lnu.sePublications
Change search
Refine search result
1234 1 - 50 of 165
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Knief, Ulrich
    et al.
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Bregnballe, Thomas
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Alfarwi, Ibrahim
    Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK.
    Ballmann, Mónika Z.
    Deltamilieu Projecten, The Netherlands.
    Brenninkmeijer, Allix
    Province of Groningen, The Netherlands.
    Bzoma, Szymon
    Waterbird Research Group KULING, Poland.
    Chabrolle, Antoine
    Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, France.
    Dimmlich, Jannis
    Verein Jordsand e.V, Germany.
    Engel, Elias
    Der Mellumrat e.V, Germany.
    Fijn, Ruben
    Waardenburg Ecology, The Netherlands.
    Fischer, Kim
    Sønderho, Denmark.
    Hälterlein, Bernd
    Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park Administration, Germany.
    Haupt, Matthias
    324241 Blumenthal, Germany.
    Hennig, Veit
    University of Hamburg, Germany.
    Herrmann, Christof
    Agency for Environment, Germany.
    in ‘t Veld, Ronald
    Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, The Netherlands.
    Kirchhoff, Elisabeth
    Verein Jordsand e.V., Germany.
    Kristersson, Mikael
    Falsterbo Bird Observatory, Sweden.
    Kühn, Susanne
    Wageningen Marine Research, The Netherlands.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Larsson, Rolf
    Torhamn Bird Observatory, Sweden.
    Lawton, Neil
    Natural England, UK.
    Leopold, Mardik
    Wageningen Marine Research, The Netherlands.
    Lilipaly, Sander
    Deltamilieu Projecten, The Netherlands.
    Lock, Leigh
    Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK.
    Marty, Régis
    Communauté de Communes de l’île de Noirmoutier, France.
    Matheve, Hans
    Ghent University, Belgium.
    Meissner, Włodzimierz
    University of Gdańsk, Poland.
    Morrison, Paul
    Coast Zone Conservation, UK.
    Newton, Stephen
    Birdwatch Ireland, Ireland.
    Olofsson, Patrik
    31196 Heberg, Sweden.
    Packmor, Florian
    Lower Saxon Wadden Sea National Park Authority, Germany.
    Pedersen, Kjeld T.
    DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
    Redfern, Chris
    Newcastle University, UK.
    Scarton, Francesco
    SELC Società Cooperativa, Italy.
    Schenk, Fred
    Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, The Netherlands.
    Scher, Olivier
    Conservatoire d’espaces naturels d’Occitanie, France.
    Serra, Lorenzo
    Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), France.
    Sibille, Alexandre
    Eden 62, France.
    Smith, Julian
    6St. John’s, Brough, Thurso, Caithness, UK.
    Smith, Wez
    Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK.
    Sterup, Jacob
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Stienen, Eric
    Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium.
    Strassner, Viola
    Der Mellumrat e.V, Germany.
    Valle, Roberto G.
    30125 Venice, Italy.
    van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.
    Waardenburg Ecology, The Netherlands.
    Veen, Jan
    7345 CC Wenum-Wiesel, The Netherlands.
    Vervaeke, Muriel
    Agency for Nature and Forests, Belgium.
    Weston, Ewan
    Comers Wood Croft, France.
    Wojcieszek, Monika
    Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK.
    Courtens, Wouter
    7Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium.
    Highly pathogenic avian influenza causes mass mortality in Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis breeding colonies across north-western Europe2024In: Bird conservation international, ISSN 0959-2709, E-ISSN 1474-0001, Vol. 34, article id e6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b became enzootic and caused mass mortality in Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensis and other seabird species across north-western Europe. We present data on the characteristics of the spread of the virus between and within breeding colonies and the number of dead adult Sandwich Terns recorded at breeding sites throughout north-western Europe. Within two months of the first reported mortalities, 20,531 adult Sandwich Terns were found dead, which is >17% of the total north-western European breeding population. This is probably an under-representation of total mortality, as many carcasses are likely to have gone unnoticed and unreported. Within affected colonies, almost all chicks died. After the peak of the outbreak, in a colony established by late breeders, 25.7% of tested adults showed immunity to HPAI subtype H5. Removal of carcasses was associated with lower levels of mortality at affected colonies. More research on the sources and modes of transmission, incubation times, effective containment, and immunity is urgently needed to combat this major threat for colonial seabirds.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2.
    Katerina, Zdravkova
    et al.
    University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia;University of Tetova, Macedonia.
    Dalipi, Fisnik
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Informatics.
    Ahlgren, Fredrik
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM). Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Integration of Large Language Models into Higher Education: A Perspective from Learners2024In: 2023 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE), Setúbal, Portugal, 2023, IEEE, 2024Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Large language models (LLMs) are being criticized for copyright infringement, inadvertent bias in training data, a danger to human innovation, the possibility of distributing incorrect or misleading information, and prejudice. Due to their popularity among students, the introduction of many comparable apps, and the inability to resist unfair and fraudulent student usage, their educational use needs to be adapted and harmonized. The incorporation of LLMs should be defined not only by pedagogues and educational institutions, but also by students who will actively utilize them to learn and prepare assignments. In order to find out what students from two universities think and suggest about LLMs use in education, they were asked to give their contribution by answering the survey that was conducted at the beginning of the spring semester of academic 2022/23. Their feedback was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, showing in a better light what students think about LLMs and how and why they would use them. Based on the analysis, the authors propose an original strategy for integrating LLMs into education. The proposed approach is also adapted for those students who are not interested in using LLMs and for those who prefer the hybrid mode by combining their own research with LLMs generated recommendations. The authors expect that by implementing the proposed strategy, schools will benefit from a better education in which research, creativity, academic honesty, recognition of false information, and the ability to improve knowledge will prevail.

