heterotrophic bacteria in marine and estuarine waters indicates ubiquity and an ecologically relevant role for heterotrophic N-2-fixers (diazotrophs) in aquatic nitrogen (N) cycling. However, the lack of cultivated representatives currently precludes an evaluation of their N-2-fixing capacity. In this study, microoxic or anoxic N-free media were inoculated with estuarine Baltic Sea surface water to select for N-2-fixers. After visible growth and isolation of single colonies on oxic plates or in anoxic agar tubes, nifH gene amplicons were obtained from 64 strains and nitrogenase activity, applying the acetylene reduction assay, was confirmed for 40 strains. Two strains, one Gammaproteobacterium affiliated with Pseudomonas and one Alphaproteobacterium affiliated with Rhodopseudomonas were shown to represent established members of the indigenous diazotrophic community in the Baltic Sea, with abundances of up to 7.9x10(4) and 4.7x10(4)nifH copies l(-1) respectively. This study reports media for successful isolation of heterotrophic diazotrophs. The applied methodology and the obtained strains will facilitate future identification of factors controlling heterotrophic diazotrophic activity in aquatic environments, which is a prerequisite for understanding and evaluating their ecology and contribution to N cycling at local and regional scales.

  • 16.
    Farnelid, Hanna
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    Turk-Kubo, Kendra
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    Zehr, Jonathan P.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
    Cell sorting reveals few novel prokaryote and photosynthetic picoeukaryote associations in the oligotrophic ocean2021Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 23, nr 3, s. 1469-1480Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Close associations between single-celled marine organisms can have a central role in biogeochemical processes and are of great interest for understanding the evolution of organisms. The global significance of such associations raises the question of whether unidentified associations are yet to be discovered. In this study, fluorescence-activated cell sorted photosynthetic picoeukayote (PPE) populations and single cells were analysed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Samples were collected during two cruises, spanning depths near the deep chlorophyll maximum, where the abundance of PPEs was highest. The association between the widespread and significant nitrogen (N-2)-fixing cyanobacterium, UCYN-A and its prymnesiophyte host was prevalent in both population and single-cell sorts. Several bacterial sequences, affiliating with previously described symbiotic taxa were detected but their detection was rare and not well replicated, precluding identification of novel tightly linked species-specific associations. Similarly, no enrichment of dominant seawater taxa such as Prochlorococcus, SAR11 or Synechococcus was observed suggesting that these were not systematically ingested by the PPE in this study. The results indicate that apart from the UCYN-A symbiosis, similar tight species-specific associations with PPEs are unusual in the oligotrophic ocean.

  • 17.
    Figueroa, Daniela
    et al.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Capo, Eric
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Lindh, Markus V.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sweden.
    Rowe, Owen F.
    Baltic Marine Environm Protect Commiss HELCOM, Finland.
    Paczkowska, Joanna
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inflow drives temporal dynamics of the bacterial community of a subarctic estuary (northern Baltic Sea)2021Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 23, nr 8, s. 4200-4213Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change is projected to cause increased inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter to coastal areas in northerly regions. Estuarine bacterial community will thereby receive larger loads of organic matter and inorganic nutrients available for microbial metabolism. The composition of the bacterial community and its ecological functions may thus be affected. We studied the responses of bacterial community to inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter in a subarctic estuary in the northern Baltic Sea, using a 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach. Betaproteobacteria dominated during the spring river flush, constituting similar to 60% of the bacterial community. Bacterial diversity increased as the runoff decreased during summer, when Verrucomicrobia, Betaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria and Planctomycetes dominated the community. Network analysis revealed that a larger number of associations between bacterial populations occurred during the summer than in spring. Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes populations appeared to display similar correlations to environmental factors. In spring, freshly discharged organic matter favoured specialists, while in summer a mix of autochthonous and terrestrial organic matter promoted the development of generalists. Our study indicates that increased inflows of terrestrial organic matter-loaded freshwater to coastal areas would promote specialist bacteria, which in turn might enhance the transformation of terrestrial organic matter in estuarine environments.

