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  • 1.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, T.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Aubert, P.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, France.
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Birsin, E.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ulica Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de Wilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Djannati-Ataie, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Dyrda, M.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ulica Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mayer, M.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ulica Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Reyes, R. de los
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    UPMC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energie, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ulica Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    HESS Limits on Linelike Dark Matter Signatures in the 100 GeV to 2 TeV Energy Range Close to the Galactic Center2016In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 117, no 15, article id 151302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A search for dark matter linelike signals iss performed in the vicinity of the Galactic Center by the H.E.S.S. experiment on observational data taken in 2014. An unbinned likelihood analysis iss developed to improve the sensitivity to linelike signals. The upgraded analysis along with newer data extend the energy coverage of the previous measurement down to 100 GeV. The 18 h of data collected with the H.E.S.S. array allow one to rule out at 95% C.L. the presence of a 130 GeV line (at l = -1.5 degrees, b = 0 degrees and for a dark matter profile centered at this location) previously reported in Fermi-LAT data. This new analysis overlaps significantly in energy with previous Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. results. No significant excess associated with dark matter annihilations was found in the energy range of 100 GeV to 2 TeV and upper limits on the gamma-ray flux and the velocity weighted annihilation cross section are derived adopting an Einasto dark matter halo profile. Expected limits for present and future large statistics H.E.S.S. observations are also given.

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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN, Poland.
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    Rikkyo University, Japan.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm University.
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm University.
    Mitche, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm University.
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm University.
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Wale, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm University.
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Bamba, A.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.;Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Fukui, Y.
    Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.;Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Sano, H.
    Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.;Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    Yoshiike, S.
    Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan..
    A search for new supernova remnant shells in the Galactic plane with HESS2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A search for new supernova remnants (SNRs) has been conducted using TeV gamma-ray data from the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey. As an identification criterion, shell morphologies that are characteristic for known resolved TeV SNRs have been used. Three new SNR candidates were identified in the H.E.S.S. data set with this method. Extensive multiwavelength searches for counterparts were conducted. A radio SNR candidate has been identified to be a counterpart to HESS J1534-571. The TeV source is therefore classified as a SNR. For the other two sources, HESS J1614-518 and HESS J1912 + 101, no identifying counterparts have been found, thus they remain SNR candidates for the time being. TeV-emitting SNRs are key objects in the context of identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic rays. The TeV emission of the relativistic particles in the new sources is examined in view of possible leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios, taking the current multiwavelength knowledge into account.

  • 3.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    North-West University, South Africa ; University of Hamburg, Germany ; Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophy 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Paris Diderot University, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophy 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Physik & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRSIN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, LUTH,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowski, F.
    Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Mail H30,POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia..
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    SKA Org, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, UK;ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys CAASTRO, New York, NY USA..
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    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, Post Bus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands..
    First limits on the very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission of a fast radio burst HESS observations of FRB 1504182017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 597, article id A115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. Following the detection of the fast radio burst FRB150418 by the SUPERB project at the Parkes radio telescope, we aim to search for very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission. Methods. Follow-up observations in the very-high energy gamma-ray domain were obtained with the H.E.S.S. imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope system within 14.5 h of the radio burst. Results. The obtained 1.4 h of gamma-ray observations are presented and discussed. At the 99% C.L. we obtained an integral upper limit on the gamma-ray flux of Phi(gamma)(E > 350 GeV) < 1.33 x 10(-8) m(-2) s(-1). Differential flux upper limits as function of the photon energy were derived and used to constrain the intrinsic high-energy afterglow emission of FRB 150418. Conclusions. No hints for high-energy afterglow emission of FRB 150418 were found. Taking absorption on the extragalactic background light into account and assuming a distance of z = 0 : 492 based on radio and optical counterpart studies and consistent with the FRB dispersion, we constrain the gamma-ray luminosity at 1 TeV to L < 5 : 1 x 10(47) erg/s at 99% C.L.

  • 4.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM,UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia.;Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    dewilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Forster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl 4, Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oul, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, DFG, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl 4, Weltraum & Astrophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CEA,Observ Paris,APC,AstroParticule & Cosmol,Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Tuffs, R.
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Edik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Ackermann, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ajello, M.
    Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA..
    Baldini, L.
    Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Barbiellini, G.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy..
    Bellazzini, R.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Blandford, R. D.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Bonino, R.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy.;Univ Studi Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Laboratoire Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
    Bruel, P.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Buehler, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy..
    Cameron, R. A.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Caragiulo, M.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Caraveo, P. A.
    INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy..
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy..
    Cecchi, C.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.;Univ Studi Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    Chiang, J.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Chiaro, G.
    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Ciprini, S.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Laboratoire Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France..
    Costanza, F.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Cutini, S.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    D'Ammando, F.
    Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.;Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy..
    de Palma, F.
    Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Univ Telemat Pegaso Piazza Trieste & Trento, I-80132 Naples, Italy..
    Desiante, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy..
    Di Lalla, N.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Di Mauro, M.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Di Venere, L.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Donaggio, B.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Favuzzi, C.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Focke, W. B.
    Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Fusco, P.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Gargano, F.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Gasparrini, D.
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy..
    Giglietto, N.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Giordano, F.
    Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Giroletti, M.
    Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy..
    Guillemot, L.
    Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environnement & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.;Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France..
    Guiriec, S.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA..
    Horan, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Johannesson, G.
    Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Kamae, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Kensei, S.
    Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan..
    Gamma-ray blazar spectra with HESS II mono analysis: The case of PKS2155-304 and PG1553+1132017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 600, article id A89Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array extended the experiment's sensitivity to lower energies. The lowest energy threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5, providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV for small zenith angle observations. Such an extension of the instrument's energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of active galactic nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift >= 0.5. The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS 2155-304 (z = 0.116) and PG 1553 + 113 (0.43 < z < 0.58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E > 100 GeV interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL). Aims. The aims of this work are twofold: to demonstrate the monoscopic analysis of CT5 data with a low energy threshold, and to obtain accurate measurements of the spectral energy distributions (SED) of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553 + 113 near their SED peaks at energies approximate to 100 GeV. Methods. Multiple observational campaigns of PKS 2155 304 and PG 1553 + 113 were conducted during 2013 and 2014 using the full H.E.S.S. II instrument (CT1-5). A monoscopic analysis of the data taken with the new CT5 telescope was developed along with an investigation into the systematic uncertainties on the spectral parameters which are derived from this analysis. Results. Using the data from CT5, the energy spectra of PKS 2155 304 and PG 1553 + 113 were reconstructed down to conservative threshold energies of 80 GeV for PKS 2155 304, which transits near zenith, and 110 GeV for the more northern PG 1553 + 113. The measured spectra, well fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model ( with a 5.0 similar to statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS 2155 304 and 4.5 sigma for PG 1553+113), were found consistent with spectra derived from contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed spectra of both sources at E approximate to 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi-LAT spectrum of PKS 2155 304 was found to show significant curvature. For PG 1553+113, however, no significant detection of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and systematic uncertainties.

  • 5.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
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    North West Univ, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ,, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    Univ Bordeaux, France.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Univ Warsaw, Poland.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    Aix Marseille Univ, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.; Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
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    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
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    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
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    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
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    Univ Bordeaux, France.
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    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    North West Univ, Namibia.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    CNRS, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
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    Univ Leicester, England.
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Potsdam, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm Univ.
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    CNRS, France.
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
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    CNRS, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    CNRS, France.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
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    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.; Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USA.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Potsdam, Germany.
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    CNRS, France.
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
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    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
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    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Univ Potsdam, Germany.
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    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany ; ITA Univ Heidelberg, Germany.
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland.
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
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    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Armenia.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    Univ Tubingen, Germany.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
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    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Witwatersrand, South Africa.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Stockholm Univ, .
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
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    Univ Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Potsdam, Germany.; DESY, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    DESY, Germany.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Ireland.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Rikkyo Univ, Japan.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Univ Free State, South Africa.
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    Univ Montpellier, France.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, France.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, France.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
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    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
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    Stockholm Univ, .
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Poland.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    CEA Saclay, France.
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
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    Univ Leicester, England.
    Zaborov, D.
    CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, France.
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Poland.
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, France.
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Germany.
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    Uniw Jagiellonski, Poland.
    Characterizing the γ-ray long-term variability of PKS2155 304 with HESS and Fermi-LAT2017In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 598, article id A39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studying the temporal variability of BL Lac objects at the highest energies provides unique insights into the extreme physical processes occurring in relativistic jets and in the vicinity of super-massive black holes. To this end, the long-term variability of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 is analyzed in the high (HE, 100MeV < E < 300 GeV) and very high energy (VHE, E > 200 GeV) gamma-ray domain. Over the course of similar to 9 yr of H. E. S. S. observations the VHE light curve in the quiescent state is consistent with a log-normal behavior. The VHE variability in this state is well described by flicker noise (power-spectral-density index βVHE = 1 .10+ 0.10-0,13) on timescales larger than one day. An analysis of similar to 5.5 yr of HE Fermi-LAT data gives consistent results (βHE = 1 .20+ 0.21-0.23, on timescales larger than 10 days) compatible with the VHE findings. The HE and VHE power spectral densities show a scale invariance across the probed time ranges. A direct linear correlation between the VHE and HE fluxes could neither be excluded nor firmly established. These long-term-variability properties are discussed and compared to the red noise behavior (beta similar to 2) seen on shorter timescales during VHE-flaring states. The difference in power spectral noise behavior at VHE energies during quiescent and flaring states provides evidence that these states are influenced by different physical processes, while the compatibility of the HE and VHE long-term results is suggestive of a common physical link as it might be introduced by an underlying jet-disk connection.

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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
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    Rikkyo University, Japan.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astro Phys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Fac Phys, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astro Phys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    ISAS, JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Richter, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heisenberg Fellow DFG, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rudak, B.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Sahakian, V.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Saito, S.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astro Phys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schulz, A.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schwanke, U.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Shafi, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Simoni, R.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Spanier, F.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spengler, G.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spies, F.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Stawarz, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stycz, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Terrier, R.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot,CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Systematic search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Runaway stars form bow shocks by ploughing through the interstellar medium at supersonic speeds and are promising sources of non-thermal emission of photons. One of these objects has been found to emit non-thermal radiation in the radio band. This triggered the development of theoretical models predicting non-thermal photons from radio up to very-high-energy (VHE, E >= 0.1 TeV) gamma rays. Subsequently, one bow shock was also detected in X-ray observations. However, the data did not allow discrimination between a hot thermal and a non-thermal origin. Further observations of different candidates at X-ray energies showed no evidence for emission at the position of the bow shocks either. A systematic search in the Fermi-LAT energy regime resulted in flux upper limits for 27 candidates listed in the E-BOSS catalogue. Aims. Here we perform the first systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars. Methods. Using all available archival H.E.S.S. data we search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission at the positions of bow shock candidates listed in the second E-BOSS catalogue release. Out of the 73 bow shock candidates in this catalogue, 32 have been observed with H.E.S.S. Results. None of the observed 32 bow shock candidates in this population study show significant emission in the H.E.S.S. energy range. Therefore, flux upper limits are calculated in five energy bins and the fraction of the kinetic wind power that is converted into VHE gamma rays is constrained. Conclusions. Emission from stellar bow shocks is not detected in the energy range between 0.14 and 18 TeV. The resulting upper limits constrain the level of VHE gamma-ray emission from these objects down to 0.1-1% of the kinetic wind energy.

  • 7.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Carrigan, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachgebiet Bauphys Energet Gebaudeoptimierung, Paul Ehrlich Str,Gebaude 29,Raum 214, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    dewilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;CSIC, IEEC, Inst Space Sci, Campus UAB,Caner Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Valerius, K.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.;Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nucl Phys, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    The population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae in the HESS Galactic Plane Survey2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The nine-year H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) has yielded the most uniform observation scan of the inner Milky Way in the TeV gamma-ray band to date. The sky maps and source catalogue of the HGPS allow for a systematic study of the population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae found throughout the last decade. To investigate the nature and evolution of pulsar wind nebulae, for the first time we also present several upper limits for regions around pulsars without a detected TeV wind nebula. Our data exhibit a correlation of TeV surface brightness with pulsar spindown power (E) over dot. This seems to be caused both by an increase of extension with decreasing (E) over dot, and hence with time, compatible with a power law R-PWN((E) over dot) similar to(E) over dot(0.65 +/- 0.20), and by a mild decrease of TeV gamma-ray luminosity with decreasing (E) over dot, compatible with L-1 (10 TeV) similar to (E) over dot(0.59 +/- 0.21). We also find that the off sets of pulsars with respect to the wind nebula centre with ages around 10 kyr are frequently larger than can be plausibly explained by pulsar proper motion and could be due to an asymmetric environment. In the present data, it seems that a large pulsar off set is correlated with a high apparent TeV efficiency L1- 10 TeV / (E) over dot. In addition to 14 HGPS sources considered firmly identified pulsar wind nebulae and 5 additional pulsar wind nebulae taken from literature, we find 10 HGPS sources that are likely TeV pulsar wind nebula candidates. Using a model that subsumes the present common understanding of the very high-energy radiative evolution of pulsar wind nebulae, we find that the trends and variations of the TeV observables and limits can be reproduced to a good level, drawing a consistent picture of present-day TeV data and theory.