  • 3.
    Larsson, Simon
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Reducing the contingency of the world: magic, oracles, and machine-learning technology2024In: AI & Society: The Journal of Human-Centred Systems and Machine Intelligence, ISSN 0951-5666, E-ISSN 1435-5655, Vol. 39, p. 183-193Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of magic is frequently used to discuss technology, a practice considered useful by some with others arguing that viewing technology as magic precludes a proper understanding of technology. The concept of magic is especially prominent in discussions of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Based on an anthropological perspective, this paper juxtaposes ML technology with magic, using descriptions drawn from a project on an ML-powered system for propulsion control of cargo ships. The paper concludes that prior scholarly work on technology has failed to both define magic adequately and use research into magic. It also argues that although the distinction between ML technology and magic is important, recognition of the similarities is useful for understanding ML technology.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Svensson, Anders
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Region Kronoberg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Bengt
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology. Agunnaryd Voluntary Fire Brigade, Sweden.
    Lantz, Emelie
    Lund University, Sweden;The Swedish Fire Research Foundation, Sweden;West Blekinge Fire and Rescue Service, Sweden.
    Bremer, Anders
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Israelsson, Johan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Region Kalmar County, Sweden.
    Response times in rural areas for emergency medical services, fire and rescue services and voluntary first responders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests2024In: Resuscitation Plus, E-ISSN 2666-5204, Vol. 17, article id 100548Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To increase survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA), great efforts are made to improve the number of voluntary first responders (VFR). However, evidence of the potential utility of such efforts is sparse, especially in rural areas. Therefore, the aim was to describe and compare response times for emergency medical services (EMS), fire and rescue services (FRS), and VFR during OHCA in relation to population density.

    Methods: This observational and comparative study was based on data including positions and time stamps for VFR and response times for EMS and FRS in a region in southern Sweden.ResultsIn total, 285 OHCAs between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2021 were analysed. VFR had the shortest median response time in comparison to EMS and FRS in all studied population densities. The overall median (Q1–Q3) time gain for VFR was 03:07 (01:39–05:41) minutes. A small proportion (19.2%) of alerted VFR accepted the assignments. This is most problematic in rural and sub-rural areas, where there were low numbers of alerted VFR. Also, FRS had shorter response time than EMS in all studied population densities except in urban areas.