  • 18. Fistarol, Giovana
    et al.
    Legrand, Catherine
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Rengefors, Karin
    Granéli, Edna
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Temporary cyst formation in phytoplankton: a response to allelopathic competitors?2004Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 6, nr 8, s. 791-798Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Competition among phytoplankton for limiting resources may involve direct or indirect interactions. A direct interaction of competitors is the release of chemicals that inhibit other species, a process known as allelopathy. Here, we investigated the allelopathic effect of three toxic microalgae species (Alexandrium tamarense, Karenia mikimotoi and Chrysochromulina polylepis) on a natural population of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea. Our major findings were that in addition to causing death of S. trochoidea cells, the allelopathic species also induced the formation of temporary cysts in S. trochoidea. Because cysts were not lysed, encystment may act as a defence mechanism for S. trochoidea to resist allelochemicals, especially when the allelopathic effect is moderate. By forming temporary cysts, S. trochoidea may be able to overcome the effect of allelochemicals, and thereby have an adaptive advantage over other organisms unable to do so.

  • 19.
    Gómez-Consarnau, Laura
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV.
    Lindh, Markus V.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV.
    Gasol, Josep M.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV.
    Structuring of bacterioplankton communities by specific dissolved organic carbon compounds2012Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 14, nr 9, s. 2361-2378Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The main role of microorganisms in the cycling of the bulk dissolved organic carbon pool in the ocean is well established. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if particular bacteria preferentially utilize specific carbon compounds and whether such compounds have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Enrichment experiments in the Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea and the North Sea (Skagerrak) showed that different low-molecular-weight organic compounds, with a proven importance for the growth of marine bacteria (e.g. amino acids, glucose, dimethylsulphoniopropionate, acetate or pyruvate), in most cases differentially stimulated bacterial growth. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that some bacterial phylotypes that became abundant were highly specific to enrichment with specific carbon compounds (e.g. Acinetobacter sp. B1-A3 with acetate or Psychromonas sp. B3-U1 with glucose). In contrast, other phylotypes increased in relative abundance in response to enrichment with several, or all, of the investigated carbon compounds (e.g. Neptuniibacter sp. M2-A4 with acetate, pyruvate and dimethylsulphoniopropionate, and Thalassobacter sp. M3-A3 with pyruvate and amino acids). Furthermore, different carbon compounds triggered the development of unique combinations of dominant phylotypes in several of the experiments. These results suggest that bacteria differ substantially in their abilities to utilize specific carbon compounds, with some bacteria being specialists and others having a more generalist strategy. Thus, changes in the supply or composition of the dissolved organic carbon pool can act as selective forces structuring bacterioplankton communities.

  • 20.
    Holmfeldt, Karin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Dziallas, Claudia
    Titelman, Josefin
    Pohlmann, Kirsten
    Grossart, Hans-Peter
    Riemann, Lasse
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Diversity and abundance of freshwater Actinobacteria along environmental gradients in the brackish northern Baltic Sea2009Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 11, nr 8, s. 2042-2054Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Actinobacteria are highly abundant in pelagic freshwater habitats and also occur in estuarine environments such as the Baltic Sea. Because of gradients in salinity and other environmental variables estuaries offer natural systems for examining factors that determine Actinobacteria distribution. We studied abundance and community structure of Bacteria and Actinobacteria along two transects in the northern Baltic Sea. Quantitative (CARD-FISH) and qualitative (DGGE and clone libraries) analyses of community composition were compared with environmental parameters. Actinobacteria accounted for 22-27% of all bacteria and the abundance changed with temperature. Analysis of 549 actinobacterial 16S rRNA sequences from four clone libraries revealed a dominance of the freshwater clusters acI and acIV, and two new subclusters (acI-B scB-5 and acIV-E) were assigned. Whereas acI was present at all stations, occurrence of acII and acIV differed between stations and was related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) respectively. The prevalence of the acI-A and acI-B subclusters changed in relation to total phosphorus (Tot-P) and Chl a respectively. Community structure of Bacteria and Actinobacteria differed between the river station and all other stations, responding to differences in DOC, Chl a and bacterial production. In contrast, the composition of active Actinobacteria (analysis based on reversely transcribed RNA) changed in relation to salinity and Tot-P. Our study suggests an important ecological role of Actinobacteria in the brackish northern Baltic Sea. It highlights the need to address dynamics at the cluster or subcluster phylogenetic levels to gain insights into the factors regulating distribution and composition of Actinobacteria in aquatic environments.