  • 8.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Andersson, Tom
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jgdrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Dei, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Fukuyama, T.
    Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jgdrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanie, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan..
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    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Volpe, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jgdrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    HESS observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and spectral resolution: Evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the X-ray emitting shell2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Supernova remnants exhibit shock fronts (shells) that can accelerate charged particles up to very high energies. In the past decade, measurements of a handful of shell-type supernova remnants in very high-energy gamma rays have provided unique insights into the acceleration process. Among those objects, RX J1713.7-3946 (also known as G347.3-0.5) has the largest surface brightness, allowing us in the past to perform the most comprehensive study of morphology and spatially resolved spectra of any such very high-energy gamma-ray source. Here we present extensive new H.E.S.S. measurements of RX J1713.7-3946, almost doubling the observation time compared to our previous publication. Combined with new improved analysis tools, the previous sensitivity is more than doubled. The H.E.S.S. angular resolution of 0.048 degrees (0.036 degrees above 2 TeV) is unprecedented in gamma-ray astronomy and probes physical scales of 0.8 (0.6) parsec at the remnant's location. The new H. E. S. S. image of RX J1713.7-3946 allows us to reveal clear morphological di ff erences between X-rays and gamma rays. In particular, for the outer edge of the brightest shell region, we find the first ever indication for particles in the process of leaving the acceleration shock region. By studying the broadband energy spectrum, we furthermore extract properties of the parent particle populations, providing new input to the discussion of the leptonic or hadronic nature of the gamma-ray emission mechanism.

  • 9.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.;Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignam, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignam, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignam, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignam, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ottl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puhlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowel, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes E, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Volk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North Wes Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wornlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, 10 Rue Alice Dormon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    HESS discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from PKS 0625-3542018In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 476, no 3, p. 4187-4198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PKS 0625-354 (z = 0.055) was observed with the four High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes in 2012 during 5.5 h. The source was detected above an energy threshold of 200 GeV at a significance level of 6.1 sigma. No significant variability is found in these observations. The source is well described with a power-law spectrum with photon index Gamma = 2.84 +/- 0.50(stat) +/- 0.10(syst) and normalization (at E-0 = 1.0 TeV) N-0(E-0)=(0.58 +/- 0.22(stat) +/- 0.12(syst)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). Multiwavelength data collected with Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, Swift-UVOT, ATOM and WISE are also analysed. Significant variability is observed only in the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray and Swift-XRT X-ray energy bands. Having a good multiwavelength coverage from radio to very high energy, we performed a broad-band modelling from two types of emission scenarios. The results from a one zone lepto-hadronic and a multizone leptonic models are compared and discussed. On the grounds of energetics, our analysis favours a leptonic multizone model. Models associated to the X-ray variability constraint support previous results, suggesting a BL Lac nature of PKS 0625-354 with, however, a large-scale jet structure typical of a radio galaxy.

  • 10.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
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    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.;Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, HW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Katsuta, J.
    Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan..
    The supernova remnant W49B as seen with HESS and Fermi-LAT2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The supernova remnant (SNR) W49B originated from a core-collapse supernova that occurred between one and four thousand years ago, and subsequently evolved into a mixed-morphology remnant, which is interacting with molecular clouds (MC). Gamma-ray observations of SNR-MC associations are a powerful tool to constrain the origin of Galactic cosmic rays, as they can probe the acceleration of hadrons through their interaction with the surrounding medium and subsequent emission of non-thermal photons. We report the detection of a gamma-ray source coincident with W49B at very high energies (VHE; E > 100 GeV) with the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes together with a study of the source with five years of Fermi-LAT high-energy gamma-ray (0.06-300 GeV) data. The smoothly connected, combined source spectrum, measured from 60 MeV to multi-TeV energies, shows two significant spectral breaks at 304 +/- 20 MeV and 8.4(-2.5)(+2.5) GeV; the latter is constrained by the joint fit from the two instruments. The detected spectral features are similar to those observed in several other SNR-MC associations and are found to be indicative of gamma-ray emission produced through neutral-pion decay.

  • 11.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Abramowski, A.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland.
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo University, Japan.
    Arrieta, M.
    Paris Diderot University, France.
    Aubert, P.
    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bilchele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goya, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitche, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Perennes, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Richter, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Settimo, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Takahashi, T.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tibaldo, L.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Deeper HESS observations of Vela Junior (RX J0852.0-4622): Morphology studies and resolved spectroscopy2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We study gamma-ray emission from the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) RXJ0852.0-4622 to better characterize its spectral properties and its distribution over the SNR. Methods. The analysis of an extended High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data set at very high energies (E > 100 GeV) permits detailed studies, as well as spatially resolved spectroscopy, of the morphology and spectrum of the whole RXJ0852.0-4622 region. The H.E.S.S. data are combined with archival data from other wavebands and interpreted in the framework of leptonic and hadronic models. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the direct determination of the spectral characteristics of the parent particle population in leptonic and hadronic scenarios using only GeV-TeV data. Results. An updated analysis of the H.E.S.S. data shows that the spectrum of the entire SNR connects smoothly to the high-energy spectrum measured by Fermi-LAT. The increased data set makes it possible to demonstrate that the H.E.S.S. spectrum deviates significantly from a power law and is well described by both a curved power law and a power law with an exponential cutoff at an energy of E-cut = (6.7 +/- 1.2(stat) +/- 1.2(syst)) TeV. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the unambiguous identification of the spectral shape as a power law with an exponential cutoff. No significant evidence is found for a variation of the spectral parameters across the SNR, suggesting similar conditions of particle acceleration across the remnant. A simple modeling using one particle population to model the SNR emission demonstrates that both leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios remain plausible. It is also shown that at least a part of the shell emission is likely due to the presence of a pulsar wind nebula around PSR J0855-4644.

  • 12.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Birsin, E.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Chadwick, P. M.
    Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Chretien, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Dyrda, M.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University.
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goya, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Menzler, U.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Meyer, M.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poona, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-069120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,ASt, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venters, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    A search for very high-energy flares from the microquasars GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr using contemporaneous HESS and RXTE observations2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. Microquasars are potential gamma-ray emitters. Indications of transient episodes of gamma-ray emission were recently reported in at least two systems: Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3. The identification of additional gamma-ray-emitting microquasars is required to better understand how gamma-ray emission can be produced in these systems. Aims. Theoretical models have predicted very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from microquasars during periods of transient outburst. Observations reported herein were undertaken with the objective of observing a broadband flaring event in the gamma-ray and X-ray bands. Methods. Contemporaneous observations of three microquasars, GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, were obtained using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. X-ray analyses for each microquasar were performed and VHE gamma-ray upper limits from contemporaneous H.E.S.S. observations were derived. Results. No significant gamma-ray signal has been detected in any of the three systems. The integral gamma-ray photon flux at the observational epochs is constrained to be I(>560 GeV) < 7.3 x 10(-13) cm(-2) S-1, I(>560 GeV) < 1.2 x 10-(12) cm s(-1), and I(>240 GeV) < 4.5 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) for GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, respectively. Conclusions. The gamma-ray upper limits obtained using H.E.S.S. are examined in the context of previous Cherenkov telescope observations of microquasars. The effect of intrinsic absorption is modelled for each target and found to have negligible impact on the flux of escaping gamma-rays. When combined with the X-ray behaviour observed using RXTE, the derived results indicate that if detectable VHE gamma-ray emission from microquasars is commonplace, then it is likely to be highly transient.

  • 13.
    Abdalla, H.
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    North-West University, South Africa.
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    University of Hamburg, Germany.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
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    Paris Diderot University, France.
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    University of Savoy, France.
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    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Berge, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Birsin, E.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brun, F.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, P.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Carr, J.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chretien, M.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cologna, G.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Condon, B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Conrad, J.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Couturier, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Degrange, B.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Deil, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Domainko, W.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dyks, J.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, Christian
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Stockholm University, Sweden.
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Fac Phys, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Kraus, M.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Liu, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Menzler, U.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering. Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heisenberg Fellow DFG, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shilon, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst ExperimentalphyS, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRSIN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    DSM Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Extended VHE gamma-ray emission towards SGR1806-20, LBV 1806-20, and stellar cluster Cl*1806-202018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes we have discovered a steady and extended very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source towards the luminous blue variable candidate LBV 1806-20, massive stellar cluster Cl* 1806-20, and magnetar SGR 1806-20. The new VHE source, HESS J1808-204, was detected at a statistical significance of >6 sigma (post-trial) with a photon flux normalisation (2.9 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.5(sys)) x 10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 at 1 TeV and a power-law photon index of 2.3 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.3(sys). The luminosity of this source (0.2 to 10 TeV; scaled to distance d = 8 : 7 kpc) is L-VHE similar to 1.6 x 10(34)(d = 8.7 kpc)(2) erg s(-1). The VHE gamma-ray emission is extended and is well fit by a single Gaussian with statistical standard deviation of 0.095 degrees +/- 0.015 degrees. This extension is similar to that of the synchrotron radio nebula G10.0-0.3, which is thought to be powered by LBV 1806-20. The VHE gamma-ray luminosity could be provided by the stellar wind luminosity of LBV 1806-20 by itself and/or the massive star members of Cl* 1806-20. Alternatively, magnetic dissipation (e.g. via reconnection) from SGR 1806-20 can potentially account for the VHE luminosity. The origin and hadronic and/or leptonic nature of the accelerated particles responsible for HESS J1808-204 is not yet clear. If associated with SGR 1806 20, the potentially young age of the magnetar (650 yr) can be used to infer the transport limits of these particles to match the VHE source size. This discovery provides new interest in the potential for high-energy particle acceleration from magnetars, massive stars, and/or stellar clusters.

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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Germany.
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    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
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    Humboldt Univ, Germany.
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    North West Univ, South Africa.
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    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux 1, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    UJF Grenoble 1, IPAG, CNRS INSU, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Dyrda, M.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Farnier, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.;Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    UJF Grenoble 1, IPAG, CNRS INSU, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Ctr Astron, Ulica Gagarina 11, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kraus, M.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Kruger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux 1, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux 1, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lui, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Mayer, M.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Menzler, U.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Padovani, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    UJF Grenoble 1, IPAG, CNRS INSU, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spiess, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,APC,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ulica Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    PSL Res Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Search for Dark Matter Annihilations towards the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with HESS2016In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 117, no 11, article id 111301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The inner region of the Milky Way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (DM). Given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for DM. We report on a search for the annihilations of DM particles using gamma-ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the Milky Way, with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. The analysis is based on a 2D maximum likelihood method using Galactic Center (GC) data accumulated by H.E.S.S. over the last 10 years (2004-2014), and does not show any significant gamma-ray signal above background. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White DM density profiles at the GC, we derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section <sigma nu >. These constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range and improve upon previous limits by a factor 5. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach <sigma nu > values of 6 x 10(-26) cm(3) s(-1) in the W+W- channel for a DM particle mass of 1.5 TeV, and 2 x 10(-26) cm(3) s(-1) in the tau(+)tau(-) channel for a 1 TeV mass. For the first time, ground-based gamma-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to probe <sigma nu > values expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.

