Software quality is critical in today's software systems. A challenge is the trade-off situation architects face in the design process. Designers often have two or more alternatives, which must be compared and put into context before a decision is made. The challenge becomes even more complex for dynamic software product lines, where domain designers have to take runtime variations into consideration as well. To address the problem we propose extensions to an architectural reasoning framework with constructs/artifacts to define and model a domain's scope and dynamic variability. The extended reasoning framework encapsulates knowledge to understand and reason about domain quality behavior and self-adaptation as a primary variability mechanism. The framework is demonstrated for a self-configuration property, self-upgradability on an educational product-line.

Software architecture serves as a foundation for the design and development of software systems. Designing an architecture requires extensive analysis and reasoning. The study presented herein focuses on the architectural analysis and reasoning in support of engineering self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. Designing self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse introduces variability along three dimensions; adding more complexity to the architectural analysis and reasoning process. To this end, the study presents an extended Architectural Reasoning Framework with dedicated reasoning support for self-adaptive systems and reuse. To evaluate the proposed framework, we conducted an initial feasibility case study, which concludes that the proposed framework assists the domain architects to increase reusability, reduce fault density, and eliminate differences in skills and experiences among architects, which were our research goals and are decisive factors for a system's overall quality.

Advances in computing technologies are pushing software systems and their operating environments to become more dynamic and complex. The growing complexity of software systems coupled with uncertainties induced by runtime variations leads to challenges in software analysis and design. Self-Adaptive Software Systems (SASS) have been proposed as a solution to address design time complexity and uncertainty by adapting software systems at runtime. A vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive software systems has been established. However, to the best of our knowledge, no or little work has considered systematic reuse of this knowledge. To that end, this study contributes an Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology. The ASPLe is based on a multi-product lines strategy which leverages systematic reuse through separation of application and adaptation logic. It provides developers with repeatable process support to design and develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse across several application domains. The methodology is composed of three core processes, and each process is organized for requirements, design, implementation, and testing activities. To exemplify and demonstrate the use of the ASPLe methodology, three application domains are used as running examples throughout the report.

This work studies systematic reuse in the context of self-adaptive software systems. In our work, we realized that managing variability for such platforms is different compared to traditional platforms, primarily due to the run-time variability and system uncertainties. Motivated by the fact that recent trends show that self-adaptation will be used more often in future system generation and that software reuse state-of-practice or research do not provide sufficient support, we have investigated the problems and possibly resolutions in this context. We have analyzed variability for these systems, using a systematic reuse prism, and identified a research gap in variability management. The analysis divides variability handling into four activities: (1) identify variability, (2) constrain variability, (3) implement variability, and (4) manage variability. Based on the findings we envision a reuse framework for the specific domain and present an example framework that addresses some of the identified challenges. We argue that it provides basic support for engineering self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. We discuss some important avenues of research for achieving the vision.

Designing a software architecture requires architectural reasoning, i.e., activities that translate requirements to an architecture solution. Architectural reasoning is particularly challenging in the design of product-lines of self-adaptive systems, which involve variability both at development time and runtime. In previous work we developed an extended Architectural Reasoning Framework (eARF) to address this challenge. However, evaluation of the eARF showed that the framework lacked support for rigorous reasoning, ensuring that the design complies to the requirements. In this paper, we introduce an analytical framework that enhances eARF with such support. The framework defines a set of artifacts and a series of activities. Artifacts include templates to specify domain quality attribute scenarios, concrete models, and properties. The activities support architects with transforming requirement scenarios to architecture models that comply to required properties. Our focus in this paper is on architectural reasoning support for a single product instance. We illustrate the benefits of the approach by applying it to an example client-server system, and outline challenges for future work. © 2016 IEEE.

While the HPC community is working towards the development of the first Exaflop computer (expected around 2020), after reaching the Petaflop milestone in 2008 still only few HPC applications are able to fully exploit the capabilities of Petaflop systems. In this paper we argue that efforts for preparing HPC applications for Exascale should start before such systems become available. We identify challenges that need to be addressed and recommend solutions in key areas of interest, including formal modeling, static analysis and optimization, runtime analysis and optimization, and autonomic computing. Furthermore, we outline a conceptual framework for porting HPC applications to future Exascale computing systems and propose steps for its implementation.

Cloud computing provides access to on-demand computing resources and storage space, whereby applications and data are hosted with data centers managed by third parties, on a pay-per-use price model. This allows organizations to focus on core business goals instead of managing in-house IT infrastructure.                    