  • 21.
    Holmfeldt, Karin
    et al.
    University of Arizona, USA.
    Howard-Varona, Cristina
    University of Arizona, USA.
    Solonenko, Natalie
    University of Arizona, USA.
    Sullivan, Matthew B
    University of Arizona, USA.
    Contrasting genomic patterns and infection strategies of two co-existing Bacteroidetes podovirus genera2014Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 16, nr 8, s. 2501-2513Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Bacterial viruses (phages) are abundant, ecologically important biological entities. However, our understanding of their impact is limited by model systems that are primarily not well represented in nature, e.g. Enterophages and their hosts. Here, we investigate genomic characteristics and infection strategies among six aquatic Bacteroidetes phages that represent two genera of exceptionally large (∼70-75 kb genome) podoviruses, which were isolated from the same seawater sample using Cellulophaga baltica as host. Quantitative host range studies reveal that these genera have contrasting narrow (specialist) and broad (generalist) host ranges, with one-step growth curves revealing reduced burst sizes for the generalist phages. Genomic comparisons suggest candidate genes in each genus that might explain this host range variation, as well as provide hypotheses about receptors in the hosts. One generalist phage, φ38:1, was more deeply characterized, as its infection strategy switched from lytic on its original host to either inefficient lytic or lysogenic on an alternative host. If lysogenic, this phage was maintained extrachromosomally in the alternative host and could not be induced by mitomycin C. This work provides fundamental knowledge regarding phage-host ranges and their genomic drivers while also exploring the 'host environment' as a driver for switching phage replication mode.

  • 22.
    Holmfeldt, Karin
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Arizona, USA.
    Solonenko, Natalie
    Univ Arizona, USA;Ohio State Univ, USA.
    Howard-Varona, Cristina
    Univ Arizona, USA;Ohio State Univ, USA.
    Moreno, Mario
    Univ Arizona, USA.
    Malmstrom, Rex R.
    DOE Joint Genome Inst, USA.
    Blow, Matthew J.
    DOE Joint Genome Inst, USA.
    Sullivan, Matthew B.
    Univ Arizona, USA;Ohio State Univ, USA.
    Large-scale maps of variable infection efficiencies in aquatic Bacteroidetes phage-host model systems2016Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 18, nr 11, s. 3949-3961Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Microbes drive ecosystem functioning and their viruses modulate these impacts through mortality, gene transfer and metabolic reprogramming. Despite the importance of virus-host interactions and likely variable infection efficiencies of individual phages across hosts, such variability is seldom quantified. Here, we quantify infection efficiencies of 38 phages against 19 host strains in aquatic Cellulophaga (Bacteroidetes) phage-host model systems. Binary data revealed that some phages infected only one strain while others infected 17, whereas quantitative data revealed that efficiency of infection could vary 10 orders of magnitude, even among phages within one population. This provides a baseline for understanding and modeling intrapopulation host range variation. Genera specific host ranges were also informative. For example, the Cellulophaga Microviridae, showed a markedly broader intra-species host range than previously observed in Escherichia coli systems. Further, one phage genus, Cba41, was examined to investigate nonheritable changes in plating efficiency and burst size that depended on which host strain it most recently infected. While consistent with host modification of phage DNA, no differences in nucleotide sequence or DNA modifications were detected, leaving the observation repeatable, but the mechanism unresolved. Overall, this study highlights the importance of quantitatively considering replication variations in studies of phage-host interactions.