  • 15.
    Abeysekara, A. U.
    et al.
    University of Utah, USA.
    Archambault, S.
    McGill University, Canada.
    Archer, A.
    Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
    Benbow, W.
    Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, USA.
    Bird, R.
    University College Dublin, Ireland.
    Buchovecky, M.
    University of California Los Angeles, USA.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
    Bugaev, V.
    Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
    Byrum, K.
    Argonne National Laboratory, USA.
    Cerruti, M.
    Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, USA.
    Chen, X.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ciupik, L.
    Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA..
    Cui, W.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China..
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Eisch, J. D.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Errando, M.
    Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.;Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Falcone, A.
    Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 525, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Feng, Q.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Finley, J. P.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Fleischhack, H.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Fortson, L.
    Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Furniss, A.
    Calif State Univ East Bay, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA..
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland..
    Griffin, S.
    McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Grube, J.
    Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA..
    Hutten, M.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hakansson, N.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Hanna, D.
    McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Holder, J.
    Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Humensky, T. B.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Johnson, C. A.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Kaaret, P.
    Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA..
    Kar, P.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Kertzman, M.
    Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA..
    Kieda, D.
    Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA..
    Krause, M.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Krennrich, F.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Kumar, S.
    Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Lang, M. J.
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland..
    Maier, G.
    DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    McArthur, S.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    McCann, A.
    McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Meagher, K.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Moriarty, P.
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland..
    Mukherjee, R.
    Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Nguyen, T.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Nieto, D.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Ong, R. A.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Otte, A. N.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Park, N.
    Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA..
    Pelassa, V.
    Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA..
    Pohl, M.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Popkow, A.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Pueschel, E.
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Quinn, J.
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Ragan, K.
    McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Cork Inst Technol, Dept Phys Sci, Cork, Ireland..
    Richards, G. T.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Roache, E.
    Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA..
    Rulten, C.
    Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Santander, M.
    Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Shahinyan, K.
    Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Staszak, D.
    Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA..
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Tucci, J. V.
    Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA..
    Tyler, J.
    McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada..
    Wakely, S. P.
    Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA..
    Weiner, O. M.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Weinstein, A.
    Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA..
    Wilhelm, A.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Williams, D. A.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Fegan, S.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Giebels, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horan, D.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Berdyugin, A.
    Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland..
    Kuan, J.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Lindfors, E.
    Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland..
    Nilsson, K.
    Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO, Turku, Finland..
    Oksanen, A.
    Jyvaskylan Sirius Ry, Nyrola Observ, Palokka, Finland..
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Reinthal, R.
    Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland..
    Takalo, L.
    Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland..
    Zefi, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    A Luminous and Isolated Gamma-Ray Flare from the Blazar B2 1215+302017In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 836, no 2, article id 205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    B2 1215+30 is a BL-Lac-type blazar that was first detected at TeV energies by the MAGIC atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes and subsequently confirmed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory with data collected between 2009 and 2012. In 2014 February 08, VERITAS detected a large-amplitude flare from B2. 1215+30 during routine monitoring observations of the blazar 1ES. 1218+304, located in the same field of view. The TeV flux reached 2.4 times the Crab Nebula flux with a variability timescale of <3.6 hr. Multiwavelength observations with Fermi-LAT, Swift, and the Tuorla Observatory revealed a correlated high GeV flux state and no significant optical counterpart to the flare, with a spectral energy distribution where the gamma-ray luminosity exceeds the synchrotron luminosity. When interpreted in the framework of a onezone leptonic model, the observed emission implies a high degree of beaming, with Doppler factor delta > 10, and an electron population with spectral index p < 2.3.

  • 16. Abramowski, A.
    et al.
    Acero, F.
    Aharonian, F.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Anton, G.
    Balzer, A.
    Barnacka, A.
    de Almeida, U. Barres
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Becker, J.
    Behera, B.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Birsin, E.
    Biteau, J.
    Bochow, A.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bordas, P.
    Brucker, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bulik, T.
    Buesching, I.
    Carrigan, S.
    Casanova, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chadwick, P. M.
    Charbonnier, A.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Cheesebrough, A.
    Clapson, A. C.
    Coignet, G.
    Cologna, G.
    Conrad, J.
    Dalton, M.
    Daniel, M. K.
    Davids, I. D.
    Degrange, B.
    Deil, C.
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Domainko, W.
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Dutson, K.
    Dyks, J.
    Dyrda, M.
    Egberts, K.
    Eger, P.
    Espigat, P.
    Fallon, L.
    Farnier, C.
    Fegan, S.
    Feinstein, F.
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Foerster, A.
    Fuessling, M.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Gast, H.
    Gerard, L.
    Gerbig, D.
    Giebels, B.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Glueck, B.
    Goret, P.
    Goering, D.
    Haeffner, S.
    Hague, J. D.
    Hampf, D.
    Hauser, M.
    Heinz, S.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
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    Hoffmann, A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Hofverberg, P.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    de Jager, O. C.
    Jahn, C.
    Jamrozy, M.
    Jung, I.
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Katarzynski, K.
    Katz, U.
    Kaufmann, S.
    Keogh, D.
    Khangulyan, D.
    Khelifi, B.
    Klochkov, D.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Kneiske, T.
    Komin, Nu.
    Kosack, K.
    Kossakowski, R.
    Laffon, H.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lennarz, D.
    Lohse, T.
    Lopatin, A.
    Lu, C. -C
    Marandon, V.
    Marcowith, A.
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    Moulin, E.
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    Nekrassov, D.
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    Pedaletti, G.
    Pelletier, G.
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Pita, S.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, Michael
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmology, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
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    Pohl, M.
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    Ragan, K.
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    Rose, H. J.
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    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sentuerk, G. D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesic, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Varlotta, A.
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    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
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    Zitzer, B.
    Cara, M.
    Casadio, C.
    Cheung, C. C.
    McConville, W.
    Davies, F.
    Doi, A.
    Giovannini, G.
    Giroletti, M.
    Hada, K.
    Hardee, P.
    Harris, D. E.
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    Kino, M.
    Lee, N. P.
    Ly, C.
    Madrid, J.
    Massaro, F.
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    The 2010 very high energy gamma-RAY flare and 10 years of multi-wavelength observations of M 872012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 746, no 2, p. 151-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.

  • 17.
    Abramowski, A.
    et al.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany .
    Aharonian, F.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia .
    Ait Benkhali, F.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany .
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia .
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Becker Tjus, J.
    Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany .
    Berge, D.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria.
    Bernlöhr, K.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Birsin, E.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Blackwell, R.
    University of Adelaide, Australia .
    Böttcher, M.
    North-West University, South Africa .
    Boisson, C.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Bolmont, J.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Bordas, P.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Bregeon, J.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Brun, F.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, France.
    Bryan, M.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
    Bulik, T.
    The University of Warsaw, Poland.
    Carr, J.
    Aix-Marseille Université, France.
    Casanova, S.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany ; Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, Poland.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Chen, A.
    University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa .
    Chrétien, M.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Cologna, G.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany .
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Couturier, C.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Cui, Y.
    Universität Tübingen, Germany.
    Davids, I. D.
    North-West University, South Africa ; University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Degrange, B.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Deil, C.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    deWilt, P.
    University of Adelaide, Australia .
    Djannati-Ataï, A.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Domainko, W.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Donath, A.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    O’C. Drury, L.
    Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Dutson, K.
    The University of Leicester, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Poland.
    Dyrda, M.
    Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, Poland.
    Edwards, T.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Egberts, K.
    Universität Potsdam, Germany.
    Eger, P.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Aix-Marseille Université, France.
    Espigat, P.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Farnier, C.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Fegan, S.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Feinstein, F.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Fernandez, D.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Fiasson, A.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Fontaine, G.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Förster, A.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Füßling, M.
    DESY, Germany.
    Gabici, S.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Garrigoux, T.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, Germany.
    Giebels, B.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Gottschall, D.
    Universität Tübingen, Germany.
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland.
    Grondin, M. -H
    Université Bordeaux, France.
    Grudzi´nska, M.
    The University of Warsaw, Poland.
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria.
    Häffner, S.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Hahn, J.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Hawkes, J.
    University of Adelaide, Australia .
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Henri, G.
    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Hermann, G.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Hervet, O.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Hillert, A.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Hofmann, W.
    The University of Leicester, UK.
    Hofverberg, P.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Hoischen, C.
    Universität Potsdam, Germany.
    Holler, M.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Horns, D.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Ivascenko, A.
    North-West University, South Africa .
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Jahn, C.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Jamrozy, M.
    DESY, Germany.
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Poland.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Katarzy´nski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
    Katz, U.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Kerszberg, D.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Khélifi, B.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Kieffer, M.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, Germany.
    Klochkov, D.
    Universität Tübingen, Germany.
    Klu´zniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Poland.
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria.
    Komin, N.
    University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
    Kosack, K.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Krakau, S.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
    Krayzel, F.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Krüger, P. P.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Laffon, H.
    Université Bordeaux, France.
    Lamanna, G.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Lau, J.
    University of Adelaide, Australia .
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Lefranc, V.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Lemière, A.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Université Bordeaux, France.
    Lenain, J. -P
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Lopatin, A.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Lu, C. -C
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Lui, R.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Marandon, V.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Marcowith, A.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Mariaud, C.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Marx, R.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Maurin, G.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Maxted, N.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Mayer, M.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Meintjes, P. J.
    University of the Free State, South Africa .
    Menzler, U.
    Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Poland.
    Mohamed, M.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
    Morå, K.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Moulin, E.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    de Naurois, M.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Niemiec, J.
    Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, Poland.
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Odaka, H.
    Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Germany.
    Öttl, S.
    Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria .
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, Germany.
    de Oña Wilhelmi, E.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik,, Germany ; Now at Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Spain.
    Opitz, B.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland.
    Oya, I.
    DESY, Germany.
    Panter, M.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Arribas, M. P.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North-West University, Spain.
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Peyaud, B.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Pita, S.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Poon, H.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Pühlhofer, G.
    Universität Tübingen, Germany.
    Punch, Michael
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
    Raab, S.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Reichardt, I.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria.
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria.
    Renaud, M.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Rieger, F.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany ; ITA Universität Heidelberg, Germany .
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Rowell, G.
    University of Adelaide, Australia .
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Poland.
    Rulten, C. B.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Sahakian, V.
    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Salek, D.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Santangelo, A.
    Universität Tübingen, Germany.
    Sasaki, M.
    Universität Tübingen, Germany.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
    Schüssler, F.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, Germany.
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North-West University, South Africa .
    Simoni, R.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
    Sol, H.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Spanier, F.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Spies, F.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Stawarz, \L.
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland.
    Steenkamp, R.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Stegmann, C.
    Universität Potsdam, Germany ; DESY, Germany.
    Stinzing, F.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, Germany.
    Sushch, I.
    North-West University, South Africa .
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Tavernier, T.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland.
    Terrier, R.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Universität Hamburg, Germany.
    Trichard, C.
    Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, France.
    Valerius, K.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    van der Walt, J.
    North-West University, South Africa .
    van Eldik, C.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    van Soelen, B.
    University of the Free State, South Africa .
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Université Montpellier 2, France.
    Veh, J.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Venter, C.
    North-West University, South Africa.
    Viana, A.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Vincent, P.
    Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, France.
    Vink, J.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Voisin, F.
    University of Adelaide, Australia .
    Völk, H. J.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Vuillaume, T.
    University of the Free State, South Africa .
    Wagner, S. J.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Weidinger, M.
    Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
    Weitzel, Q.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    White, R.
    The University of Leicester, UK.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany .
    Willmann, P.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Wörnlein, A.
    Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
    Wouters, D.
    DSM/Irfu, France.
    Yang, R.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Germany.
    Zabalza, V.
    The University of Leicester, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Zacharias, M.
    Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Poland.
    Zech, A.
    Université Paris Diderot, France.
    Zefi, F.
    École Polytechnique, France.
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland.
    Discovery of variable VHE gamma-ray emission from the binary system 1FGL J1018.6-58562015In: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, ISSN 0365-0138, E-ISSN 1286-4846, Vol. 577, article id A131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Re-observations with the HESS telescope array of the very high-energy (VHE) source HESS J1018-589 A that is coincident with the Fermi-LAT γ-ray binary 1FGL J1018.6-5856 have resulted in a source detection significance of more than 9σ and the detection of variability (χ$^2$/ν of 238.3/155) in the emitted γ-ray flux. This variability confirms the association of HESS J1018-589 A with the high-energy γ-ray binary detected by Fermi-LAT and also confirms the point-like source as a new VHE binary system. The spectrum of HESS J1018-589 A is best fit with a power-law function with photon index Γ = 2.20 \plusmn 0.14$_stat$ \plusmn 0.2$_sys$. Emission is detected up to ~20 TeV. The mean differential flux level is (2.9 \plusmn 0.4) \times 10$^-13$ TeV$^-1$ cm$^-2$ s$^-1$ at 1 TeV, equivalent to ~1% of the flux from the Crab Nebula at the same energy. Variability is clearly detected in the night-by-night light curve. When folded on the orbital period of 16.58 days, the rebinned light curve peaks in phase with the observed X-ray and high-energy phaseograms. The fit of the HESS phaseogram to a constant flux provides evidence of periodicity at the level of N$_sigma$\gt 3σ. The shape of the VHE phaseogram and measured spectrum suggest a low-inclination, low-eccentricity system with amodest impact from VHE γ-ray absorption due to pair production (τ \lsim 1 at 300 GeV).