    Conclusion: The differences found in median response times between rural and urban areas are worrisome from an equality perspective. More focus should be placed on recruiting VFR, especially in rural areas since VFR can potentially contribute to saving more lives. Also, since FRS has a shorter response time than EMS in rural, sub-rural, and sub-urban areas, FRS should be dispatched more frequently.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 5.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Age and sex ratios of wintering Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis can be determined by analysis of photos of flying flocks at sea: A method description2023In: Ornis Svecica, ISSN 1102-6812, E-ISSN 2003-2633, Vol. 33, p. 1-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The West Siberian / North European population of Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis that breeds in Fennoscandia and Northwestern Russia, and winters in the Baltic Sea, has declined by at least 65 % since the 1990s and is classified as globally vulnerable. To propose effective management actions to stop the decline, knowledge about demographic parameters is required. A photo survey method by which it is possible, in winter, to collect data on sex ratios and production of first-winter birds is presented here. The plumage traits and bill patterns, which are detectable in photos taken at a distance, are described. The traits can be used to discriminate between three categories of birds: adult males, first-winter males, and females. To extrapolate results from several photo surveys and obtain population-wide estimates of demographic parameters, knowledge about non-random distributions of different bird categories is needed. It was found that different age and sex categories were distributed differently across flocks of different sizes. The required sample sizes and the possible constraints and biases related to the photo survey method are discussed.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 6.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., Brazil.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Analyzing human factors and complexities of mining and O&G process accidents using FRAM: Copiapó (Chile) and FPSO CSM (Brazil) cases2023In: Process safety progress, ISSN 1066-8527, E-ISSN 1547-5913, Vol. 42, no S1, p. S9-S18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study presented in this research is a systematic human factors approach comparing two striking process accidents in Latin America: the Copiapó mining accident (2010), at the San José copper-gold mine, in Chile, and the FPSO CSM accident (2015), at Camarupim offshore oil field, in Brazil. Despite being different industrial segments - mining and O&G - more similarities than differences were observed in the treatment of process safety anomalies, especially those related to major accidents. The intense interactions between workers, equipment and processes, in both industries, have been making significant developments in the edge of innovation and technology, however increasing the complexity of risks in the workplaces. Furthermore, the differences between the preparation and handling of emergency situations show how complex, and critical, process safety is in these industrial areas. Aiming to adequately evidence how this complexity is intrinsically part of the various system that form the entire process, the FRAM (Functional ResonanceAnalysis Method) was utilized to model and analyses both accidents, under a human factors approach. Interactions and interrelations between LOPC, non technical skills, resilience and technical procedures were noticed as crucial for process safety and productivity of daily operations, as well as the preparedness for emergency situations.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Oliveira, Antônio
    Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Silva, Luciana
    Petrobras, Brazil.
    Karlsson, Pär
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Analyzing non‑technical skills in the sharp end of facilities/utilities operations in onshore and offshore O&G process plants2023In: Environment Systems and Decisions, ISSN 2194-5403, E-ISSN 2194-5411, Vol. 43, p. 251-264Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is on the sharp end of the O&G operations where the real work happens, but also where the highest risks and system demands are placed. Understanding the skills - technical and non-technical - necessary to perform efficiently and safely is not only needed to maintain the business and assets, but also to ensure the safety of lives and the environment. Accidents such as Piper Alpha (1988), P-36 (2001) and Deepwater Horizon (2010) highlight the importance of understanding the real role of the human element in these events, from the highest hierarchical levels to the sharp end, where the work as done takes place. This article presents a non-technical skills analysis focused on the sharp end of O&G operations, specifically in the facilities/utilities operations, onshore (refineries) and offshore (production platforms). The findings show the importance and presence of certain non-technical skills, as well as the need for improvement of others in the daily routine and in emergencies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Univ Petrobras, Brazil.
    Vaz, Maria Ines
    KTH Royal instute of technology, Sweden.
    Coutinho, Brenda Rodrigues
    KTH Royal instute of technology, Sweden.
    Pina, Luis
    KTH Royal instute of technology, Sweden.
    Analyzing organizational gaps in process accidents with FRAM: The case of the Imperial Sugar refinery explosion (2008)2023In: Process safety progress, ISSN 1066-8527, E-ISSN 1547-5913, Vol. 42, no 51, p. S87-S96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents a reanalysis of the Imperial Sugar refinery accident that occurred in February 2008, in Georgia, USA, using functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) and based on technical-scientific materials and the official reports. This explosion was fueled by sugar dust in the packaging building of the refinery, causing 14 fatalities and injuring 38 workers. The purpose of this reanalysis is to seek factors and interactions that could not be well analyzed or evidenced using traditional accident investigation techniques, which are primally designed to analyze linear systems. This reanalysis with FRAM allowed us to perceive the influence of organizational elements, such as culture, in the accidental chain of the event, highlighting the need of a broader approach for accidents involving high-tech process industries. In this sense, FRAM enabled a more comprehensive analysis of the complex functioning of process plants, for both normal operation and in emergency. It was noticed that the greater the complexity of work systems, the greater the interaction and variability between personnel, equipment, and systems, requiring analysis techniques and methodologies capable of recognizing the real complexities that take place in these sociotechnical systems, especially in high-tech process plants, such as the sugar refinery in this case.

  • 9.
    Andersson, Mathias
    et al.
    FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden.
    Bensow, Rickard
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Glebe, Dag
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Hassellöv, Ida-Maja
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Lalander, Emilia
    FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden.
    Langlet, David
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Malmberg, Lars-Göran
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sundblad, Eva-Lotta
    Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment, Sweden.
    Svedendahl, Mikael
    FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden.
    Management Measures to Reduce Continuous Underwater Noise from Shipping2023Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Underwater radiated noise (URN) from commercial ships is a significant source of elevated noise levels in the oceans and can have a negative impact on marine wildlife. Noise from commercial shipping places additional stress on the oceans, but is one of the least studied environmental pollutants, and there is an urgent need to reduce the aggregate stress levels. 

    Until recently, reduction of underwater noise has not been prioritised by ship designers, shipowners, or crews. Even within the field of marine management, noise has received limited interest. However, the International Maritime organization (IMO) has adopted global guidelines on URN reduction, which are currently being updated. Within the EU, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) Descriptor 11 criteria 11.2, now provides a framework for marine administrators to manage noise by establishing threshold values. 