  • 23.
    Hötzinger, Matthias
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Nilsson, Emelie
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Arabi, Rahaf
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Osbeck, Christofer M. G.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pontiller, Benjamin
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Hutinet, Geoffrey
    Univ Florida, USA.
    Bayfield, Oliver W.
    Univ York, UK.
    Traving, Sachia
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Kisand, Veljo
    Univ Tartu, Estonia.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Middelboe, Mathias
    Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Holmfeldt, Karin
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Dynamics of Baltic Sea phages driven by environmental changes2021Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 23, nr 8, s. 4576-4594Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Phage predation constitutes a major mortality factor for bacteria in aquatic ecosystems, and thus, directly impacts nutrient cycling and microbial community dynamics. Yet, the population dynamics of specific phages across time scales from days to months remain largely unexplored, which limits our understanding of their influence on microbial succession. To investigate temporal changes in diversity and abundance of phages infecting particular host strains, we isolated 121 phage strains that infected three bacterial hosts during a Baltic Sea mesocosm experiment. Genome analysis revealed a novel Flavobacterium phage genus harboring gene sets putatively coding for synthesis of modified nucleotides and glycosylation of bacterial cell surface components. Another novel phage genus revealed a microdiversity of phage species that was largely maintained during the experiment and across mesocosms amended with different nutrients. In contrast to the newly described Flavobacterium phages, phages isolated from a Rheinheimera strain were highly similar to previously isolated genotypes, pointing to genomic consistency in this population. In the mesocosm experiment, the investigated phages were mainly detected after a phytoplankton bloom peak. This concurred with recurrent detection of the phages in the Baltic Proper during summer months, suggesting an influence on the succession of heterotrophic bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms.

  • 24.
    Joglar, Vanessa
    et al.
    Univ Vigo CIM UVIGO, Spain.
    Alvarez-Salgado, Xose Anton
    CSIC, Spain.
    Gago-Martinez, Ana
    Univ Vigo, Spain.
    Leao, Jose M.
    Univ Vigo, Spain.
    Pérez Martínez, Clara
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pontiller, Benjamin
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Fernandez, Emilio
    Univ Vigo CIM UVIGO, Spain.
    Teira, Eva
    Univ Vigo CIM UVIGO, Spain.
    Cobalamin and microbial plankton dynamics along a coastal to offshore transect in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean2021Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 23, nr 3, s. 1559-1583Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cobalamin (B12) is an essential cofactor that is exclusively synthesized by some prokaryotes while many prokaryotes and eukaryotes require an external supply of B12. The spatial and temporal availability of B12 is poorly understood in marine ecosystems. Field measurements of B12 along with a large set of ancillary biotic and abiotic factors were obtained during three oceanographic cruises in the NW Iberian Peninsula, covering different spatial and temporal scales. B12 concentrations were remarkably low (<1.5 pM) in all samples, being significantly higher at the subsurface Eastern North Atlantic Central Water than at shallower depths, suggesting that B12 supply in this water mass is greater than demand. Multiple regression models excluded B12 concentration as predictive variable for phytoplankton biomass or production, regardless of the presence of B12-requiring algae. Prokaryote production was the best predictor for primary production, and eukaryote community composition was better correlated with prokaryote community composition than with nutritional resources, suggesting that biotic interactions play a significant role in regulating microbial communities. Interestingly, co-occurrence network analyses based on 16S and 18S rRNA sequences allowed the identification of significant associations between potential B12 producers and consumers (e.g. Thaumarchaeota and Dynophyceae, or Amylibacter and Ostreococcus respectively), which can now be investigated using model systems in the laboratory.

  • 25.
    Lebret, Karen
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Kritzberg, Emma S.
    Figueroa, Rosa
    Rengefors, Karin
    Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation between blooms of a microalgal species2012Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 14, nr 9, s. 2395-2404Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The field of genetic diversity in protists, particularly phytoplankton, is under expansion. However, little is known regarding variation in genetic diversity within populations over time. The aim of our study was to investigate intrapopulation genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in the freshwater bloom-forming microalga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae). The study covered a 2-year period including all phases of the bloom. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to determine the genetic structure and diversity of the population. Our results showed a significant differentiation between samples collected during the two blooms from consecutive years. Also, an increase of gene diversity and a loss of differentiation among sampling dates were observed over time within a single bloom. The latter observations may reflect the continuous germination of cysts from the sediment. The life cycle characteristics of G. semen, particularly reproduction and recruitment, most likely explain a high proportion of the observed variation. This study highlights the importance of the life cycle for the intraspecific genetic diversity of microbial species, which alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction.