However, as more business critical applications and data are moved to the cloud, service availability is becoming a growing concern. A number of recent cloud service disruptions have questioned the reliability of cloud environments to host business critical applications and data. The impact of these disruptions varies, but, in most cases, there are financial losses and damaged reputation among consumers.        

This thesis aims to investigate the threats to service availability in cloud computing and to provide some best practices to mitigate some of these threats. As a result, we identified eight categories of threats. They include, in no particular order: power outage, hardware failure, cyber-attack, configuration error, software bug, human error, administrative or legal dispute and network dependency. A number of systematic mitigation techniques to ensure constant availability of service by cloud providers were identified. In addition, practices that can be applied by cloud customers and users of cloud services, to improve service availability were presented.

The domain of Information Technology has been discussed focusing the security of in-formation based on web application. The main purpose of the paper is to pinpoint andexplain the main attacks on web applications. In the study the I have used real world webapplication to demonstrate different types of attacks and the ways of prevention againstthem. Cyber criminals are using certain tactics to gather sensitive information throughweb applications, thus it is important to study this domain of IT. Experiment has beenconducted to demonstrate the concept and achieved outcomes have been explained. It hasbeen concluded that the most of the web application vulnerabilities come from a bad de-sign, according to Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) Design Guidelines for SecureWeb Applications, and most of the threats can be prevented by considering basics of webapplication security while designing the application.

This thesis compares the impact on disk performance in a GNU/Linux  environmentwith three encryption algorithms: AES,  Serpent and Twofish in three different implementations: DM-crypt, Loop-AES and Truecrypt. For all three algorithms a key length of 256 bits is used.

The thesis shows that the least performance impact during data encryption, and thus file writing, is reached by using AES or Twofish encryption implemented in DM-crypt or TrueCrypt. The thesis shows that some data operations with a sufficiently low processor utilization barely affects disk performance at all if encrypted using the optimal implementation and algorithm.

It is also discovered that the performance impact during data decryption, or file reading, can be minimized by using the most efficient implementation and algorithm. The best results are met with the AES or Twofish cipher, regardless of implementation.

An important conclusion that  is  drawn is that it is hard to determine a superior encryption solution for all purposes. However, by reviewing and examining the collected data from all aspects of disk performance the AES implementation in TrueCrypt is, with small marginals, determined to be the most optimal.

Background: Research on medical vocabulary expansion from large corpora has primarily been conducted using text written in English or similar languages, due to a limited availability of large biomedical corpora in most languages. Medical vocabularies are, however, essential also for text mining from corpora written in other languages than English and belonging to a variety of medical genres. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate medical vocabulary expansion using a corpus very different from those previously used, in terms of grammar and orthographics, as well as in terms of text genre. This was carried out by applying a method based on distributional semantics to the task of extracting medical vocabulary terms from a large corpus of Japanese patient blogs. Methods: Distributional properties of terms were modelled with random indexing, followed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering of 3x100 seed terms from existing vocabularies, belonging to three semantic categories: Medical Finding, Pharmaceutical Drug and Body Part. By automatically extracting unknown terms close to the centroids of the created clusters, candidates for new terms to include in the vocabulary were suggested. The method was evaluated for its ability to retrieve the remaining n terms in existing medical vocabularies. Results: Removing case particles and using a context window size of 1 + 1 was a successful strategy for Medical Finding and Pharmaceutical Drug, while retaining case particles and using a window size of 8 + 8 was better for Body Part. For a 10n long candidate list, the use of different cluster sizes affected the result for Pharmaceutical Drug, while the effect was only marginal for the other two categories. For a list of top n candidates for Body Part, however, clusters with a size of up to two terms were slightly more useful than larger clusters. For Pharmaceutical Drug, the best settings resulted in a recall of 25 % for a candidate list of top n terms and a recall of 68 % for top 10n. For a candidate list of top 10n candidates, the second best results were obtained for Medical Finding: a recall of 58 %, compared to 46 % for Body Part. Only taking the top n candidates into account, however, resulted in a recall of 23 % for Body Part, compared to 16 % for Medical Finding. Conclusions: Different settings for corpus pre-processing, window sizes and cluster sizes were suitable for different semantic categories and for different lengths of candidate lists, showing the need to adapt parameters, not only to the language and text genre used, but also to the semantic category for which the vocabulary is to be expanded. The results show, however, that the investigated choices for pre-processing and parameter settings were successful, and that a Japanese blog corpus, which in many ways differs from those used in previous studies, can be a useful resource for medical vocabulary expansion.