  • 18.
    Abramowski, A.
    et al.
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia ; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
    Berge, D.
    University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Birsin, E.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Carr, J.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM,UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chretien, M.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Couturier, C.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.;North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Djannati-Ata, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Dyrda, M.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Espigat, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Farnier, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Feinstein, F.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fernandez, D.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Foerster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goyal, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M-H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Hadasch, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Haeffner, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Hillert, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofverberg, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katz, U.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Krakau, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Krayzel, F.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Krueger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Lopatin, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Lu, C-C
    Lui, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marandon, V.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Mayer, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Orange Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Menzler, U.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Murach, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Odaka, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oettl, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Opitz, B.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Pekeur, N. W.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Pelletier, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Peyaud, B.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, Michael
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reichardt, I.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    de los Reyes, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;ITA Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Romoli, C.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Rulten, C. B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Salek, D.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J-P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Valerius, K.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Orange Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Weidinger, M.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Weitzel, Q.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, UK.
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, LUTH, Observ Paris, CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Acceleration of petaelectronvolt protons in the Galactic Centre2016In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 531, no 7595, p. 476-479Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Galactic cosmic rays reach energies of at least a few petaelectronvolts(1) (of the order of 1015 electronvolts). This implies that our Galaxy contains petaelectronvolt accelerators ('PeVatrons'), but all proposed models of Galactic cosmic-ray accelerators encounter difficulties at exactly these energies(2). Dozens of Galactic accelerators capable of accelerating particles to energies of tens of teraelectronvolts (of the order of 10(13) electronvolts) were inferred from recent gamma-ray observations(3). However, none of the currently known accelerators-not even the handful of shell-type supernova remnants commonly believed to supply most Galactic cosmic rays-has shown the characteristic tracers of petaelectronvolt particles, namely, power-law spectra of.-rays extending without a cut-off or a spectral break to tens of teraelectronvolts(4). Here we report deep.-ray observations with arcminute angular resolution of the region surrounding the Galactic Centre, which show the expected tracer of the presence of petaelectronvolt protons within the central 10 parsecs of the Galaxy. We propose that the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* is linked to this PeVatron. Sagittarius A* went through active phases in the past, as demonstrated by X-ray outbursts(5) and an outflow from the Galactic Centre(6). Although its current rate of particle acceleration is not sufficient to provide a substantial contribution to Galactic cosmic rays, Sagittarius A* could have plausibly been more active over the last 10(6)-10(7) years, and therefore should be considered as a viable alternative to supernova remnants as a source of petaelectronvolt Galactic cosmic rays.

  • 19.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
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    Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany.
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    Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia.
    Angüner, E. O.
    Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
    Backes, M.
    University of Namibia, Namibia.
    Balzer, A.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
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    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Bernhard, S.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bordas, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.;North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Dyrda, M.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
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    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
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    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Menzler, U.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
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    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
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    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
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    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
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    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
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    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Petrucci, P. -O
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    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Poon, H.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
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    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Reichardt, I.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
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    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
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    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
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    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
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    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
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    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Sahakian, V.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
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    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
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    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schuessler, F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Spanier, F.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Spengler, G.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Spies, F.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stinzing, F.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Stycz, K.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Sushch, I.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Valerius, K.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van der Walt, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Veh, J.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Viana, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voisin, F.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wagner, P.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Wagner, R. M.
    Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Weidinger, M.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Willmann, P.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Woernlein, A.
    Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Phys Inst, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Wouters, D.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zabalza, V.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Zefi, F.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Zywucka, N.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Detailed spectral and morphological analysis of the shell type supernova remnant RCW 862018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. We aim for an understanding of the morphological and spectral properties of the supernova remnant RCW 86 and for insights into the production mechanism leading to the RCW 86 very high-energy gamma-ray emission. Methods. We analyzed High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data that had increased sensitivity compared to the observations presented in the RCW 86 H.E.S.S. discovery publication. Studies of the morphological correlation between the 0.5-1 keV X-ray band, the 2-5 keV X-ray band, radio, and gamma-ray emissions have been performed as well as broadband modeling of the spectral energy distribution with two different emission models. Results. We present the first conclusive evidence that the TeV gamma-ray emission region is shell-like based on our morphological studies. The comparison with 2-5 keV X-ray data reveals a correlation with the 0.4-50 TeV gamma-ray emission. The spectrum of RCW 86 is best described by a power law with an exponential cutoff at E-cut = (3.5 +/- 1.2(stat)) TeV and a spectral index of Gamma approximate to 1.6 +/- 0.2. A static leptonic one-zone model adequately describes the measured spectral energy distribution of RCW 86, with the resultant total kinetic energy of the electrons above 1 GeV being equivalent to similar to 0.1% of the initial kinetic energy of a Type Ia supernova explosion (10(51) erg). When using a hadronic model, a magnetic field of B approximate to 100 mu G is needed to represent the measured data. Although this is comparable to formerly published estimates, a standard E-2 spectrum for the proton distribution cannot describe the gamma-ray data. Instead, a spectral index of Gamma(p) approximate to 1.7 would be required, which implies that similar to 7 x 10(49)/n(cm-3) erg has been transferred into high-energy protons with the effective density n(cm-3) = n/1 cm(-3). This is about 10% of the kinetic energy of a typical Type Ia supernova under the assumption of a density of 1 cm(-3).

  • 20. Acciari, V. A.
    et al.
    Aliu, E.
    Araya, M.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Falcone, A.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Guenette, R.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Imran, A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    Moriarty, P.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Pandel, D.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sentürk, G. D.
    Smith, A. W.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Weng, S.
    Williams, D. A.
    Wood, M.
    Zitzer, B.
    Gamma-Ray Observations of the Be/Pulsar Binary 1A 0535+262 During a Giant X-Ray Outburst2011In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 733, no 2, article id 96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Giant X-ray outbursts, with luminosities of about 1037 erg s–1, are observed roughly every five years from the nearby Be/pulsar binary 1A 0535+262. In this article, we present observations of the source with VERITAS at very high energies (VHEs;E >100 GeV) triggered by the X-ray outburst in 2009 December. The observations started shortly after the onset of the outburst and provided comprehensive coverage of the episode, as well as the 111 day binary orbit. No VHE emission is evident at any time. We also examined data from the contemporaneous observations of 1A 0535+262 with the Fermi/Large Area Telescope at high-energy photons (E > 0.1 GeV) and failed to detect the source at GeV energies. The X-ray continua measured with theSwift/X-Ray Telescope and the RXTE/PCA can be well described by the combination of blackbody and Comptonized emission from thermal electrons. Therefore, the gamma-ray and X-ray observations suggest the absence of a significant population of non-thermal particles in the system. This distinguishes 1A 0535+262 from those Be X-ray binaries (such as PSR B1259-63 and LS I +61°303) that have been detected at GeV-TeV energies. We discuss the implications of the results on theoretical models.

  • 21. Acciari, V. A.
    et al.
    Aliu, E.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Christiansen, J. L.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Duke, C.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Guenette, R.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Jackson, D. J.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Newbold, M. D.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sentürk, G. D.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Swordy, S. P.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Williams, D. A.
    Wood, M.
    VERITAS Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Swift2011In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 743, no 1, article id 62Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results of 16 Swift-triggered Gamma-ray burst (GRB) follow-up observations taken with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) telescope array from 2007 January to 2009 June. The median energy threshold and response time of these observations were 260 GeV and 320 s, respectively. Observations had an average duration of 90 minutes. Each burst is analyzed independently in two modes: over the whole duration of the observations and again over a shorter timescale determined by the maximum VERITAS sensitivity to a burst with a t –1.5 time profile. This temporal model is characteristic of GRB afterglows with high-energy, long-lived emission that have been detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite. No significant very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission was detected and upper limits above the VERITAS threshold energy are calculated. The VERITAS upper limits are corrected for gamma-ray extinction by the extragalactic background light and interpreted in the context of the keV emission detected by Swift. For some bursts the VHE emission must have less power than the keV emission, placing constraints on inverse Compton models of VHE emission.

  • 22. Acciari, V. A.
    et al.
    Aliu, E.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Guenette, R.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    LeBohec, S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Senturk, G. D.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    VERITAS Observations of the TeV Binary LS I +61\deg 303 During 2008-20102011In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 738, no 1, article id 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results of observations of the TeV binary LS I +61° 303 with the VERITAS telescope array between 2008 and 2010, at energies above 300 GeV. In the past, both ground-based gamma-ray telescopes VERITAS and MAGIC have reported detections of TeV emission near the apastron phases of the binary orbit. The observations presented here show no strong evidence for TeV emission during these orbital phases; however, during observations taken in late 2010, significant emission was detected from the source close to the phase of superior conjunction (much closer to periastron passage) at a 5.6 standard deviation (5.6σ) post-trials significance. In total, between 2008 October and 2010 December a total exposure of 64.5 hr was accumulated with VERITAS on LS I +61° 303, resulting in an excess at the 3.3σ significance level for constant emission over the entire integrated data set. The flux upper limits derived for emission during the previously reliably active TeV phases (i.e., close to apastron) are less than 5% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy range. This result stands in apparent contrast to previous observations by both MAGIC and VERITAS which detected the source during these phases at 10% of the Crab Nebula flux. During the two year span of observations, a large amount of X-ray data were also accrued on LS I +61° 303 by theSwift X-ray Telescope and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array. We find no evidence for a correlation between emission in the X-ray and TeV regimes during 20 directly overlapping observations. We also comment on data obtained contemporaneously by the Fermi Large Area Telescope.