  • 26.
    Lindh, Markus V.
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Sjöstedt, Johanna
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Andersson, Anders F.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sweden.
    Baltar, Federico
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Otago, New Zealand.
    Hugerth, Luisa
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sweden.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Muthusamy, Sarala Devi
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Legrand, Catherine
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Disentangling seasonal bacterioplankton population dynamics by high-frequency sampling2015Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 17, nr 7, s. 2459-2476Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Multiyear comparisons of bacterioplankton succession reveal that environmental conditions drive community shifts with repeatable patterns between years. However, corresponding insight into bacterioplankton dynamics at a temporal resolution relevant for detailed examination of variation and characteristics of specific populations within years is essentially lacking. During 1 year, we collected 46 samples in the Baltic Sea for assessing bacterial community composition by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing (nearly twice weekly during productive season). Beta-diversity analysis showed distinct clustering of samples, attributable to seemingly synchronous temporal transitions among populations (populations defined by 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). A wide spectrum of bacterioplankton dynamics was evident, where divergent temporal patterns resulted both from pronounced differences in relative abundance and presence/absence of populations. Rates of change in relative abundance calculated for individual populations ranged from 0.23 to 1.79 day(-1). Populations that were persistently dominant, transiently abundant or generally rare were found in several major bacterial groups, implying evolution has favoured a similar variety of life strategies within these groups. These findings suggest that high temporal resolution sampling allows constraining the timescales and frequencies at which distinct populations transition between being abundant or rare, thus potentially providing clues about physical, chemical or biological forcing on bacterioplankton community structure.

  • 27.
    Lindh, Markus V.
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Lund University, Sweden.
    Sjöstedt, Johanna
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Lund University, Sweden;Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Ekstam, Börje
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Casini, Michele
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Hugerth, Luisa
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Hu, Yue
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Andersson, Anders
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Legrand, Catherine
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Metapopulation theory identifies biogeographical patterns among core and satellite marine bacteria scaling from tens to thousands of kilometers2017Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 19, nr 3, s. 1222-1236Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Metapopulation theory developed in terrestrial ecology provides applicable frameworks for interpreting the role of local and regional processes in shaping species distribution patterns. Yet, empirical testing of metapopulation models on microbial communities is essentially lacking. We determined regional bacterioplankton dynamics from monthly transect sampling in the Baltic Sea Proper using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A strong positive trend was found between local relative abundance and occupancy of populations. Notably, the occupancy-frequency distributions were significantly bimodal with a satellite mode of rare endemic populations and a core mode of abundant cosmopolitan populations (e.g. Synechococcus, SAR11 and SAR86 clade members). Temporal changes in population distributions supported several theoretical frameworks. Still, bimodality was found among bacterioplankton communities across the entire Baltic Sea, and was also frequent in globally distributed datasets. Datasets spanning waters with widely different physicochemical characteristics or environmental gradients typically lacked significant bimodal patterns. When such datasets were divided into subsets with coherent environmental conditions, bimodal patterns emerged, highlighting the importance of positive feedbacks between local abundance and occupancy within specific biomes. Thus, metapopulation theory applied to microbial biogeography can provide novel insights into the mechanisms governing shifts in biodiversity resulting from natural or anthropogenically induced changes in the environment.

  • 28. Middelboe, Mathias
    et al.
    Holmfeldt, Karin
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Riemann, Lasse
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Nybroe, Ole
    Haaber, Jakob
    Bacteriophages drive strain diversification in a marine Flavobacterium: implications for phage resistance and physiological properties2009Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 11, nr 8, s. 1971-1982Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Genetic, structural and physiological differences between strains of the marine bacterium Cellulophaga baltica MM#3 (Flavobacteriaceae) developing in response to the activity of two virulent bacteriophages, Theta S(M) and Theta S(T), was investigated during 3 weeks incubation in chemostat cultures. A distinct strain succession towards increased phage resistance and a diversification of the metabolic properties was observed. During the incubation the bacterial population diversified from a single strain, which was sensitive to 24 tested Cellulophaga phages, into a multistrain and multiresistant population, where the dominant strains had lost susceptibility to up to 22 of the tested phages. By the end of the experiment the cultures reached a quasi steady state dominated by Theta S(T)-resistant and Theta S(M) + Theta S(T)-resistant strains coexisting with small populations of phage-sensitive strains sustaining both phages at densities of > 10(6) plaque forming units (pfu) ml(-1). Loss of susceptibility to phage infection was associated with a reduction in the strains' ability to metabolize various carbon sources as demonstrated by BIOLOG assays. This suggested a cost of resistance in terms of reduced physiological capacity. However, there was no direct correlation between the degree of resistance and the loss of metabolic properties, suggesting either the occurrence of compensatory mutations in successful strains or that the cost of resistance in some strains was associated with properties not resolved by the BIOLOG assay. The study represents the first direct demonstration of phage-driven generation of functional diversity within a marine bacterial host population with significant implications for both phage susceptibility and physiological properties. We propose, therefore, that phage-mediated selection for resistant strains contributes significantly to the extensive microdiversity observed within specific bacterial species in marine environments.