Approaches to determining the factuality of diagnoses and findings in clinical text tend to rely on dictionaries of marker words for uncertainty and negation. Here, a method for semi-automatically expanding a dictionary of marker words using distributional semantics is presented and evaluated. It is shown that ranking candidates for inclusion according to their proximity to cluster centroids of semantically similar seed words is more successful than ranking them according to proximity to each individual seed word. 

IPv4 has played it big role in spreading Internet and Internet based applications for more than 20 years. Now it will hand over the stage to its more powerful successor IPv6. IP is an important component of the TCP/IP protocol suit and the Internet is built on it.

         IPv6 is a new generation protocol suite which has been proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) which uses the 128-bit address instead of IPv4 32-bit address. Moving to the next generation of Internet Protocol became an issue to solve many problems in the current generation.

         Unfortunately IPv4 and IPv6 are incompatible with each other. It is necessary to create smooth transition mechanisms that a transition mechanism is required during the time of migration from IPv4 to IPv6 networks. This paper aims to supplement this by presenting the design and implementation of IPv4 to IPv6 Transition Scenarios. This paper very clearly illustrates the transition of IPv4-to-IPv6 Transition mechanisms along with how to execute IPv6 commands.

Today, there are many technologies available for developing cross-platform desktop apps. JavaFX is a software platform based on the Java language. It has a set of features that play a role in its success. On the other hand, Electron is a new framework that allows developers to employ web technologies (JavaScript, HTML, and CSS) to create cross-platform desktop applications. This thesis describes and compares between these two frameworks. The purpose of this report is to provide guidance in choosing the right technique for a particular cross-platform desktop application. Simple cross-platform desktop applications have been developed to compare both approaches as well as find the advantages and disadvantages. The results show that both apps satisfied the functional and nonfunctional requirements. Each framework architecture has its own advantage in building particular apps. Both frameworks have rich APIs as well as rich GUI components for building desktop apps. Electron has good documentation and community help, but it cannot be compared to JavaFX. The Electron app gives faster execution time and less memory usage than JavaFX app. However, the implementation of OOP concepts in Electron using JavaScript has some concerns in terms of encapsulation and inheritance. 

This investigation compares the performance of three different open-source firmwares. DD-WRT, Open-WRT and Tomato Firmware with MIPS architecture. The test follows two RFC that describes the process of how to perform a performance analysis of network interconnected devices.

The summarized results show a winner which has generally performed better throughout all the tests and this was Tomato firmware. These results are gathered from three different tests, which is throughput, latency and concurrent sessions test.

The survey also shows that the performance in general is very equal across all firmwares in the various tests. An important aspect is that there are no outstanding winner, which depends on for example how consistent the results have been. This also concerns a possible conclusion where the firmwares perform various well depending on the type of task involved.

As further work on this investigation we recommend a performance and function analysis of the tools that the firmware contains. Although a survey of the interface for each firmware would be interesting.

In the fast-paced technological revolution, technology has formed itself differently to facilitate the way to users to get their needs. As a matter of fact, people nowadays rely to a great extent on the smart devices as one of the essential creations of technology. They tend to access any website or web-application(s) through these devices fast and easily. Thus, paying enough attention to the design of any website or web-application is a major issue. This thesis project discusses the Responsive and Adaptive Design Methods as two important methods in terms of Websites and Web-Design. The methods have been theoretically discussed and explained to present the essential differences between them. Moreover, MyMusiC website has been implemented to show the differences between these methods practically. The prominent difference between the Responsive and Adaptive de-signs of the website makes it easy for the users to figure out the difference between the two design methods in terms of accessibility and ease of navigation. The results showed that the Responsive design is more user-friendly and more preferred by the users than the Adaptive design, as the users tend to use their smart devices first when they want to access a website than the computers.

Mobile devices and mobile computing have made tremendous advances and become ubiquitous in the last few years. As a result, the landscape has become seriously fragmented which brings lots of challenges for the mobile development process. Whilst native approach of mobile development still is the predominant way to develop for a particular mobile platform, recently there is shifting towards cross-platform mobile development as well.

In this thesis, a survey of the literature has been performed to see the trends in cross-platform mobile development over the last few years. With the result of the survey, it is argued that the web-based approach and in particular, hybrid approach, of mobile development serves the best for cross-platform development. Using the hybrid approach, a prototype application has also been developed and built into native application for different platforms. This has helped to get a better insight about the domain of cross-platform mobile development and its main advantage of the unification of the development and testing process.