    Marine management focuses on the total noise load on the marine environment. Management entails several considerations before recommendations can be made. As a first step, interdisciplinary teams need to assess the aggregated noise levels and determine acceptable thresholds based on the local ecosystem, then assess which existing mandates and management tools can be used, and finally assess how effective these mandates have been in improving the environment. These activities must also be managed in a way that is acceptable to various relevant stakeholders, who would need to follow the decisions. The URN from a ship can be affected by the vessel’s design, either during its construction or during upgrades, and balances a trade-off against fuel efficiency. However, the URN can also depend on how the ship is operated. Regulating ship speed is one potential management tool, and its effectiveness needs to be assessed. Other management measures include how shipping lanes are drawn, areas to avoid, financial support, information, etc. 

    This report focuses on possible policy measures that the Swedish authorities could adopt to lower URN by regulating the speed of ships. The report presents an interdisciplinary analysis, using a case study of an area in the southern Kattegat that covered several maritime zones, different national jurisdictions, intensive traffic, and high natural values. An important part of the work was to assess whether existing source models for ship noise could be used for the type of ships that are common in waters around Sweden. In this study, the JOMOPANS-ECHO (J-E) model was used.

    The J-E model was validated by comparing measurement data from a hydrophone station at Vinga on the Swedish coast that collected data from ships (254 passages) that used the port of Gothenburg. The analysis showed some deviation between the J-E model and measurement data, which could be due to differences in the length and speed of ships in waters around Sweden compared to the ships used in the development of the J-E model. However, this was likely to have negligible impact on the outcome of the case study.

    Analyses of ship traffic in 2021 showed that 4,511 unique vessels visited the study area at least once. Most ships followed the main routes, but no part of the study area was completely free from ship traffic. About 68% of the ships visited the study area for 1-4 days, while about 32% visited the area more regularly. The most common ship types were General Cargo Ships, Dry Bulk Ships, and Tankers. The ships that on average travelled at highest speeds were RoPax Ships, RoRo Ships, Vehicle Carriers, and Container Ships. The ships were registered in 64 countries. About two percent of the ships were registered in Sweden and about four percent in Denmark.

    Legal analysis showed that Sweden has the right and the responsibility to take measures to reduce underwater noise from ships to the extent that the noise can be deemed to pollute the marine environment. However, this mainly applies to Sweden’s territorial seas, which cover roughly half the area being studied for this report. In the portion that constitutes Danish territorial sea, Denmark has comparable opportunities for managing URN. In areas that are Swedish or Danish exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the ability to introduce mandatory speed limits is significantly limited. There, the most realistic option would be to request the IMO to establish speed limits, or alternatively to issue a recommendation to navigate at lower speeds, although such guidance could not be enforced on ships that do not voluntarily reduce their speed.

    It was estimated that lowering the ships' speeds to a hypothetical limit of 11 kn would reduce the average URN levels by 4.4 ± 2 dB, as registered by local receivers in the study area. This speed limit would affect approximately 44% of the ships in the area. A maximum speed of 13 kn would instead reduce the level by 1.9 ± 0.5 dB and would affect 11% of the ships on average. The reduction in noise levels may temporarily be much higher in the immediate vicinity of individual fast ships, and there might be a high degree of variation between different ships.

    The study and report make it clear that it is a complex task to assess the feasibility and benefit of introducing a specific marine management tool, in this case an enforceable local speed limit. But it is also clear that there are reliable methods to make the preliminary assessments, and that it requires interdisciplinary analyses and competence.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Hult, Carl
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Perceived Quality of Safety Training Onboard Ship: The Swedish Case2023In: TransNav, International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, ISSN 2083-6473, E-ISSN 2083-6481, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 115-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This is a statistic study on the perceived quality of safety training. The study is based on respondents from the Swedish register of seafarers. The results show that the experience of safety training is generally positive among the seafarers. The level of positivity is influenced by personal circumstances (such as onboard position and age) and by external factors in the work environment (such as ship type, trade area and flag state). However, the effect of onboard position diminishes when age and external factors are controlled for. In this situation, only the positive effects for cabin crew and age remain with strength and significance. Most ship types show strong positive effect, except for road ferries and vessels for max 12 passengers. When it comes to trade area it is only sheltered trade that shows a significant positive effect. Moreover, a homeland flag in the stern leads to a significant increase in the perceived quality of the safety training. These findings are discussed in the concluding part of the paper.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Österman, Cecilia
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Rock the boat: How to contribute to a good organizational and social work environment and prevent bullying and harassment2023Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The occurrence of workplace bullying and harassment in variousforms is unfortunately nothing new, and this naturally applies to seafarers as well. Despite this, #metoo became an eye-opener for many when it became clear how extensive these issues are on board and the severity of the cases that occur. Victims of bullying and harassment often suffer physically and mentally and may develop long-term health problems. Additionally, the social isolation on board can make it even more difficult for affected individuals to receive support from family and friends when such incidents occur.

    Even though the symptoms of workplace bullying and harassment are primarily visible in the individual, it’s important to remember that preventive efforts need to encompass the organizational and social work environment. Deficiencies and ambiguities in the organization, uncertainties about roles and responsibilities, managers lacking sufficient knowledge and resources, high workloads, and a workplace climate that tolerates a harsh tone and offensive banter are some well-known factors that need to be addressed.