  • 29.
    Minnhagen, Susanna
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV.
    Carvalho, Wanderson
    Salomon, Paulo
    Janson, Sven
    Chloroplast DNA content in Dinophysis (Dinophyceae) from different cell-cycle stages is consistent with kleptoplasty2008Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 10, nr 9, s. 2411-2417Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 30.
    Muthusamy, Sarala Devi
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Lundin, Daniel
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Branca, Rui Miguel Mamede
    Sci Life Lab, Stockholm ; Karolinska Institutet.
    Baltar, Federico
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Univ Otago, New Zealand.
    Gonzalez, Jose M.
    Univ La Laguna, Spain.
    Lehtio, Janne
    Sci Life Lab, Stockholm ; Karolinska Institutet.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Comparative proteomics reveals signature metabolisms of exponentially growing and stationary phase marine bacteria2017Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 19, nr 6, s. 2301-2319Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Much of the phenotype of a microorganism consists of its repertoire of metabolisms and how and when its proteins are deployed under different growth conditions. Hence, analyses of protein expression could provide important understanding of how bacteria adapt to different environmental settings. To characterize the flexibility of proteomes of marine bacteria, we investigated protein profiles of three important marine bacterial lineages - Oceanospirillaceae (Neptuniibacter caesariensis strain MED92), Roseobacter (Phaeobacter sp. MED193) and Flavobacteria (Dokdonia sp. MED134) - during transition from exponential to stationary phase. As much as 59-80% of each species' total proteome was expressed. Moreover, all three bacteria profoundly altered their expressed proteomes during growth phase transition, from a dominance of proteins involved in translation to more diverse proteomes, with a striking appearance of enzymes involved in different nutrient-scavenging metabolisms. Whereas the three bacteria shared several overarching metabolic strategies, they differed in important details, including distinct expression patterns of membrane transporters and proteins in carbon and phosphorous metabolism and storage compounds. These differences can be seen as signature metabolisms - metabolisms specific for lineages. These findings suggest that quantitative proteomics can inform about the divergent ecological strategies of marine bacteria in adapting to changes in environmental conditions.