The results of this work indicate that even though cross platform tools are not fully matured they show great potential and reduce the cost associated in developing native mobile applications. Cross-platform mobile development is equally suitable for rapid development of high-fidelity prototypes of the mobile application as well as fairly complex, resource intensive mobile applications on its own right. As the upcoming future trends and the evolution of HTML5 continues to redefine the web, allowing its growth as a software platform, there remains great opportunities for cross-platform mobile development and hence provides an attractive alternative for the native mobile development.

Mobile devices and mobile computing have made tremendous advances and become ubiquitous in the last few years. As a result, the landscape has become seriously fragmented which brings lots of challenges for the mobile development process. Whilst native approach of mobile development still is the predominant way to develop for a particular mobile platform, recently there is shifting towards cross-platform mobile development as well. In this paper, we have performed a survey of the literature to see the trends in cross-platform mobile development over the last few years. With the result of the survey, we argue that the web-based approach and in particular,hybrid approach, of mobile development serves the best for cross-platform development. The results of this work indicate that even though cross platform tools are not fully matured they show great potential. Thus we consider that cross-platform development offers great opportunities for rapid development of high-fidelity prototypes of the mobile application.

The digitization of industry has drastically changed the competitive landscape by requiring a higher degree of specialization and shorter time to delivery that affect the design properties a software platform should satisfy. The platform architecture must sustain continuous and rapid change to the organizational architecture, which in turn is affected by external forces: i.e., forces drive the velocity of change. In this paper, we explore the effects of digitization, characterizing internal and external forces that impact on business strategies and trigger the continuous realignment of the platform, and outline a research agenda to mitigate the effects.

We investigate how demand-driven documentation is used by open source projects. Our study relies on questions and answers (i.e., demand-driven documentation) posted to Stack Overflow and focuses on two projects: Apache POI and Fennec (Firefox for Android). We find that the demand-driven documentation provided by respective community is of good quality and contributions are made within an acceptable amount of time. We conclude that demand-driven documentation can be suitable as a primary information source if other resources accompany it, e.g., websites. However, the suitability is closely related to size and activity of the project's community. We also investigate whether the type of project (e.g., API, application, product, etc.) matters, and find that given the nature of a forum, projects where the intended users are developers have larger and more active communities and are thus better suited for demand-driven documentation.

In this case study we investigate how demand-driven documentation can be used in open source projects. The study relied on questions and answers (demand-driven documenta- tion) posted on Stack Overflow and studied two open source projects, Apache POI and Firefox for Android, in depth. We found that the demand driven documentation provided by the respec- tive community is in general of good quality and contributed within an acceptable amount of time. We conclude that demand driven documentation can be suitable as a primary information source if other resources accompany it. However, the suitability is closely related to the size and activity of the project’s community. 

An ongoing question which have been brought into consideration lately is whether employees should be given the permission to bring their own devices to their jobs or not. The numbers of people using smartphones and laptops have been growing and with that, the will to make use of those devices at work. That phenomenon is called Bring Your Own Device and the implementation of it can cause network security related problems. This essay was written with the intentions to find out how many of the municipalities and counties that have allowed people to bring their own devices. The intentions was also to investigate which security actions that have been taken into consideration when securing the rest of the network from the brought devices. This was performed by sending out a survey. The result that the survey gave proves that BYOD have often been taking into consideration among the organizations. It also proves that many have chosen to not implement the phenomenon because of reasons like problem with the security, the costs, and the lack of resources. An overrepresented majority of the organizations who have chosen to implement it have decided to have the private devices in a separate network to secure the rest of the network infrastructure.

To connect networks across geographically diverse sites has become increasingly common in todays society. This report will highlight the various WAN solutions to make this possible. The different solutions that will be highlighted in this report is rent own fiber , Layer 2 link, MPLS , and VPN. There will be comparisons between these solutions in terms of cost, safety , speed and reliability. This has been done with scientific articles and interviews , but the report also includes a practical laboration.

Today more and more objects in our daily lives are getting connected to the Internet. This phenomenon is called the Internet of Things and is a way for physical things such as cars, buildings or even bus stations to get access and communicate with other objects using the Internet. The problem is that for every Internet of Things device, an application is often needed in order to communicate with these devices. Developing mobile applications in a separate programming language for each operating system can be an expensive and time consuming task.