    So, what should one do in practice? A system needs to be questioned to function and evolve, and therefore, we need to rock the boat. This means that we need to become better at challenging existing structures and work methods and learn to ask new questions. Both employees and managers need to become better at clearly demonstrating their disapproval when incidents of workplace bullying and harassment occur. Employees can do so by not passively stand by if something happens but instead speak up and offer support - we call it crew courage. Managers must lead the way in defining what is acceptable and actively investigate the work environment, identify risk factors, and take early action on warning signals.

    Here, we share what you can do to contribute to a good organizational and social work environment free from workplace bullying and harassment. These tips are based on a research project conducted at Kalmar Maritime Academy, Linnaeus University, during 2019-2021. The project was funded by AFA Försäkring. These examples have been gathered through a systematic literature review and in dialogue with many individuals with various backgrounds and experiences. All results and a more detailed description of the methodology can be found in the final report Praktiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för en jämställd sjöfart, by Cecilia Österman and Magnus Boström at Linnaeus University. This report and other publications are available at intejobbadumt.se.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Rock the boat
  • 12.
    Cederberg, Lennart
    et al.
    NoorCare AB, Sweden.
    Marmefelt, Eleonor
    NoorCare AB, Sweden.
    Snöberg, Jan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    The Arctic Tern: AI + Soft Values = Save Fuel2023In: 8th Hull Performance & Insight Conference: HullPIC’23 / [ed] Volker Bertram, 2023, p. 38-43Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper summaries three years of technical development and research in close collaboration with several major shipping companies. Besides the technical AI-based decision support systems, the project has focused on soft values, how the support systems become efficient support for real, both ashore and onboard. It is important to create knowledge among technical-, commercial- and operation departments within the organisations on how to implement new methods. Different types of vessels operate under vastly different commercial realities that impact the performance and energy effectiveness. Technical systems must be adapted to each actor's reality to achieve a change and drive more climate-friendly transportation. The Arctic Tern shows fuel savings of 2-14%.

    Download full text (pdf)
    The Artic Tern
  • 13.
    Marmefelt, Eleonor
    et al.
    NoorCare AB, Sweden.
    Cederberg, Lennart
    NoorCare AB, Sweden.
    Möller, Joakim
    Möller Data Workflow Systems AB, Sweden.
    Snöberg, Jan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Kokacka, Fredrik
    Sjöfartsverket, Sweden.
    TÄRNA: Smart ruttoptimering för korta och långa sjöresor2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Effektiv energianvändning och minskad miljöpåverkan från sjötransporter är encentral del av vårt gemensamma ansvar att främja en bättre framtid för vår planetoch kommande generationer.Tärna har under projekttiden testat, demonstrerat och utbildat och bidragit till attinföra nya arbetssätt med fokus på smart ruttoptimering inom delar av deninternationella sjöfarten. Slipstream, som är ett viktigt verktyg i denna process,har vidareutvecklats till ett än mer kraftfullt verktyg för energioptimering avfartygsrutter med hjälp av Tärna. Slipstream, baserat på maskininlärning,använder unika lösningar och kan bearbeta en mycket större mängd informationoch parametrar jämfört med traditionella verktyg som dominerar marknaden.Detta ger en helt ny möjlighet att ständigt hålla sig uppdaterad om det optimalaresultatet av fartygets drifts- och maskininställningar, med hänsyn till alla storaoch små förändringar under sjöresan. Detta är särskilt viktigt på kortare sjöresordär traditionella verktyg ofta är mindre användbara.Förutom den tekniska delen har en stor del av projektet inriktats på de mjukarevärdena, som utmanar de traditionella och starka kommersiella drivkrafterna inominternationell sjöfart, genom att främja en förståelse för hur de nyaprecisionsverktygen ska användas, gärna tillsammans med andra befintligasystem. Tärna har utbildat både fartygsbesättningar och landorganisationen i attbättre utnyttja data. Detta har inkluderat samarbete med erfaren personal med stortansvar och befogenhet. Tärna har även genomfört praktiska experiment i realtidför framtida sjöbefäl, för att de ska ha kunskap om ny teknik för energieffektivasjötransporter.Tärna visar vägen hur ett transparant och precist verktyg och resultatet av enoptimerad drift/maskininställning kan användas inom hela organisationen för attuppnå mer energieffektiva sjötransporter, såväl korta som långa sjöresor, medminskad miljöpåverkan. Tärnas metoder uppvisar resultat av bränslebesparingaroch minskad emission mellan 2-14%.