  • 31.
    Nilsson, Emelie
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Li, Ke
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Hoetzinger, Matthias
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Holmfeldt, Karin
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Nutrient driven transcriptional changes during phage infection in an aquatic Gammaproteobacterium2022Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 24, nr 5, s. 2270-2281Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Phages modulate bacterial metabolism during infection by regulating gene expression, which influences aquatic nutrient cycling. However, the effects of shifting nutrient regimes are less understood. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes of an ecologically relevant Gammaproteobacterium and its lytic phage in high (HNM) and low (LNM) nutrient medium. Despite different infection characteristics, including reduced burst size and longer latent period in LNM, the phage had a fixed expression profile. Bacterial transcription was instead different depending on nutrient regime, with HNM bacteria focusing on growth while LNM bacteria focused on motility and membrane transport. Additionally, phage infection had a larger effect on bacterial gene expression in LNM compared to HNM, e.g. suppressing increased iron uptake and altering expression of phosphorus uptake genes. Overall, phage infection influenced host metabolism more in LNM, which was more similar to natural conditions, emphasizing the importance of considering natural conditions to understand phage and host ecology.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32.
    Persson, Olof
    et al.
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Riemann, Lasse
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Marklund, Britt-Inger
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Rhen, M.
    Normark, S.
    Gonzalez, J.M.
    Hagström, Åke
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    High abundance of virulence gene homologues in marine bacteria2009Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 11, nr 6, s. 1348-1357Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Marine bacteria can cause harm to single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes. However, relatively little is known about the underlying genetic basis for marine bacterial interactions with higher organisms. We examined whole-genome sequences from a large number of marine bacteria for the prevalence of homologues to virulence genes and pathogenicity islands known from bacteria that are pathogenic to terrestrial animals and plants. As many as 60 out of 119 genomes of marine bacteria, with no known association to infectious disease, harboured genes of virulence-associated types III, IV, V and VI protein secretion systems. Type III secretion was relatively uncommon, while type IV was widespread among alphaproteobacteria (particularly among roseobacters) and type VI was primarily found among gammaproteobacteria. Other examples included homologues of the Yersinia murine toxin and a phage-related 'antifeeding' island. Analysis of the Global Ocean Sampling metagenomic data indicated that virulence genes were present in up to 8% of the planktonic bacteria, with highest values in productive waters. From a marine ecology perspective, expression of these widely distributed genes would indicate that some bacteria infect or even consume live cells, that is, generate a previously unrecognized flow of organic matter and nutrients directly from eukaryotes to bacteria.

  • 33. Sandaa, R.-A.
    et al.
    Gómez-Consarnau, Laura
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Riemann, Lasse
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Malits, A.
    Weinbauer, M.G.
    Gasol, J.M.
    Thingstad, T.F.
    Viral control of bacterial biodiversity – Evidence from a nutrient enriched marine mesocosm experiment2009Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 11, nr 10, s. 2585-2597Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We demonstrate here results showing that bottom-up and top-down control mechanisms can operate simultaneously and in concert in marine microbial food webs, controlling prokaryote diversity by a combination of viral lysis and substrate limitation. Models in microbial ecology predict that a shift in the type of bacterial growth rate limitation is expected to have a major effect on species composition within the community of bacterial hosts, with a subsequent shift in the composition of the viral community. Only moderate effects would, however, be expected in the absolute number of coexisting virus-host pairs. We investigated these relationships in nutrient-manipulated systems, under simulated in situ conditions. There was a strong correlation in the clustering of the viral and bacterial community data supporting the existence of an important link between the bacterial and viral communities. As predicted, the total number of viral populations was the same in all treatments, while the composition of the viral community varied. Our results support the theoretical prediction that there is one control mechanism for the number of niches for coexisting virus-host pairs (top-down control), and another mechanism that controls which virus-host pairs occupy these niches (bottom-up control).

  • 34.
    Verma, Ashish
    et al.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Amnebrink, Dennis
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Vatten.
    Wikner, Johan
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Prokaryotic maintenance respiration and growth efficiency field patterns reproduced by temperature and nutrient control at mesocosm scale2023Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 25, nr 3, s. 721-737Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The distribution of prokaryotic metabolism between maintenance and growth activities has a profound impact on the transformation of carbon substrates to either biomass or CO2. Knowledge of key factors influencing prokaryotic maintenance respiration is, however, highly limited. This mesocosm study validated the significance of prokaryotic maintenance respiration by mimicking temperature and nutrients within levels representative of winter and summer conditions. A global range of growth efficiencies (0.05-0.57) and specific growth rates (0.06-2.7 d(-1)) were obtained. The field pattern of cell-specific respiration versus specific growth rate and the global relationship between growth efficiency and growth rate were reproduced. Maintenance respiration accounted for 75% and 15% of prokaryotic respiration corresponding to winter and summer conditions, respectively. Temperature and nutrients showed independent positive effects for all prokaryotic variables except abundance and cell-specific respiration. All treatments resulted in different taxonomic diversity, with specific populations of amplicon sequence variants associated with either maintenance or growth conditions. These results validate a significant relationship between specific growth and respiration rate under productive conditions and show that elevated prokaryotic maintenance respiration can occur under cold and oligotrophic conditions. The experimental design provides a tool for further study of prokaryotic energy metabolism under realistic conditions at the mesocosm scale.