In this thesis, we implement and evaluate a cross-platform mobile solution for users to interact with smart things using the advantages of web technologies. To compare previous findings in this area, two literature reviews has been performed to find out which is the state of the art on cross-platform mobile development frameworks and smart-things technologies used for interacting with physical objects. The result is a mobile application developed using PhoneGap and jQuery Mobile that interacts with iBeacons, where students inside a university building can get directions and schedules for different rooms.

The application received good results from a couple of usability studies, and performed well when measuring its performance. The outcome shows that web technologies that exist today are a viable solution to native mobile applications in terms of interacting with smart things such as tagging technologies.

This report presents a proof-of-concept regarding hybrid mobile application development and mobile phones. Regarding the background of a desire to simplify and modernize of how hot work is carried out in in industry. A conclusion on future developments regarding a hybrid or native options will also be deducted. Keywords: native, hybrid, mobile application, future development, Agile, Scrum.

Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is a critical aspect of the software development life cycle, ensuring the delivery of high-quality software products. This systematic literature review provides an overview of product, process and people metrics used in SQA, as well as the relationship between different metrics. Product Metrics focus on evaluating the characteristics and attributes of the software product itself. Pro- cess Metrics centre around the software development and testing processes. People Metrics focuses on evaluating the performance, skills, and collaboration of the indi- viduals involved in the software development team. 

This study not only synthesizes existing knowledge on SQA measurements, but also elucidates the complicated interactions between these many metrics, offering a comprehensive understanding of their interaction. Furthermore, it methodically finds and addresses discrepancies in the identification and description of various in- dicators, helping to standardize SQA methods. 

The paper also covers a range of technologies used for the quantification of the defined metrics with the goal of measurement accuracy and efficiency. The exami- nation of these tools not only aids in the practical comprehension of metric measure- ment but also the selection of appropriate instruments for certain SQA scenarios. 

As software systems grow in complexity and size, the findings of this study are a significant resource for practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders alike, providing a nuanced viewpoint on improving software quality through strong SQA techniques. 

Keywords: Product metrics, Process metrics, people metrics, Software quality as- surance, Development cycle Software Quality Assurance (SQA) Metrics Evaluation Product Metrics Process Metrics People Metrics Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). 

Den Svenska skolan ska digitaliseras och en strategi för hur digitaliseringen kan ske skulle tas fram av Skolverket. Flertalet lärare lyfte fram problem med förslaget som presenterades av Skolverket men inga större förändringar genomfördes. Strategin ska börja gälla, men problemen kvarstår. Vilka problem ser existerande lärare inom Teknik samt Matematik med strategin, hur kan dessa åtgärdas för att underlätta för de berörda lärarna? En undersökning skickades ut till lärare runt om i Sverige med målet att kartlägga vilka problem som lärarna såg med strategin, var det samma problem som hördes i medierna? De flesta lärare ansåg att det kommer bli en kompetensbrist, samt att det kommer bli väldigt tungt belastade scheman. De slutsatser som kan dras av studien är att någon form av kompetensutveckling inom de verktyg som lärarna ska använda sig av för att lära ut programmering krävs. Samt att ett stort ansvar även hamnar på skolans kommun, att resurserna som krävs måste hinnas tillföras.

During the past few years the use of mobile devices became extremely popular not only for personal use but also for working. When personal mobile devices are used as working assets the enterprises should search for some suitable ways to protect their data and network from the unmanaged mobile devices. On the other hand, it is widely believed that employees are more productive when they work from their own devices. This arise three questions: what risks these devices are bringing to the organizations, how to protect the company data and network while allowing the employees to work from their devices, and how adapted the real world is to the Bring Your Own Device trend. To answer these questions and the sub-questions deriving from them, an extensive literature study and a survey approach are used. The results from the study show that even though there are many risks for the companies, brought by the use of personal mobile devices, there exist adequate solutions to mitigate these risks. However, the results from the survey approach show that the companies are not very adapted to this trend yet and there exist a need for better understanding of the problem.