  • 14.
    Maleki, Neda
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).
    Xie, Xianwei
    Harbin Engineering University, China.
    Musaddiq, Arslan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).
    Olsson, Tobias
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).
    Mozart, David
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).
    Ahlgren, Fredrik
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).
    Unraveling Energy Consumption Patterns: Insights Through Data Analysis and Predictive Modeling2023In: 15th International Conference on Applied Energy: Dec. 3-7, 2023, Doha, Qatar, 2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most of the utility meters in Sweden are connected using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This opens new possibilities for understanding society’s energy consumption dynamics and making citizens aware of their power consumption usage. In this study, we investigate the patterns of electricity consumption using machine learning methods. We collected metered data from Kalmar Energi company, the electrical grid for Kalmar city in Sweden. In addition, we collected the Kalmar weather and electricity price data from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) and Nordpool, the European leading power market, respectively. We comprehensively analyze the electricity consumption data to assess the changes in overall electricity demand during the year 2021 in the city of Kalmar. This information can be of significant benefit to other regions seeking to improve their sustainability and energy consumption practices. For analysis and energy consumption prediction, we utilize two forecasting models, i.e., Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost. RF model results show a high level of accuracy with the achieved R-squared (R2) value of 0.91 compared to XGBoost value of 0.87.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Paper_ICAE_2023
  • 15.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Water.
    Age and sex ratios in the declining West Siberian/North European population of Long-tailed Duck wintering in the Baltic Sea: Implications for conservation2022In: Ornis Fennica, ISSN 0030-5685, Vol. 99, no 4, p. 117-131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The West Siberian/North European population of Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), which breeds in the Russian Arctic and northern Fennoscandia and winters in the Baltic Sea, has declined rapidly since the 1990s. To identify the causes of the decline and initiate effective conservation measures information on basic demographic parameters is needed. A photo survey method was used to estimate female age ratios and the proportion of males among adults in wintering Long-tailed Ducks at coastal and off-shore areas in the Baltic Sea. Female age ratios were defined as the number of first winter males, assumed equal to the number of first winter females, per adult female. Several thousand individuals were sampled each winter from 2008 to 2021. Female age ratios fluctuated between years and were consistently lower in the southern than in the central Baltic Sea. The proportion of males among wintering adults birds was male-biased, more so in the southern Baltic Sea than in other regions. A population model was used to analyse if low female age ratios between 2008 and 2021 has constrained population growth. Given that the estimated weighted mean female age ratio of 0.153 was representative at the population scale, an extremely high adult female mean annual survival rate of 0.872 would have been needed to maintain a stable population. Considering known sources of anthropogenic mortality in the Baltic Sea, and instead assuming a more realistic survival rate of ca. 0.80, a population decline of ca. 7.7% per year should have occurred during the study period.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 16.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Varvne, Hanna
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    von Knorring, Hannes
    DNVs, Sweden.
    An overview of sociotechnical research on maritime energy efficiency2022In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA), ISSN 1651-436X, E-ISSN 1654-1642, Vol. 21, p. 387-399Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A qualitative synthesis is presented covering the literature on operational energy efficiency in shipping based on research from a sociotechnical perspective. Three themes were identified, using thematic analysis, as particularly significant for the management of energy: (i) cooperation, communication, and knowledge sharing between stakeholders; (ii) organizational information processing (cognitive bottlenecks and sense making practices); and (iii) professional education and training. We conclude that while previous research has uncovered many of the barriers to increasing energy efficiency, few studies have examined the interdependence of practices and technologies underlying organizational cognitive systems and change. The identified research gap calls for more longitudinal process-based case studies investigating the design, implementation, and use of information technologies supporting organizational planning and decision-making required for improving energy efficiency.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 17.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    University of South‐Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Analysing the interactions and complexities of the operationsin the production area of an FPSO platform using the functionalresonance analysis method (FRAM)2022In: Arabian Journal of Geosciences, ISSN 1866-7511, E-ISSN 1866-7538, Vol. 15, article id 573Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The technological evolution of several productive sectors of society has demanded the same level of evolution for the oiland gas industry, both for energy production and their own systems’ functioning. The production of crude oil and naturalgas in offshore units is one of the answers to this demand. However, these offshore units have critical onboard activities andrisks, notably FPSO units; it is necessary to have adequate recognition of the elements that can support these activities andmanage these risks, enabling productive and safe operations. In this sense, this article aims to increase the understanding ofthe complex interactions and inherent safety issues that arise in the operations of FPSOs, observing and analysing the workdone onboard such platforms. The FRAM methodology has been chosen because it allows for the recognition and analysisof the complex interactions involving workers, equipment, system and offshore environment, focusing on the oil treatmentarea of the process plant. The results demonstrated some interesting findings regarding onboard safety and the relationshipbetween human competences, work demands and process safety.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Österman, Cecilia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Langer, Sarka
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Bedömning av arbetsmiljö och säkerhet vid val av fartygsbränslen2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The maritime industry is currently undergoing a transition to reduce harmful pollution from ships. This is largely achieved through three different strategies: conversion of the ship's engines to run on cleaner fuel; full or partial transition to alternative energy carriers, for example by electrification; or by installing an exhaust gas cleaning equipment, for example a scrubber system. These measures have reduced emissions of acidifying sulfur emissions to ambient air, but also of other air pollutants, such as particles, soot and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although the focus of the industry's energy conversion is to reduce the environmental impact, previous studies have indicated that the ship fuel can have an impact on the shipboard indoor air quality and working environment, and thus the health, safety, and wellbeing of seafarers.