  • 35. Vila-Costa, M
    et al.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Alonso, C
    Pernthaler, J
    Simo, R
    Seasonal variation of DMSP-assimilating bacteria in the coastal NW Mediterranean2007Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 9, s. 2451-2463Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 36.
    Vredenburg, Jana
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Varela, Ana Rita
    Univ Catolica Portuguesa Porto, CBQF Ctr Biotecnol Quim Fina, Lab Associado, Escola Super Biotecnol, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal.
    Hasan, Badrul
    Uppsala University.
    Bertilsson, Stefan
    Uppsala University.
    Olsen, Björn
    Uppsala University.
    Narciso-da-Rocha, Carlos
    Univ Catolica Portuguesa Porto, CBQF Ctr Biotecnol Quim Fina, Lab Associado, Escola Super Biotecnol, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal.
    Bonnedahl, Jonas
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Stedt, Johan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Da Costa, Paulo Martins
    Univ Porto, ICBAS Inst Ciencias Biomed Abel Salazar, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal.
    Manaia, Celia M.
    Univ Catolica Portuguesa Porto, CBQF Ctr Biotecnol Quim Fina, Lab Associado, Escola Super Biotecnol, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal.
    Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from birds of prey in Portugal are genetically distinct from those isolated from water environments and gulls in Portugal, Spain and Sweden2014Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 16, nr 4, s. 995-1004Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of geographic distribution and type of habitat on the molecular epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli was investigated. Ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli from wastewater, urban water with faecal contamination and faeces of gulls, pigeons and birds of prey, from Portugal, Spain and Sweden were compared based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and quinolone resistance genetic determinants. Multi-locus sequence typing allowed the differentiation of E. coli lineages associated with birds of prey from those inhabiting gulls and waters. E. coli lineages of clinical relevance, such as the complex ST131, were detected in wastewater, streams and gulls in Portugal, Spain and Sweden. Quinolone resistance was due to gyrA and parC mutations, although distinct mutations were detected in birds of prey and in wastewater, streams and gulls isolates. These differences were correlated with specific MLST lineages, suggesting resistance inheritance. Among the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, only aac(6 ')-ib-cr and qnrS were detected in wastewater, streams and gulls isolates, but not in birds of prey. The horizontal transfer of the gene aac(6 ')-ib-cr could be inferred from its occurrence in different MLST lineages.

  • 37.
    Zhang, Hao
    et al.
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, China.
    Yoshizawa, Susumu
    Univ Tokyo, Japan.
    Sun, Ying
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, China.
    Huang, Yongjie
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, China.
    Chu, Xiao
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, China.
    Gonzalez, Jose M.
    Univ La Laguna, Spain.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Luo, Haiwei
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, China.
    Repeated evolutionary transitions of flavobacteria from marine to non-marine habitats2019Inngår i: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 21, nr 2, s. 648-666Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The taxonomy of marine and non-marine organisms rarely overlap, but the mechanisms underlying this distinction are often unknown. Here, we predicted three major ocean-to-land transitions in the evolutionary history of Flavobacteriaceae, a family known for polysaccharide and peptide degradation. These unidirectional transitions were associated with repeated losses of marine signature genes and repeated gains of non-marine adaptive genes. This included various Na+-dependent transporters, osmolyte transporters and glycoside hydrolases (GH) for sulfated polysaccharide utilization in marine descendants, and in non-marine descendants genes for utilizing the land plant material pectin and genes facilitating terrestrial host interactions. The K+ scavenging ATPase was repeatedly gained whereas the corresponding low-affinity transporter repeatedly lost upon transitions, reflecting K+ ions are less available to non-marine bacteria. Strikingly, the central metabolism Na+-translocating NADH: quinone dehydrogenase gene was repeatedly gained in marine descendants, whereas the H+-translocating counterpart was repeatedly gained in non-marine lineages. Furthermore, GH genes were depleted in isolates colonizing animal hosts but abundant in bacteria inhabiting other non-marine niches; thus relative abundances of GH versus peptidase genes among Flavobacteriaceae lineages were inconsistent with the marine versus non-marine dichotomy. We suggest that phylogenomic analyses can cast novel light on mechanisms explaining the distribution and ecology of key microbiome components.

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