  • 23. Acharya, B. S.
    et al.
    Actis, M.
    Aghajani, T.
    Agnetta, G.
    Aguilar, J.
    Aharonian, F.
    Ajello, M.
    Akhperjanian, A.
    Alcubierre, M.
    Aleksic, J.
    Alfaro, R.
    Aliu, E.
    Allafort, A. J.
    Allan, D.
    Allekotte, I.
    Amato, E.
    Anderson, J.
    Anguener, E. O.
    Antonelli, L. A.
    Antoranz, P.
    Aravantinos, A.
    Arlen, T.
    Armstrong, T.
    Arnaldi, H.
    Arrabito, L.
    Asano, K.
    Ashton, T.
    Asorey, H. G.
    Awane, Y.
    Baba, H.
    Babic, A.
    Baby, N.
    Baehr, J.
    Bais, A.
    Baixeras, C.
    Bajtlik, S.
    Balbo, M.
    Balis, D.
    Balkowski, C.
    Bamba, A.
    Bandiera, R.
    Barber, A.
    Barbier, C.
    Barcelo, M.
    Barnacka, A.
    Barnstedt, J.
    Barres de Almeida, U.
    Barrio, J. A.
    Basili, A.
    Basso, S.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bauer, C.
    Baushev, A.
    Becerra, J.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Bechtol, K. C.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Beckmann, V.
    Bednarek, W.
    Behera, B.
    Belluso, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berdugo, J.
    Berger, K.
    Bernard, F.
    Bernardino, T.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Bhat, N.
    Bhattacharyya, S.
    Bigongiari, C.
    Biland, A.
    Billotta, S.
    Bird, T.
    Birsin, E.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Biteau, J.
    Bitossi, M.
    Blake, S.
    Blanch Bigas, O.
    Blasi, P.
    Bobkov, A.
    Boccone, V.
    Boettcher, M.
    Bogacz, L.
    Bogart, J.
    Bogdan, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Boix Gargallo, J.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bonanno, G.
    Bonardi, A.
    Bonev, T.
    Bonifacio, P.
    Bonnoli, G.
    Bordas, P.
    Borgland, A.
    Borkowski, J.
    Bose, R.
    Botner, O.
    Bottani, A.
    Bouchet, L.
    Bourgeat, M.
    Boutonnet, C.
    Bouvier, A.
    Brau-Nogue, S.
    Braun, I.
    Bretz, T.
    Briggs, M.
    Bringmann, T.
    Brook, P.
    Brun, P.
    Brunetti, L.
    Buanes, T.
    Buckley, J.
    Buehler, R.
    Bugaev, V.
    Bulgarelli, A.
    Bulik, T.
    Busetto, G.
    Buson, S.
    Byrum, K.
    Cailles, M.
    Cameron, R.
    Camprecios, J.
    Canestrari, R.
    Cantu, S.
    Capalbi, M.
    Caraveo, P.
    Carmona, E.
    Carosi, A.
    Carr, J.
    Carton, P. -H
    Casanova, S.
    Casiraghi, M.
    Catalano, O.
    Cavazzani, S.
    Cazaux, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chabanne, E.
    Chadwick, P.
    Champion, C.
    Chen, A.
    Chiang, J.
    Chiappetti, L.
    Chikawa, M.
    Chitnis, V. R.
    Chollet, F.
    Chudoba, J.
    Cieslar, M.
    Cillis, A.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Colin, P.
    Calome, J.
    Colonges, S.
    Compin, M.
    Conconi, P.
    Conforti, V.
    Connaughton, V.
    Conrad, J.
    Contreras, J. L.
    Coppi, P.
    Corona, P.
    Corti, D.
    Cortina, J.
    Cossio, L.
    Costantini, H.
    Cotter, G.
    Courty, B.
    Couturier, S.
    Covino, S.
    Crimi, G.
    Criswell, S. J.
    Croston, J.
    Cusumano, G.
    Dafonseca, M.
    Dale, O.
    Daniel, M.
    Darling, J.
    Davids, I.
    Dazzi, F.
    De Angelis, A.
    De Caprio, V.
    De Frondat, F.
    de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.
    de la Calle, I.
    De La Vega, G. A.
    Lopez, R. de los Reyes
    De Lotto, B.
    De Luca, A.
    de Mello Neto, J. R. T.
    de Naurois, M.
    de Oliveira, Y.
    de Ona Wilhelmi, E.
    de Souza, V.
    Decerprit, G.
    Decock, G.
    Deil, C.
    Delagnes, E.
    Deleglise, G.
    Delgado, C.
    Della Volpe, D.
    Demange, P.
    Depaola, G.
    Dettlaff, A.
    Di Paola, A.
    Di Pierro, F.
    Diaz, C.
    Dick, J.
    Dickherber, R.
    Dickinson, H.
    Diez-Blanco, V.
    Digel, S.
    Dimitrov, D.
    Disset, G.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Doert, M.
    Dohmke, M.
    Domainko, W.
    Prester, D. Dominis
    Donat, A.
    Dorner, D.
    Doro, M.
    Dournaux, J-L
    Drake, G.
    Dravins, D.
    Drury, L.
    Dubois, F.
    Dubois, R.
    Dubus, G.
    Dufour, C.
    Dumas, D.
    Dumm, J.
    Durand, D.
    Dyks, J.
    Dyrda, M.
    Ebr, J.
    Edy, E.
    Egberts, K.
    Eger, P.
    Einecke, S.
    Eleftheriadis, C.
    Elles, S.
    Emmanoulopoulos, D.
    Engelhaupt, D.
    Enomoto, R.
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Errando, M.
    Etchegoyen, A.
    Evans, P.
    Falcone, A.
    Fantinel, D.
    Farakos, K.
    Farnier, C.
    Fasola, G.
    Favill, B.
    Fede, E.
    Federici, S.
    Fegan, S.
    Feinstein, F.
    Ferenc, D.
    Ferrando, P.
    Fesquet, M.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fillin-Martino, E.
    Fink, D.
    Finley, C.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fiorini, M.
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    Abstract [en]

    The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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    Abstract [en]

    Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.

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    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
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    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
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    Univ Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain..
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    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
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    Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain.;Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain..
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    Deutsch Elektr Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Univ Autenoma Barcelona, Unitat Fis Radiat, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Deutsch Elektr Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
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    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
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    Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain.;Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
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    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
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    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
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    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
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    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
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    Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland..
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    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
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    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
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    Univ Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain..
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    Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India..
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    Univ Tokushima, Tokai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
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    Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain.;Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain..
    Mannheim, K.
    Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.;Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany..
    Maraschi, L.
    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Mariotti, M.
    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Martinez, M.
    Univ Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain..
    Mazin, D.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.;CEA Saclay, WuServ Astrophys, Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM,UMR 7158 CEA DSM CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Menzel, U.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Minev, M.
    Univ Tokushima, Tokai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
    Mirzoyan, R.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Moralejo, A.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Moreno, V.
    Univ Autenoma Barcelona, Unitat Fis Radiat, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Moretti, E.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Munar-Adrover, P.
    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain.;North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Neustroev, V.
    Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland..
    Niedzwiecki, A.
    Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland..
    Rosillo, M. Nievas
    Univ Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain..
    Nilsson, K.
    Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland.;Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy.;FINCA, Turku, Finland..
    Nishijima, K.
    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
    Noda, K.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Nogues, L.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Paiano, S.
    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Palacio, J.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Paneque, D.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Paoletti, R.
    Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.;INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy..
    Paredes, J. M.
    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
    Paredes-Fortuny, X.
    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
    Pedaletti, G.
    Deutsch Elektr Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Peresano, M.
    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy..
    Perri, L.
    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Persic, M.
    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;Univ Bologna, INAF Trieste, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.;Univ Bologna, Dept Phys & Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy..
    Moroni, P. G. Prada
    Inst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria..
    Prandini, E.
    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Puljak, I.
    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Garcia, J. R.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Reichardt, I.
    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Rhode, W.
    Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Riti, M.
    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
    Rico, J.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Saito, T.
    Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Dept Phys, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
    Satalecka, K.
    Deutsch Elektr Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schroeder, S.
    Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Schweizer, T.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Shore, S. N.
    Inst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria..
    Sillanpaa, A.
    Univ Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain..
    Sitarek, J.
    Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland..
    S'nidarie, I.
    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Sobczynskall, D.
    Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland..
    Stamerra, A.
    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Strzys, M.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Surie, T.
    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Takalo, L.
    Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland..
    Tavecchio, F.
    INAF, Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy..
    Temnikov, P.
    Univ Tokushima, Tokai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr, Tokushima 7708501, Japan..
    Terzie, T.
    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Tescaro, D.
    Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.;INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy..
    Teshima, M.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany.;Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Torres, D. F.
    Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy..
    Torres-Alla, N.
    Univ Barcelona, IEEC UB, ICC, Barcelona 08028, Spain..
    Treves, A.
    Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy.;Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Vanzo, G.
    Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain.;Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain..
    Acosta, M. Vazquez
    Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain.;Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain..
    Vovk, I.
    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany..
    Ward, J. E.
    Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain..
    Will, M.
    Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain.;Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain..
    Wu, M. H.
    Inst Space Sci CSIC IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain..
    Zarie, D.
    Univ Osijek, Univ Zagreb FER, Univ Split FESB, Croatian MAGIC Consortium,Rudjer Boskov Inst Univ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia..
    Abdalla, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Abramowski, A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.;Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia..
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia..
    Andersson, T.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Weltraum & Astrophys, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Angtiner, E. O.
    Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Arrieta, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observat Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Aubert, P.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France..
    Backes, M.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Balzer, A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Weltraum & Astrophys, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Berge, D.
    Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland..
    Bernhard, S.
    Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bernlohr, K.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Blackwell, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bottcher, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Bolmont, J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Bordas, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observat Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Bregeon, J.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Brun, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Brun, P.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Btichele, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France..
    Capasso, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Carr, J.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Casanova, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cerruti, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Chakraborty, N.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chevalier, J.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France..
    Chretien, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Coffaro, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Cologna, G.
    Condon, B.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Conrad, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cui, Y.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Decock, J.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Degrange, B.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Dei, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Dewilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Domainko, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Drury, L. O 'C.
    Dutson, K.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Edwards, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Eger, P.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ernenwein, J. -P
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Farnier, C.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Weltraum & Astrophys, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Fernandes, M. V.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Forster, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Ftifiling, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Gajdus, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Garrigoux, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giebels, B.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Gottschal, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Goya, A.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Grondin, M. -H
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Hawkes, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hervet, O.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observat Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France.;Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Ivascenko, A.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.;Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Jacholkowska, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland..
    Janiak, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jingo, M.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Jogler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Jouvin, L.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Jung-Richardt, I.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzyfiski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerpspace Explorat Agcy JAXA, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kerszberg, D.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Kieffer, M.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France..
    King, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Klochkov, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Kluiniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Kolitzus, D.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Komin, Nu.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Krakau, S.
    Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Kraus, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Krtiger, P. P.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Laffon, H.
    Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France..
    Lau, J.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Lees, J. -P
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observat Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France..
    Lefranc, V.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Lemiere, A.
    Sorbonne Paris Cite, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, APC,CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1-AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.;Univ Bordeaux, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Lenain, J. -P
    Leser, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Lohse, T.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lorentz, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Liu, R.
    DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Lopez-Coto, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Lypova, I.
    Univ Montpellier, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France..
    Marandon, V.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France..
    Marcowith, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mariaud, C.
    Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France..
    Marx, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Maurin, G.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, 13301 Private Bag, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Maxted, N.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mayer, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Meyer, M.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland..
    Mitche, A. M. W.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Moderski, R.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mohamed, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Ntirnberg, Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Mora, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Moulin, E.
    CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland..
    Prokhorov, Dmitry
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Constraints on particle acceleration in SS433/W50 from MAGIC and HESS observations2018In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 612, article id A14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context. The large jet kinetic power and non-thermal processes occurring in the microquasar SS 433 make this source a good candidate for a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter. Gamma-ray fluxes above the sensitivity limits of current Cherenkov telescopes have been predicted for both the central X-ray binary system and the interaction regions of SS 433 jets with the surrounding W50 nebula. Non-thermal emission at lower energies has been previously reported, indicating that efficient particle acceleration is taking place in the system. Aims. We explore the capability of SS 433 to emit VHE gamma rays during periods in which the expected flux attenuation due to periodic eclipses (P-orb similar to 13.1 days) and precession of the circumstellar disk (P-pre similar to 162 days) periodically covering the central binary system is expected to be at its minimum. The eastern and western SS 433/W50 interaction regions are also examined using the whole data set available. We aim to constrain some theoretical models previously developed for this system with our observations. Methods. We made use of dedicated observations from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC) and High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of SS 433 taken from 2006 to 2011. These observation were combined for the first time and accounted for a total effective observation time of 16.5 h, which were scheduled considering the expected phases of minimum absorption of the putative VHE emission. Gamma-ray attenuation does not affect the jet/medium interaction regions. In this case, the analysis of a larger data set amounting to similar to 40-80 h, depending on the region, was employed. Results. No evidence of VHE gamma-ray emission either from the central binary system or from the eastern/western interaction regions was found. Upper limits were computed for the combined data set. Differential fluxes from the central system are found to be less than or similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) in an energy interval ranging from similar to few x 100 GeV to similar to few TeV. Integral flux limits down to similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) and similar to 10(-13)-10(-14) ph cm(-2) s(-1) are obtained at 300 and 800 GeV, respectively. Our results are used to place constraints on the particle acceleration fraction at the inner jet regions and on the physics of the jet/medium interactions. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the fraction of the jet kinetic power that is transferred to relativistic protons must be relatively small in SS 433, q(p) <= 2.5 x 10(-5), to explain the lack of TeV and neutrino emission from the central system. At the SS 433/W50 interface, the presence of magnetic fields greater than or similar to 10 mu G is derived assuming a synchrotron origin for the observed X-ray emission. This also implies the presence of high-energy electrons with E-e up to 50 TeV, preventing an efficient production of gamma-ray fluxes in these interaction regions.

  • 26. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fleischhack, H.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Johnson, C. A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Meagher, K.
    Millis, J.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Theiling, M.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zajczyk, A.
    Zitzer, B.
    A Three-year Multi-wavelength Study of the Very-high-energy γ-Ray Blazar 1ES 0229+2002014In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 782, no 1, article id 13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object 1ES 0229+200 is a relatively distant (z = 0.1396), hard-spectrum (Γ ~ 2.5), very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emitting γ-ray blazar. VHE measurements of this active galactic nucleus have been used to place constraints on the intensity of the extragalactic background light and the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). A multi-wavelength study of this object centered around VHE observations by Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is presented. This study obtained, over a period of three years, an 11.7 standard deviation detection and an average integral flux F(E > 300 GeV) = (23.3 ± 2.8stat ± 5.8sys× 10–9 photons m–2 s–1, or 1.7% of the Crab Nebula's flux (assuming the Crab Nebula spectrum measured by H.E.S.S). Supporting observations from Swift and RXTE are analyzed. TheSwift observations are combined with previously published Fermi observations and the VHE measurements to produce an overall spectral energy distribution which is then modeled assuming one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton emission. The χ2probability of the TeV flux being constant is 1.6%. This, when considered in combination with measured variability in the X-ray band, and the demonstrated variability of many TeV blazars, suggests that the use of blazars such as 1ES 0229+200 for IGMF studies may not be straightforward and challenges models that attribute hard TeV spectra to secondary γ-ray production along the line of sight.