Virtualization is a technique used to abstract the operating system from the hardware. The primary gains of virtualization is increased server consolidation, leading to greater hardware utilization and infrastructure manageability. Another technology that can be used to achieve similar goals is containerization. Containerization is an operating-system level virtualization technique which allows applications to run in partial isolation on the same hardware. Containerized applications share the same Linux kernel but run in packaged containers which includes just enough binaries and libraries for the application to function. In recent years it has become more common to see hardware virtualization beneath the container host operating systems. An upcoming technology to further this development is VMware’s vSphere Integrated Containers which aims to integrate management of Linux Containers with the vSphere (a hardware virtualization platform by VMware) management interface. With these technologies as background we set out to measure the impact of hardware virtualization on Linux Container performance by running a suite of macro-benchmarks on a LAMP-application stack. We perform the macro-benchmarks on three different operating systems (CentOS, CoreOS and Photon OS) in order to see if the choice of container host affects the performance. Our results show a decrease in performance when comparing a hardware virtualized container host to a container hosts running directly on the hardware. However, the impact on containerized application performance can vary depending on the actual application, the choice of operating system and even the type of operation performed. It is therefore important to consider these three items before implementing container hosts as virtual machines.

This is a report on the possibility of using a Raspberry Pi as an intrusion detection system in a home environment to increase network security. The focus of this study was on how well two different generations of Raspberry Pi would be able to  handle network traffic while acting as an intrusion detection system. To examine this a testing environment was set up containing two workstation computers connected to a Raspberry Pi, each computer hosting a virtual machine. Tests measuring the network throughput as well as the CPU and memory usage were performed on each of the Raspberry Pi devices. Two models of Raspberry Pis were used; Raspberry Pi model B+ and Raspberry Pi 2 model B; each of them running the operating system Arch Linux ARM. The results of these tests were that both of the Raspberry Pis could be used as an intrusion detection system but has some limitations that could impede usage depending on the requirements of the user. Raspberry Pi 2 model B show benefits of its updated hardware by suffering lower throughput degradation than Raspberry Pi model B+, while using less of it's total CPU and memory capacity.

Current trends in the market of Web-enabled devices are moving the focus from desktop web pages to pages optimised for a set of other devices like smartphones or tablets. Within this thesis an approach is introduced, able to adapt and automatically transform web pages and even the web applications logic flow into a new kind of representation, specifically for a certain target group. Therefore a general process is defined to describe the various phases that have to be gone through to transform or repackage a website. It serves as the basis for the solution, which was built as part of this thesis, and incorporates state of the art concepts and methods from various fields of Web Science. The implemented artefacts demonstrate how an appropriate architecture looks like and what additional possibilities open up.

Recently multi-core processors have become very popular in computer systems. It allows multiple threads to be executed simultaneously. The advantage of multi-core comes by parallelizing codes to expand the work across hardware. Furthermore, this can be done by using a parallel environment developed by M.I.T. called Intel Cilk Plus, which is design to provide an easy and well-structured parallel programming approach.

     Intel Cilk Plus is an extension of C and C++ programming languages that describes data parallelism. This extension is very helpful and easy to use among other languages in this field. It has different features including keywords, reducers and array notations etc. In general, this article describes Intel Cilk Plus and its features. In addition, Unified Modelling Language, activity diagrams are used in term of graphical modelling of Intel Cilk Plus by describing the process of a system, capturing the dynamic behaviour of it and representing the flow from one activity to another using control flow. Later on Intel Cilk Plus keywords and UML diagrams tools will be evaluated, a comparison of different UML modelling tools will also be provided.

Context: Traditionally, Embedded Systems (ES) are tightly linked to physical products, and closed both for communication to the surrounding world and to additions or modifications by third parties. New technical solutions are however emerging that allow addition of plug-in software, as well as external communication for both software installation and data exchange. These mechanisms in combination will allow for the construction of Federated Embedded Systems (FES). Expected benefits include the possibility of third-party actors developing add-on functionality; a shorter time to market for new functions; and the ability to upgrade existing products in the field. This will however require not only new technical solutions, but also a transformation of the software ecosystems for ES. Objective: This paper aims at providing an initial characterization of the mechanisms that need to be present to make a FES ecosystem successful. This includes identification of the actors, the possible business models, the effects on product development processes, methods and tools, as well as on the product architecture. Method: The research was carried out as an explorative case study based on interviews with 15 senior staff members at 9 companies related to ES that represent different roles in a future ecosystem for FES. The interview data was analyzed and the findings were mapped according to the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Results: The findings from the study describe the main characteristics of a FES ecosystem, and identify the challenges for future research and practice. Conclusions: The case study indicates that new actors exist in the FES ecosystem compared to a traditional supply chain, and that their roles and relations are redefined. The business models include new revenue streams and services, but also create the need for trade-offs between, e.g., openness and dependability in the architecture, as well as new ways of working. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.orgilicensesiby/3.0/).