    The purpose of this project has been to systematically and from a holistic perspective examine how different operating alternatives affect the shipboard indoor air quality (IAQ), and occupational health and safety. The assessment comprises the crew's personal exposure to hazardous air pollutants, the extent to which their tasks change, and how this impact can be described in terms of work environment economics. Investigations have been conducted on six different vessels. The vessels' IAQ has been investigated with stationary measurements of temperature, humidity (RF) and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as the content of the air pollutants sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The crew's personal exposure was examined for NO2, TVOC and PAH. Sampling was done with passive diffusion samplers carried in the breathing zone by a total of 50 people on five of the vessels. A questionnaire with questions about perceived air quality at the workplace and in the cabin has been answered by 94 people. The results have been compared to relevant statutory occupational exposure limit values, health-based guidelines, and to results from previous measurement campaigns.

    The results show that all concentrations from stationary and personal exposure measurements were well below the Swedish Work Environment Authority's occupational exposure limits. Most concentrations were also lower than the health-based guidelines used6for comparison. Engine spaces were often more contaminated than other spaces on board, especially regarding substances evaporated from fuels and lubricants, or substances from engine exhaust. An increased exposure was observed for engine ratings, especially when performing with work tasks related to the vessels' fuel systems. Otherwise, no difference was seen in personal exposure between officers and ratings. The results from the questionnaire survey show that the IAQ on board was generally perceived as good, both for workplaces and in their own cabins. The health-related cumulative risk index could not distinguish the primary fuel type. The assessment of the health aspect of the ships' indoor environment becomes unclear, mainly due to the use of secondary fuels during measurements. For vessels with the same or similar function, battery operation, low-sulfur fuel and LNG were better alternatives than HFO and MDO. A very clear improvement in the indoor environment and crew exposure, based on the health-related index, could be demonstrated for those vessels that had changed fuel to a cleaner alternative. All operating alternatives have properties and risks that require special consideration when designing systems, routines for operation and maintenance, education and training, and emergency routines. Risk assessments therefore need to include both risks of serious injury, ill health, and that work tasks can be performed satisfactorily. All liquid fuels are considered toxic except natural gas. Methanol is acutely toxic, both when ingested and exposed to the skin. However, it is not carcinogenic. As all vessels in the survey still have systems for running on petroleum-based fuels, few work tasks have disappeared completely and none of the operating alternatives entails reduced direct costs for personnel. On the other hand, differences are seen in how often different work tasks need to be performed, and under what conditions. With cleaner fuels comes a reduced need for cleaning of components and of the engine rooms. This in turn means a reduced exposure to hazardous substances and that working hours can be spent on other tasks that are perceived as more value-creating.

    Since many jobs on board involve a simultaneous exposure to several known risk factors, a holistic approach is required that includes preventive measures and long-term health-promoting work. It is not enough to target only the worst exposures. In sum, the results of this project show that there is no one best way that suits all vessels, regardless of type, cargo, or trade. Compared to conventional propulsion systems, there will be higher costs incurred, regardless of which alternative is selected. The maritime industry’s energy transition is likely to need financial incentives and harmonized regulations to accelerate the development of solutions that are sustainable from a life cycle perspective, and at the same time commercially viable. For a sustainable and attractive working life in the maritime industry, the solutions of tomorrow must also ensure that ship operation and maintenance can be performed in a safe and satisfactory manner with minimum risk of ill-health and accidents.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Bedömning av arbetsmiljö och säkerhet vid val av fartygsbränslen
  • 19.
    Boström, Magnus
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Österman, Cecilia
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Creating Clarity and Crew Courage: Preventive and Promotive Measures for a Maritime Industry Without Bullying and Harassment2022In: Occupational Health Science, ISSN 2367-0134, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 605-629Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seafaring shares many characteristics with contemporary working life ashore. However, a major difference is that seafarers can spend up to 12 months aboard a ship that constitutes a work, living and recreational environment. Onboard work includes many stressors that can potentially contribute to workplace bullying and harassment, which in turn can affect safety critical operations. The aim of this study was to identify underlying causes in the organizational and social work environment that can cause workplace bullying and harassment at sea, and to suggest appropriate preventive and promotive strategies and measures. Data were collected mainly through World Cafe workshops with 56 participants from the Swedish maritime industry. Seafarer occupational health, safety, and wellbeing is largely determined by interdependent factors at micro, meso, and macro levels, where different stakeholders play various roles. Strategies and measures starting at the individual seafarer, and gradually expanding outwards toward the maritime industry are suggested. It is important that a victim of bullying or harassment receives adequate support. Creating crew courage enables employees to both recognize troubling situations and know how to act and respond to a situation. To bridge the gap between policy and practice, the legislative framework needs translating into practical procedures to make sense to the middle manager at the sharp end, with limited knowledge, time, resources, and decision latitude. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of work environment interventions - what works, for whom, and under which circumstances.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Österman, Cecilia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Boström, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Drivkrafter för kompetensförsörjning i en socialt hållbar sjöfart2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This project has identified incentives for the supply of skills in a socially sustainable maritime industry and investigated how these can be put into practice. The overall aim has been to recommend measures that can increase the interest in maritime education among a wider target group and create good conditions for a sustainable working life in shipping.