  • 27. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Dwarkadas, V. V.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Gotthelf, E. V.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Lee, K.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Millis, J.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Pandel, D.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    \c Sentürk, G. D.
    Skole, C.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Discovery of TeV Gamma-Ray Emission toward Supernova Remnant SNR G78.2+2.12013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, \apj, Vol. 770, no 2, article id 93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of  and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N 0 × (E/TeV)–Γ) with a photon index of Γ = 2.37 ± 0.14stat ± 0.20sys and a flux normalization of N 0 = 1.5 ± 0.2stat ± 0.4sys × 10–12 photon TeV–1 cm–2 s–1. This yields an integral flux of 5.2 ± 0.8stat ± 1.4sys × 10–12 photon cm–2 s–1above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.

  • 28. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gérard, L.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Soares-Furtado, M.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    Böttcher, M.
    Fumagalli, M.
    Jadhav, J.
    Long Term Observations of B2 1215+30 with VERITAS2013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 779, no 2, article id 92Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object B2 1215+30 between 2008 and 2012. During this period, the source was detected at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV) by VERITAS with a significance of 8.9s and showed clear variability on timescales larger than months. In 2011, the source was found to be in a relatively bright state and a power-law fit to the differential photon spectrum yields a spectral index of 3.6 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.3(syst) withan integral flux above 200 GeV of (8.0 +/- 0.9(stat) +/- 3.2(syst)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). No short term variability could be detected during the bright state in 2011. Multi-wavelength data were obtained contemporaneously with the VERITAS observations in 2011 and cover optical (Super-LOTIS, MDM, Swift/UVOT), X-ray (Swift/XRT), and gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT) frequencies. These were used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of B2 1215+30. A one-zone leptonic model is used to model the blazar emission and the results are compared to those of MAGIC from early 2011 and other VERITAS-detected blazars. The SED can be reproduced well with model parameters typical for VHE-detected BL Lac objects.

  • 29. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bird, R.
    Böttcher, M.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Theiling, M.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Multiwavelength Observations and Modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a Low Flux State2013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 775, no 1, article id 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (σ) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS,Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan γ-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of  2 in the high energy (E > 1 MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) γ-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.

  • 30. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Christiansen, J. L.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Decerprit, G.
    Dickherber, R.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Feng, Q.
    Ferrer, F.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lee, K.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    \c Sentürk, G. D.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wagner, R. G.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    VERITAS deep observations of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 12012In: Physical Review D, ISSN 1550-7998, E-ISSN 1550-2368, Vol. 85, no 6, article id 062001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The VERITAS array of Cherenkov telescopes has carried out a deep observational program on the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 1. We report on the results of nearly 48 hours of good quality selected data, taken between January 2010 and May 2011. No significant γ-ray emission is detected at the nominal position of Segue 1, and upper limits on the integrated flux are derived. According to recent studies, Segue 1 is the most dark matter-dominated dwarf spheroidal galaxy currently known. We derive stringent bounds on various annihilating and decaying dark matter particle models. The upper limits on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section are ⟨σv⟩95% CL≲10−23  cm3 s−1, improving our limits from previous observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies by at least a factor of 2 for dark matter particle masses mχ≳300  GeV. The lower limits on the decay lifetime are at the level of τ95% CL≳1024  s. Finally, we address the interpretation of the cosmic ray lepton anomalies measured by ATIC and PAMELA in terms of dark matter annihilation, and show that the VERITAS observations of Segue 1 disfavor such a scenario.

  • 31. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Decerprit, G.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Dwarkadas, V. V.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Lee, K.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Millis, J.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nuñez, P. D.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Pandel, D.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    VERITAS Observations of the Nova in V407 Cygni2012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, \apj, Vol. 754, no 1, article id 77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of V407 Cygni, a symbiotic binary that underwent a nova outburst producing 0.1-10 GeV gamma rays during 2010 March 10-26. Observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System during 2010 March 19-26 at relatively large zenith angles due to the position of V407 Cyg. An improved reconstruction technique for large zenith angle observations is presented and used to analyze the data. We do not detect V407 Cygni and place a differential upper limit on the flux at 1.6 TeV of 2.3 × 10–12 erg cm–2 s–1 (at the 95% confidence level). When considered jointly with data from Fermi-LAT, this result places limits on the acceleration of very high energy particles in the nova.

  • 32. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    LeBohec, S.
    Lee, K.
    Lyutikov, M.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sentürk, G. D.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wagner, R. G.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Kondratiev, V.
    Search for a Correlation between Very-high-energy Gamma Rays and Giant Radio Pulses in the Crab Pulsar2012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 760, no 2, article id 136Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results of a joint observational campaign between the Green Bank radio telescope and the VERITAS gamma-ray telescope, which searched for a correlation between the emission of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays (E γ > 150 GeV) and giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar at 8.9 GHz. A total of 15,366 GRPs were recorded during 11.6 hr of simultaneous observations, which were made across four nights in 2008 December and in 2009 November and December. We searched for an enhancement of the pulsed gamma-ray emission within time windows placed around the arrival time of the GRP events. In total, eight different time windows with durations ranging from 0.033 ms to 72 s were positioned at three different locations relative to the GRP to search for enhanced gamma-ray emission which lagged, led, or was concurrent with, the GRP event. Furthermore, we performed separate searches on main pulse GRPs and interpulse GRPs and on the most energetic GRPs in our data sample. No significant enhancement of pulsed VHE emission was found in any of the preformed searches. We set upper limits of 5-10 times the average VHE flux of the Crab pulsar on the flux simultaneous with interpulse GRPs on single-rotation-period timescales. On ~8 s timescales around interpulse GRPs, we set an upper limit of 2-3 times the average VHE flux. Within the framework of recent models for pulsed VHE emission from the Crab pulsar, the expected VHE-GRP emission correlations are below the derived limits.

  • 33. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Dwarkadas, V. V.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Gotthelf, E. V.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kargaltsev, O.
    Karlsson, N.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Lee, K.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Roberts, M.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Slane, P.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Discovery of TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from CTA 1 by VERITAS2013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 764, no 1, article id 38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission coincident with the shell-type radio supernova remnant (SNR) CTA 1 using the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory. The source, VER J0006+729, was detected as a 6.5 standard deviation excess over background and shows an extended morphology, approximated by a two-dimensional Gaussian of semimajor (semiminor) axis 030 (024) and a centroid 5' from the Fermi gamma-ray pulsar PSR J0007+7303 and its X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The photon spectrum is well described by a power-law dN/dE = N 0(E/3 TeV)–Γ, with a differential spectral index of Γ = 2.2 ± 0.2stat ± 0.3sys, and normalization N 0 = (9.1 ± 1.3stat ± 1.7sys× 10–14 cm–2 s–1 TeV–1. The integral flux, F γ = 4.0 ×10–12 erg cm–2 s–1 above 1 TeV, corresponds to 0.2% of the pulsar spin-down power at 1.4 kpc. The energetics, colocation with the SNR, and the relatively small extent of the TeV emission strongly argue for the PWN origin of the TeV photons. We consider the origin of the TeV emission in CTA 1.

  • 34. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Böttcher, M.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Coppi, P.
    Cui, W.
    Decerprit, G.
    Dickherber, R.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Hawkins, K.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Lee, K.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Palma, N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    \c Sentürk, G. D.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Fortin, P.
    Horan, D.
    Discovery of High-energy and Very High Energy γ-Ray Emission from the Blazar RBS 04132012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 750, no 2, article id 94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the discovery of high-energy (HE; E > 0.1 GeV) and very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object RBS 0413. VERITAS, a ground-based γ-ray observatory, detected VHE γ rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations (σ) and a γ-ray flux of (1.5 ± 0.6stat ± 0.7syst× 10–8 photons m–2 s–1 (~1% of the Crab Nebula flux) above 250 GeV. The observed spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index of 3.18 ± 0.68stat ± 0.30syst. Contemporaneous observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected HE γ rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of more than 9σ, a power-law photon index of 1.57 ± 0.12stat +0.11 – 0.12sys, and a γ-ray flux between 300 MeV and 300 GeV of (1.64 ± 0.43stat +0.31 – 0.22sys× 10–5photons m–2 s–1. We present the results from Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, including a spectral energy distribution modeling of the γ-ray, quasi-simultaneous X-ray (Swift-XRT), ultraviolet (Swift-UVOT), and R-band optical (MDM) data. We find that, if conditions close to equipartition are required, both the combined synchrotron self-Compton/external-Compton and the lepto-hadronic models are preferred over a pure synchrotron self-Compton model.

  • 35. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Böttcher, M.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lee, K.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    Fortin, P.
    Horan, D.
    Fumagalli, M.
    Kaplan, K.
    Prochaska, J. X.
    VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars2012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 759, no 2, article id 102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on VERITAS very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) observations of six blazars selected from the Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog (1FGL). The gamma-ray emission from 1FGL sources was extrapolated up to the VHE band, taking gamma-ray absorption by the extragalactic background light into account. This allowed the selection of six bright, hard-spectrum blazars that were good candidate TeV emitters. Spectroscopic redshift measurements were attempted with the Keck Telescope for the targets without Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic data. No VHE emission is detected during the observations of the six sources described here. Corresponding TeV upper limits are presented, along with contemporaneousFermi observations and non-concurrent Swift UVOT and X-Ray Telescope data. The blazar broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are assembled and modeled with a single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. The SED built for each of the six blazars shows a synchrotron peak bordering between the intermediate- and high-spectrum-peak classifications, with four of the six resulting in particle-dominated emission regions.