Molecular emission-line observations of isolated Galactic star-forming regions are used to model the physical properties of the molecular interstellar medium in these systems. Observed line ratios are compared with the results predicted by models that incorporate gas-phase chemistry and the heating by stellar radiation and non-radiative feedback processes. The line ratios of characteristic tracer molecules may be interpreted using the contributions of two distinct components: a cold (40-50 K) and high-density (105-105.5 cm(-3)) photon-dominated region (PDR) with a nominal UV flux density and a warm (similar to 300 K) mechanical heating-dominated region (MHDR) with a slightly lower density (10(4.5)-10(5) cm(-3)). The relative contributions of these structural components are used to model the observed line ratios. Ionized species may be better modelled by adopting an increase of the cosmic ray flux towards the Galactic Centre and the sulphur abundance should depleted by a factor of 200-400 relative to solar values. The line ratios of the Galactic sample are found to be very similar to those of the integrated signature of prominent (ultra) luminous IR Galaxies. The PDRs and MHDRs in the isolated Galactic regions may be modelled with slightly higher mean densities than in extragalactic systems and a higher MHDR temperature resulting from non-radiative mechanical heating. Multimolecular studies are effective in determining the physical and chemical properties of star formation regions by using characteristic line ratios to diagnose their environment. The addition of more molecular species will reduce the existing modelling redundancy.

Self-adaptive systems are systems that automatically adapt in response to environmental and internal changes, such as possible failures and variations in resource availability. Such systems are often realized by a MAPE-K feedback loop, where Monitor, Analyze, Plan and Execute components have access to a runtime model of the system and environment which is kept in the Knowledge component. In order to provide guarantees on the correctness of a self-adaptive system at runtime, the MAPE-K feedback loop needs to be extended with assurance techniques. To address this issue, we propose a coordinated actor-based approach to build a reusable and scalable model@runtime for self-adaptive systems in the domain of track-based traffic control systems. We demonstrate the approach by implementing an automated Air Traffic Control system (ATC) using Ptolemy tool.We compare different adaptation policies on the ATC model based on performance metrics and analyze combination of policies in different configurations of the model. We enriched our framework with runtime performance analysis such that for any unexpected change, subsequent behavior of the model is predicted and results are used for adaptation at the change-point. Moreover, the developed framework enables checking safety properties at runtime. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

Den här studien har granskat och analyserat på vilka sätt information kan rapporteras direkt från operatören, med hjälp av handdatorer, till underhållspersonalen och produktionschefen utan att fördröjas. Studien har genomförts med tanke på att, i dagsläget, finns det en del viktig information som inte visualiseras och rapporteras inom företagen i tid och på ett bra sätt. Denna situation bidrar till att olika mätningar som genomförs inom företaget grundas på felaktiga informationer som inte är baserade på tidsaktuella och kvalitativa data, och inte baserad på analys av de verkliga aktiviteterna som sker på verksamhetsgolvet. I samband med användningen av Internet och introduktion av konceptet e-underhåll inom industrin, har operatörens roll ändrat från att vara passiv till att bli en aktiv aktör. Den här studien baserar på artiklar och böcker som först och främst handlar om IT, informationsteknologi och e-underhåll, men också på en fallstudie där observationer och intervjuer gjordes på plats på företaget CC Pack i Tibro. Studien har efter analys av det sätt på vilket informationen överförs idag inom företaget, kommit till ett nytt sätt att överföra och rapportera informationen mellan operatörerna, underhållspersonalen och produktionschefen. Detta betyder att informationen, med hjälp av det nya digitala formuläret som kommer att finnas i handdatorer, kommer att rapporteras i realtid när felen inträffar på maskinen. Detta kommer vidare att leda till att informationen ska medverka till att bestämma vilken maskin som ska prioriteras vid underhållsarbete. Det nya sättet att visualisera information med hjälp av handdatorer kommer därtill att minska beslutstid inom underhåll. Produktionschefen kommer att få in i systemet alla stopptider från maskiner i produktionen. E-underhåll är ett relativt nytt område som har flera fördelar men som företagen inte har hunnit utnyttja på ett bra sätt eftersom de resurser som finns inte används på ett effektivt sätt.