  • 36. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Aune, T.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rousselle, J.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sheidaei, F.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Stroh, M.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Theiling, M.
    Tucci, J. V.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zajczyk, A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Abramowski, A.
    Aharonian, F.
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Anguener, E.
    Anton, G.
    Balenderan, S.
    Balzer, A.
    Barnacka, A.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Bernloehr, K.
    Birsin, E.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Biteau, J.
    Boettcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bordas, P.
    Brucker, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bulik, T.
    Carrigan, S.
    Casanova, S.
    Chadwick, P. M.
    Chalme-Calvet, R.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Cheesebrough, A.
    Chretien, M.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Cologna, G.
    Conrad, J.
    Couturier, C.
    Dalton, M.
    Daniel, M. K.
    Davids, I. D.
    Degrange, B.
    Deil, C.
    deWilt, P.
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Domainko, W.
    Drury, L. O 'C.
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    Dutson, K.
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    Edwards, T.
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    Eger, P.
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    Giebels, B.
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    Grondin, M. -H
    Grudzinska, M.
    Haeffner, S.
    Hahn, J.
    Harris, J.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hervet, O.
    Hillert, A.
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    Hofmann, W.
    Hofverberg, P.
    Holler, M.
    Horns, D.
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    Jahn, C.
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    Janiak, M.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Jung, I.
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    Katarzynski, K.
    Katz, U.
    Kaufmann, S.
    Khelifi, B.
    Kieffer, M.
    Klepser, S.
    Klochkov, D.
    Kluzniak, W.
    Kneiske, T.
    Kolitzus, D.
    Komin, Nu.
    Kosack, K.
    Krakau, S.
    Krayzel, F.
    Krueger, P. P.
    Laffon, H.
    Lamanna, G.
    Lefaucheur, J.
    Lemiere, A.
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Lenain, J. -P
    Lennarz, D.
    Lohse, T.
    Lopatin, A.
    Lu, C. -C
    Marandon, V.
    Marcowith, A.
    Marx, R.
    Maurin, G.
    Maxted, N.
    Mayer, M.
    McComb, T. J. L.
    Mehault, J.
    Menzler, U.
    Meyer, M.
    Moderski, R.
    Mohamed, M.
    Moulin, E.
    Murach, T.
    Naumann, C. L.
    de Naurois, M.
    Niemiec, J.
    Nolan, S. J.
    Oakes, L.
    Ohm, S.
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    Opitz, B.
    Ostrowski, M.
    Oya, I.
    Panter, M.
    Parsons, R. D.
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Pekeur, N. W.
    Pelletier, G.
    Perez, J.
    Petrucci, P. -O
    Peyaud, B.
    Pita, S.
    Poon, H.
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Punch, Michael
    niv Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmology, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu, Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Raab, S.
    Raue, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Renaud, M.
    de los Reyes, R.
    Rieger, F.
    Rob, L.
    Romoli, C.
    Rosier-Lees, S.
    Rowell, G.
    Rudak, B.
    Rulten, C. B.
    Sahakian, V.
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Santangelo, A.
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Schuessler, F.
    Schulz, A.
    Schwanke, U.
    Schwarzburg, S.
    Schwemmer, S.
    Sol, H.
    Spengler, G.
    Spies, F.
    Stawarz, L.
    Steenkamp, R.
    Stegmann, C.
    Stinzing, F.
    Stycz, K.
    Sushch, I.
    Szostek, A.
    Tavernet, J. -P
    Tavernier, T.
    Taylor, A. M.
    Terrier, R.
    Tluczykont, M.
    Trichard, C.
    Valerius, K.
    van Eldik, C.
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Venter, C.
    Viana, A.
    Vincent, P.
    Voelk, H. J.
    Volpe, F.
    Vorster, M.
    Wagner, S. J.
    Wagner, P.
    Ward, M.
    Weidinger, M.
    Weitzel, Q.
    White, R.
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Willmann, P.
    Woernlein, A.
    Wouters, D.
    Zacharias, M.
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Zech, A.
    Zechlin, H. -S
    Long-term TeV and X-ray Observations of the Gamma-ray Binary HESS J0632+0572014In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 780, no 2, article id 168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    HESS J0632+057 is the only gamma-ray binary known so far whose position in the sky allows observations with ground-based observatories in both thenorthern and southern hemispheres. Here we report on long-term observations of HESS J0632+057 conducted with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System and High Energy Stereoscopic System Cherenkov telescopes and the X-ray satellite Swift, spanning a time range from 2004 to 2012 and covering most of the system's orbit. The very-high-energy (VHE) emission is found to be variable and is correlated with that at X-ray energies. An orbital period of 315(-4)(+6) days is derived from the X-ray data set, which is compatible with previous results, P = (321 +/- 5) days. The VHE light curve shows a distinct maximum at orbital phases close to 0.3, or about 100 days after periastron passage, which coincides with the periodic enhancement of the X-rayemission. Furthermore, the analysis of the TeV data shows for the first time a statistically significant (> 6.5 sigma) detection at orbital phases 0.6-0.9. Theobtained gamma-ray and X-ray light curves and the correlation of the source emission at these two energy bands are discussed in the context of the recent ephemeris obtained for the system. Our results are compared to those reported for other gamma-ray binaries.

  • 37. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Aune, T.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Bird, R.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cardenzana, J. V.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dumm, J.
    Dwarkadas, V. V.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fleischhack, H.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krennrich, F.
    Kumar, S.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    McCann, A. J.
    Meagher, K.
    Millis, J.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Pandel, D.
    Park, N.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Ratliff, G.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rousselle, J.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Shahinyan, K.
    Sheidaei, F.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tucci, J. V.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Wilhelm, A.
    Investigating the TeV Morphology of MGRO J1908+06 with VERITAS2014In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 787, no 2, article id 166Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on deep observations of the extended TeV gamma-ray source MGRO J1908+06 made with the VERITAS very high energy gamma-ray observatory. Previously, the TeV emission has been attributed to the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) of theFermi-LAT pulsar PSR J1907+0602. We detect MGRO J1908+06 at a significance level of 14 standard deviations (14σ) and measure a photon index of 2.20 ± 0.10stat ± 0.20sys. The TeV emission is extended, covering the region near PSR J1907+0602 and also extending toward SNR G40.5-0.5. When fitted with a two-dimensional Gaussian, the intrinsic extension has a standard deviation of σsrc = 044 ± 002. In contrast to other TeV PWNe of similar age in which the TeV spectrum softens with distance from the pulsar, the TeV spectrum measured near the pulsar location is consistent with that measured at a position near the rim of G40.5-0.5, 033 away.

  • 38. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Archambault, S.
    Behera, B.
    Berger, K.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dumm, J.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Ratliff, G.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sheidaei, F.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Zajczyk, A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Multiwavelength Observations of the TeV Binary LS I +61° 303 with VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, and Swift/XRT during a TeV Outburst2013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 779, no 1, article id 88Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the results of a multiwavelength observational campaign on the TeV binary system LS I +61° 303 with the VERITAS telescope array (>200 GeV), Fermi-LAT (0.3-300 GeV), and Swift/XRT (2-10 keV). The data were taken from 2011 December through 2012 January and show a strong detection in all three wavebands. During this period VERITAS obtained 24.9 hr of quality selected livetime data in which LS I +61° 303 was detected at a statistical significance of 11.9σ. These TeV observations show evidence for nightly variability in the TeV regime at a post-trial significance of 3.6σ. The combination of the simultaneously obtained TeV and X-ray fluxes do not demonstrate any evidence for a correlation between emission in the two bands. For the first time since the launch of the Fermi satellite in 2008, this TeV detection allows the construction of a detailed MeV-TeV spectral energy distribution from LS I +61° 303. This spectrum shows a distinct cutoff in emission near 4 GeV, with emission seen by the VERITAS observations following a simple power-law above 200 GeV. This feature in the spectrum of LS I +61° 303, obtained from overlapping observations with Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, may indicate that there are two distinct populations of accelerated particles producing the GeV and TeV emission.

  • 39. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Guenette, R.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Imran, A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    LeBohec, S.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nuñez, P. D.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    \c Sentürk, G. D.
    Skole, C.
    Staszak, D.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    VERITAS Observations of Day-scale Flaring of M 87 in 2010 April2012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 746, no 2, article id 141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    VERITAS has been monitoring the very-high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray activity of the radio galaxy M 87 since 2007. During 2008, flaring activity on a timescale of a few days was observed with a peak flux of (0.70 ± 0.16) × 10–11 cm–2 s–1 at energies above 350 GeV. In 2010 April, VERITAS detected a flare from M 87 with peak flux of (2.71 ± 0.68) × 10–11 cm–2 s–1 forE > 350 GeV. The source was observed for six consecutive nights during the flare, resulting in a total of 21 hr of good-quality data. The most rapid flux variation occurred on the trailing edge of the flare with an exponential flux decay time of 0.90+0.22 –0.15 days. The shortest detected exponential rise time is three times as long, at 2.87+1.65 –0.99 days. The quality of the data sample is such that spectral analysis can be performed for three periods: rising flux, peak flux, and falling flux. The spectra obtained are consistent with power-law forms. The spectral index at the peak of the flare is equal to 2.19 ± 0.07. There is some indication that the spectrum is softer in the falling phase of the flare than the peak phase, with a confidence level corresponding to 3.6 standard deviations. We discuss the implications of these results for the acceleration and cooling rates of VHE electrons in M 87 and the constraints they provide on the physical size of the emitting region.

  • 40. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Böttcher, M.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weinstein, A.
    Weisgarber, T.
    Williams, D. A.
    VERITAS Observations of the Unusual Extragalactic Transient Swift J164449.3+5734512011In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, E-ISSN 2041-8213, Vol. 738, no 2, article id L30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on very high energy (>100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of Swift J164449.3+573451, an unusual transient object first detected by the Swift Observatory and later detected by multiple radio, optical, and X-ray observatories. A total exposure of 28 hr was obtained on Swift J164449.3+573451 with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) during 2011 March 28-April 15. We do not detect the source and place a differential upper limit on the emission at 500 GeV during these observations of 1.4 × 10–12 erg cm–2 s–1 (99% confidence level). We also present time-resolved upper limits and use a flux limit averaged over the X-ray flaring period to constrain various emission scenarios that can accommodate both the radio-through-X-ray emission detected from the source and the lack of detection by VERITAS.

  • 41. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Aune, T.
    Barnacka, A.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Biteau, J.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cardenzana, J. V.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connaughton, V.
    Cui, W.
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Eisch, J. D.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fleischhack, H.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Håkansson, N.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Johnson, C. A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kar, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Meagher, K.
    Millis, J.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Pueschel, E.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Shahinyan, K.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tucci, J. V.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weiner, O. M.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Wilhelm, A.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    McEnery, J. E.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Veres, P.
    Zhu, S.
    Constraints on Very High Energy Emission from GRB 130427A2014In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, E-ISSN 2041-8213, Vol. 795, no 1, article id L3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prompt emission from the very fluent and nearby (z = 0.34) gamma-ray burst GRB 130427A was detected by several orbiting telescopes and by ground-based, wide-field-of-view optical transient monitors. Apart from the intensity and proximity of this GRB, it is exceptional due to the extremely long-lived high-energy (100 MeV to 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission, which was detected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope for ~70 ks after the initial burst. The persistent, hard-spectrum, high-energy emission suggests that the highest-energy gamma rays may have been produced via synchrotron self-Compton processes though there is also evidence that the high-energy emission may instead be an extension of the synchrotron spectrum. VERITAS, a ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array, began follow-up observations of GRB 130427A ~71 ks (~20 hr) after the onset of the burst. The GRB was not detected with VERITAS; however, the high elevation of the observations, coupled with the low redshift of the GRB, make VERITAS a very sensitive probe of the emission from GRB 130427A for E > 100 GeV. The non-detection and consequent upper limit derived place constraints on the synchrotron self-Compton model of high-energy gamma-ray emission from this burst.

  • 42. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Aune, T.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Bird, R.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cardenzana, J. V.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortin, P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kargaltsev, O.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Pandel, D.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Theiling, M.
    Tucci, J. V.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Observations of the Unidentified Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130 by VERITAS2014In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 783Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    TeV J2032+4130 was the first unidentified source discovered at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV), with no obvious counterpart in any other wavelength. It is also the first extended source to be observed in VHE gamma rays. Following its discovery, intensive observational campaigns have been carried out in all wavelengths in order to understand the nature of the object, which have met with limited success. We report here on a deep observation of TeV J2032+4130   based on 48.2 hr of data taken from 2009 to 2012 by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System experiment. The source is detected at 8.7 standard deviations (σ) and is found to be extended and asymmetric with a width of 9.'5 ± 1.'2 along the major axis and 4.'0 ± 0.'5 along the minor axis. The spectrum is well described by a differential power law with an index of 2.10 ± 0.14stat ± 0.21sys and a normalization of (9.5 ± 1.6stat ± 2.2sys× 10–13 TeV–1 cm–2 s–1 at 1 TeV. We interpret these results in the context of multiwavelength scenarios which particularly favor the pulsar wind nebula interpretation.

  • 43. Aliu, E.
    et al.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Böttcher, M.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Decerprit, G.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Feng, Q.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Hivick, B.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Rose, H. J.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    Ciprini, S.
    Fumagalli, M.
    Kaplan, K.
    Paneque, D.
    Prochaska, J. X.
    Multiwavelength Observations of the Previously Unidentified Blazar RX J0648.7+15162011In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 742, no 2, article id 127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the VERITAS discovery of very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission above 200 GeV from the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac (HBL) object RX J0648.7+1516 (GB J0648+1516), associated with 1FGL J0648.8+1516. The photon spectrum above 200 GeV is fitted by a power law dN/dE = F 0(E/E 0)–Γ with a photon index Γ of 4.4 ± 0.8stat ± 0.3syst and a flux normalization F 0 of (2.3 ± 0.5stat ± 1.2sys× 10–11 TeV–1 cm–2 s–1 with E 0 = 300 GeV. No VHE variability is detected during VERITAS observations of RX J0648.7+1516 between 2010 March 4 and April 15. Following the VHE discovery, the optical identification and spectroscopic redshift were obtained using the Shane 3 m Telescope at the Lick Observatory, showing the unidentified object to be a BL Lac type with a redshift of z = 0.179. Broadband multiwavelength observations contemporaneous with the VERITAS exposure period can be used to subclassify the blazar as an HBL object, including data from the MDM observatory, Swift-UVOT, and X-Ray Telescope, and continuous monitoring at photon energies above 1 GeV from the FermiLarge Area Telescope (LAT). We find that in the absence of undetected, high-energy rapid variability, the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model overproduces the high-energy gamma-ray emission measured by the Fermi-LAT over 2.3 years. The spectral energy distribution can be parameterized satisfactorily with an external-Compton or lepto-hadronic model, which have two and six additional free parameters, respectively, compared to the one-zone SSC model.

  • 44. Archambault, S.
    et al.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Kumar, S.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Millis, J.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Theiling, M.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    Böttcher, M.
    Fegan, S. J.
    Fortin, P.
    Halpern, J. P.
    Kovalev, Y. Y.
    Lister, M. L.
    Liu, J.
    Pushkarev, A. B.
    Smith, P. S.
    Discovery of a New TeV Gamma-Ray Source: VER J0521+2112013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 776, no 2, article id 69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the detection of a new TeV gamma-ray source, VER J0521+211, based on observations made with the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Array. These observations were motivated by the discovery of a cluster of >30 GeV photons in the first year of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. VER J0521+211 is relatively bright at TeV energies, with a mean photon flux of (1.93 ± 0.13stat ± 0.78sys× 10–11 cm–2 s–1 above 0.2 TeV during the period of the VERITAS observations. The source is strongly variable on a daily timescale across all wavebands, from optical to TeV, with a peak flux corresponding to ~0.3 times the steady Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Follow-up observations in the optical and X-ray bands classify the newly discovered TeV source as a BL Lac-type blazar with uncertain redshift, although recent measurements suggest z = 0.108. VER J0521+211 exhibits all the defining properties of blazars in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.

  • 45. Archambault, S.
    et al.
    Aune, T.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Bird, R.
    Biteau, J.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cardenzana, J. V.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fleischhack, H.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Johnson, C. A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Kumar, S.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    McCann, A.
    Meagher, K.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Shahinyan, K.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tucci, J. V.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vassiliev, V. V.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Wilhelm, A.
    Williams, D. A.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Albert, A.
    Baldini, L.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Bregeon, J.
    Buehler, R.
    Buson, S.
    Caliandro, G. A.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Charles, E.
    Chiang, J.
    Ciprini, S.
    Claus, R.
    Cutini, S.
    D’Ammando, F.
    de Angelis, A.
    de Palma, F.
    Dermer, C. D.
    Digel, S. W.
    Di Venere, L.
    Drell, P. S.
    Favuzzi, C.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Fusco, P.
    Gargano, F.
    Gasparrini, D.
    Giglietto, N.
    Giordano, F.
    Giroletti, M.
    Grenier, I. A.
    Guiriec, S.
    Jogler, T.
    Kuss, M.
    Larsson, S.
    Latronico, L.
    Longo, F.
    Loparco, F.
    Lubrano, P.
    Madejski, G. M.
    Mayer, M.
    Mazziotta, M. N.
    Michelson, P. F.
    Mizuno, T.
    Monzani, M. E.
    Morselli, A.
    Murgia, S.
    Nuss, E.
    Ohsugi, T.
    Ormes, J. F.
    Paneque, D.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Piron, F.
    Pivato, G.
    Rainò, S.
    Razzano, M.
    Reimer, A.
    Reimer, O.
    Ritz, S.
    Schaal, M.
    Sgrò, C.
    Siskind, E. J.
    Spinelli, P.
    Takahashi, H.
    Tibaldo, L.
    Tinivella, M.
    Troja, E.
    Vianello, G.
    Werner, M.
    Wood, M.
    Collaboration, Fermi LAT
    Deep Broadband Observations of the Distant Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 1424+2402014In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, E-ISSN 2041-8213, Vol. 785, no 1, article id L16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z ≥ 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 ± 0.3) × 10–7 photons m–2 s–1 above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 ± 0.08) × 10–7 photons m–2 s–1 above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) spectral indices are Γ = 3.8 ± 0.3, 4.3 ± 0.6 and 4.5 ± 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than τ = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics.

  • 46. Archambault, S.
    et al.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berger, K.
    Bird, R.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chen, X.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Duke, C.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Griffin, S.
    Griffiths, S. T.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Lang, M. J.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nieto, D.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Otte, A. N.
    Pandel, D.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Popkow, A.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Rajotte, J.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Richards, G. T.
    Roache, E.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Sheidaei, F.
    Smith, A. W.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Theiling, M.
    Tucci, J. V.
    Tyler, J.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    McCollough, M. L.
    Astrophysical Observatory, S.
    VERITAS Observations of the Microquasar Cygnus X-32013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 779, no 2, article id 150Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report results from TeV gamma-ray observations of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. The observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) over a time period from 2007 June 11 to 2011 November 28. VERITAS is most sensitive to gamma rays at energies between 85 GeV and 30 TeV. The effective exposure time amounts to a total of about 44 hr, with the observations covering six distinct radio/X-ray states of the object. No significant TeV gamma-ray emission was detected in any of the states, nor with all observations combined. The lack of a positive signal, especially in the states where GeV gamma rays were detected, places constraints on TeV gamma-ray production in Cygnus X-3. We discuss the implications of the results.

  • 47. Arlen, T.
    et al.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Dumm, J.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Imran, A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lee, K.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    Maier, G.
    Majumdar, P.
    McArthur, S.
    McCann, A.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Otte, A. N.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany.
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Ruppel, J.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Skole, C.
    Smith, A. W.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Tesić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Thibadeau, S.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vivier, M.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Ward, J. E.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Pfrommer, C.
    Pinzke, A.
    Constraints on Cosmic Rays, Magnetic Fields, and Dark Matter from Gamma-Ray Observations of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies with VERITAS and Fermi2012In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 757, no 2, article id 123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission coincident with the shell-type radio supernova remnant (SNR) CTA 1 using the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory. The source, VER J0006+729, was detected as a 6.5 standard deviation excess over background and shows an extended morphology, approximated by a two-dimensional Gaussian of semimajor (semiminor) axis 030 (024) and a centroid 5' from the Fermi gamma-ray pulsar PSR J0007+7303 and its X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The photon spectrum is well described by a power-law dN/dE = N 0(E/3 TeV)–Γ, with a differential spectral index of Γ = 2.2 ± 0.2stat ± 0.3sys, and normalization N 0 = (9.1 ± 1.3stat ± 1.7sys× 10–14 cm–2 s–1 TeV–1. The integral flux, F γ = 4.0 ×10–12 erg cm–2 s–1 above 1 TeV, corresponds to 0.2% of the pulsar spin-down power at 1.4 kpc. The energetics, colocation with the SNR, and the relatively small extent of the TeV emission strongly argue for the PWN origin of the TeV photons. We consider the origin of the TeV emission in CTA 1.

  • 48. Arlen, T.
    et al.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Cesarini, A.
    Ciupik, L.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Dumm, J.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Federici, S.
    Feng, Q.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Khassen, Y.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Maier, G.
    Moriarty, P.
    Mukherjee, R.
    Nelson, T.
    O’Faoláin de Bhróithe, A.
    Ong, R. A.
    Orr, M.
    Park, N.
    Perkins, J. S.
    Pichel, A.
    Pohl, M.
    Prokoph, Heike
    DESY, Germany .
    Quinn, J.
    Ragan, K.
    Reyes, L. C.
    Reynolds, P. T.
    Roache, E.
    Saxon, D. B.
    Schroedter, M.
    Sembroski, G. H.
    Staszak, D.
    Telezhinsky, I.
    Te\v sić, G.
    Theiling, M.
    Tsurusaki, K.
    Varlotta, A.
    Vincent, S.
    Wakely, S. P.
    Weekes, T. C.
    Weinstein, A.
    Welsing, R.
    Williams, D. A.
    Zitzer, B.
    Collaboration, V E R I T A S
    Jorstad, S. G.
    MacDonald, N. R.
    Marscher, A. P.
    Smith, P. S.
    Walker, R. C.
    Hovatta, T.
    Richards, J.
    Max-Moerbeck, W.
    Readhead, A.
    Lister, M. L.
    Kovalev, Y. Y.
    Pushkarev, A. B.
    Gurwell, M. A.
    Lähteenmäki, A.
    Nieppola, E.
    Tornikoski, M.
    Järvelä, E.
    Rapid TeV Gamma-Ray Flaring of BL Lacertae2013In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 762, no 2, article id 92Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the detection of a very rapid TeV gamma-ray flare from BL Lacertae on 2011 June 28 with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The flaring activity was observed during a 34.6 minute exposure, when the integral flux above 200 GeV reached (3.4 ± 0.6) × 10–6 photons m–2 s–1, roughly 125% of the Crab Nebula flux measured by VERITAS. The light curve indicates that the observations missed the rising phase of the flare but covered a significant portion of the decaying phase. The exponential decay time was determined to be 13 ± 4 minutes, making it one of the most rapid gamma-ray flares seen from a TeV blazar. The gamma-ray spectrum of BL Lacertae during the flare was soft, with a photon index of 3.6 ± 0.4, which is in agreement with the measurement made previously by MAGIC in a lower flaring state. Contemporaneous radio observations of the source with the Very Long Baseline Array revealed the emergence of a new, superluminal component from the core around the time of the TeV gamma-ray flare, accompanied by changes in the optical polarization angle. Changes in flux also appear to have occurred at optical, UV, and GeV gamma-ray wavelengths at the time of the flare, although they are difficult to quantify precisely due to sparse coverage. A strong flare was seen at radio wavelengths roughly four months later, which might be related to the gamma-ray flaring activities. We discuss the implications of these multiwavelength results.

  • 49. Bernloehr, K.
    et al.
    Barnacka, A.
    Becherini, Yvonne
    Ecole Polytechnique.
    Blanch Bigas, O.
    Carmona, E.
    Colin, P.
    Decerprit, G.
    Di Pierro, F.
    Dubois, F.
    Farnier, C.
    Funk, S.
    Hermann, G.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Khelifi, B.
    Kihm, T.
    Komin, N.
    Lenain, J-P
    Maier, G.
    Mazin, D.
    Medina, M. C.
    Moralejo, A.
    Nolan, S. J.
    Ohm, S.
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    Parsons, R. D.
    Arribas, M. Paz
    Pedaletti, G.
    Pita, S.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Rulten, C. B.
    Schwanke, U.
    Shayduk, M.
    Stamatescu, V.
    Vallania, P.
    Vorobiov, S.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Yoshikoshi, T.
    Zech, A.
    Monte Carlo design studies for the Cherenkov Telescope Array2013In: Astroparticle physics, ISSN 0927-6505, E-ISSN 1873-2852, Vol. 43, p. 171-188Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Cherenkov Telescopes Array (CTA) is planned as the future instrument for very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy with a wide energy range of four orders of magnitude and an improvement in sensitivity compared to current instruments of about an order of magnitude. Monte Carlo simulations are a crucial tool in the design of CTA. The ultimate goal of these simulations is to find the most cost-effective solution for given physics goals and thus sensitivity goals or to find, for a given cost, the solution best suited for different types of targets with CTA. Apart from uncertain component cost estimates, the main problem in this procedure is the dependence on a huge number of configuration parameters, both in specifications of individual telescope types and in the array layout. This is addressed by simulation of a huge array intended as a superset of many different realistic array layouts, and also by simulation of array subsets for different telescope parameters. Different analysis methods - in use with current installations and extended (or developed specifically) for CTA - are applied to the simulated data sets for deriving the expected sensitivity of CTA. In this paper we describe the current status of this iterative approach to optimize the CTA design and layout. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 50.
    Cerruti, M.
    et al.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Bottcher, M.
    North West Univ, South Africa.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Germany.
    Davids, I. D.
    North West Univ, South Africa ; Univ Namibia, Namibia.
    Fuessling, M.
    DESY, Germany.
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Lenain, J. P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, France.
    Meyer, M.
    Stockholm University.
    Prokoph, Heike
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering.
    Wagner, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Zaborov, D.
    Ecole Polytech, France.
    Zacharias, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Germany.
    Target of Opportunity Observations of Blazars with HESS2017In: HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY / [ed] Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM, American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2017, article id UNSP 050029Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) sky is dominated by blazars, radio-loud active galactic nuclei whose relativistic jet is closely aligned with the line of sight. Blazars are characterized by rapid variability at all wavelengths and thus an important part of the H.E.S.S. blazar program is devoted to target of opportunity (ToO) observations. H.E.S.S. triggers blazar ToOs on the basis of publicly available blazar observations at longer wavelengths (optical, X-rays, and gamma-rays), from private optical observations with the ATOM telescope, and from private communications by gamma-ray partners in the context of MoUs. In 2015, about 70 hours of H.E.S.S. data were taken in the form of blazar ToOs, which represents 15% of all extragalactic observations. In this contribution, we present the H.E.S.S. blazar ToO status, and we focus on two major results from the 2015 season: the detection of VHE emission from 3C 279 during the June 2015 flare, and the discovery of PKS 0736+017 as a new VHE quasar.

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