Ett konstant problem med e-post är mängden skräppost som skickas dagligen och bidrar till en osäkerhet bland hemanvändare samt medför stora kostnader för företag. Att kunna skydda sig och filtrera bort skräppost är av stor vikt. Vad är egentligen skräppost?Programvaror mot skräppost använder flera metoder för att lösa problemet.Arbetet behandlar en av dessa metoder och hur effektivt den används i olika programvaror. Den metod som arbetet fokuserar på är bayesisk filtrering och programvarornas förmåga att utnyttja den. I studien kommer en analys huruvida Spamassassin och GFI MailEssentials utnyttjar bayesisk filtrering utföras. Tester kommer att genomföras med samma förutsättningar på de två programvarorna, det vill säga alla filter och skydd kommer att vara inaktiverade förrutom bayesisk filtrering. Testerna kommer att ge resultat som sedan analyseras där effektiviteten av filtret visar sig.

Användningen av Linux i inbyggda system fortsätter att öka för varje år.

Öppen källkod och nya verktyg för utvecklandet av Linux för inbyggda

system har inte bara gjort Linux till ett kostnadseffektivt val, utan även ett

tidseffektivt val. Målet med den här undersökningen har varit att åt LVI

undersöka en möjlig migration av operativsystem i deras inbäddade system

från Windows XP Embedded till ett inbyggt Linuxbaserat operativsystem för

ARM-processorer med stöd för OCR-behandling. Linux och öppen källkod

till inbyggda system för med sig en hel del fördelar. Några av dessa

inkluderar låg kostnad, full kontroll över ditt inbyggda system samt

möjligheten att testa och utvärdera mjukvara helt gratis. För att komma fram

till ett resultat har vi undersökt vilka alternativ som finns och om det finns

stöd för de funktioner som LVI använder sig av. Resultatet av den här

undersökningen är en redovisning av de val man står inför och vad som kan

lämpa sig bäst för LVI. Vi har främst undersökt Yocto Project och Buildroot i

denna undersökning och anser att Yocto Project är ett bra val för LVI. Två

enklare applikationer har även skrivits där bildhantering och maskinläsning

uppvisas. Applikationerna har utvecklats i C++ med hjälp av OpenCV och

Tesseract-ocr.

Java has recently become a multi paradigm language, with the functional paradigmnow made available alongside the traditional, imperative, one. Programming in thefunctional paradigm may be considered complicated or hard to read, and there maybe concerns that the code it produces may become hard to maintain because ofcomplexity or readability issues. On the other hand, proponents of the functionalparadigm promises smaller amounts of less complex code, as the framework takeson a larger responsibility. This Bachelor’s thesis closely examines the differences be-tween effectively equal code written in functional and imperative Java, respectively,from the aspects of readability, complexity and verbosity, and shows that while codewritten in the functional paradigm is smaller and less complex, it is not harder to read.

This report aims to describe our bachelor degree projectin computer engineeringat Linnaeus university in Växjö. The project has been carried out on behalf of Danfoss whoapproached us with an interest in making it possible to use Raspberry Pi as an internal and external research platform, compatiblewith their development environment PLUS+1 GUIDE.We were therefore given the task to develop support for Raspberry Pi in PLUS+1 GUIDE. This would enable use of PLUS+1 GUIDE software without the use of Danfoss hardware. This report describes theimplementation of a Raspberry Pi support librarywhich had to be designed to be compatible with the PLUS+1 GUIDE software. It also describes the creation of acustomLinux distributionusing the YoctoProject, a comparison between existing solutionsand a usability test on thePLUS+1 GUIDEsoftware using the developedRaspberry Pi support library.The resultof this workis fully functioning support forRaspberry Pi packaged as a plugin that when installed in PLUS+1 GUIDE allows creation of applications for this platform in the same manner as fortheirother control systems.

Crowdsourcing offers great potential to overcome the limitations of controlled lab studies. To guide future designs of crowdsourcing-based studies for visualization, we review visualization research that has attempted to leverage crowdsourcing for empirical evaluations of visualizations. We discuss six core aspects for successful employment of crowdsourcing in empirical studies for visualization – participants, study design, study procedure, data, tasks, and metrics & measures. We then present four case studies, discussing potential mechanisms to overcome common pitfalls. This chapter will help the visualization community understand how to effectively and efficiently take advantage of the exciting potential crowdsourcing has to offer to support empirical visualization research.

This bachelor thesis aims to give an overview of the last ten years research on financial market forecasting with Artificial Intelligence techniques. Reviews of this topic have been made earlier, but it can behard to get a sense to what degree this type of research have been made and to what extent specific topicshave been covered. To answer this and also what research type and how these topics have changed overtime, a systematic mapping is performed with backward snowballing as literature search method. Theresults show that various hybrids and Artificial Neural Networks applied to the stock market are the mostcommon combinations and most research is new attempts at trying to predict future market movementsand values.