    The project's research activities comprise six parts: a systematic literature review; a follow-up of high school students at Sjömansskolan in Stockholm; questionnaire survey aimed at former students at Sjömansskolan in Stockholm that graduated between 2010 and 2020; research interviews with high school students; register study of student applications for master mariner and marine engineering students during the years 2008–2018; as well as research interviews with marine engineering students. The results have been compiled, analysed, discussed, synthesised, and developed into recommendations.

    Overall, the study shows a high degree of coherence in terms of motives for applying for and completing a maritime education. Largely, it concerns an interest in shipping or boating, or seeking a practical occupation. For others, the decision is more random. It has not been possible to identify any major differences between women's and men's motives. On the other hand, women complete their educations and graduate to a greater extent than men.Pivotal for seafarers’ decision to stay at sea is having an employment with reason-able conditions of employment and a suitable replacement system. Furthermore, it is important with varying work tasks, professional development, and a sense of professional pride. Experiences of good companionship and togetherness are important driving forces. In opposition, social exclusion, harassment, and a poor working environment can affect the decision to leave the maritime industry. Women are at increased risk of being exposed to discrimination and unwelcome behaviour. Despite this, it is noted that women choose to stay at sea to a greater extent than their male colleagues.

    A sustainable skills supply in the maritime industry requires a holistic perspective that includes ways to attract and recruit new staff to the industry, but also efforts to retain already employed personnel and make them grow. Satisfied employees who are allowed to grow in their professional role, are likely to act as excellent ambassadors and thereby contribute to the continued recruitment of seafarers.The visibility of the maritime industry needs to be increased, especially among current minority groups. An increased understanding of the importance of shipping and the scope of possible occupational categories creates favourable conditions for family and friends to act supportively towards those who apply for a maritime education. It needs to become better known that a door to a maritime education can open many other doors.

    A functioning and welcoming onboarding and introduction for new employees and cadets is of crucial importance. Here, the supervision on board is central. The ability to look after the individual's needs and an understanding that everyone is different increases the chances of a well-functioning supervision. It also requires clarity about responsibilities and that supervisors are given time and recognition for the assignment.After finishing school, employment with reasonable employment conditions is a prerequisite for entering working life. Later in working life, adjustments may need to be made for a continued career. There is no one-size-fits-all solution for all seafarers throughout their working lives. Employers and the industry need to meet employees in their various phases during an entire working life, to make them grow.In many areas, shipping is a tightly regulated industry, including requirements for minimum manning and working hours. This requires a choice of path. To retain valuable competence, employers need to explore new avenues to increase the attractiveness of work that motivates people to stay in the organization and preferably give a little extra. Efforts to retain loyal employees with high competence should thus be seen as an investment, rather than a cost.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 21.
    Poulsen, René Taudal
    et al.
    Copenhagen Business School, Denmark.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Varvne, Hanna
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rasmussen, Hanna Barbara
    University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    von Knorring, Hannes
    DNV, Sweden.
    Energy efficiency in ship operations: Exploring voyage decisions and decision-makers2022In: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, ISSN 1361-9209, E-ISSN 1879-2340, Vol. 102, article id 103120Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To mitigate climate change due to international shipping, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires shipowners and ship technical managers to improve the energy efficiency of ships’ operations. This paper studies how voyage planning and execution decisions affect energy efficiency and distinguishes between the commercial and nautical components of energy efficiency. Commercial decisions for voyage planning depend on dynamic market conditions and matter more for energy efficiency than nautical decisions do for voyage execution. The paper identifies the people involved in decision-making processes and advances the energy-efficiency literature by revealing the highly networked nature of agency for energy efficiency. The IMO’s current energy efficiency regulations fail to distinguish between the commercial and nautical aspects of energy efficiency, which limits the ability to mitigate climate change through regulatory measures. Policymakers should expand their regulatory focus beyond shipowners and technical managers to cargo owners to improve energy efficiency and reduce maritime transport emissions.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Sellberg, Charlotte
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wahl, Aud Marit
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Moving Control from Ship to Shore: Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Autonomous Shipping2022In: Future of Information and Communication Conference, FICC 2022: Advances in Information and Communication / [ed] Arai, K., Springer, 2022, Vol. 439, p. 123-134Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper discusses the ongoing process of digitalization and automation in society referred to as the fourth industrial evolution. The ongoing technological transformation of industries have led to a decentralization of control, and as a result, fragmentation of work when tasks are distributed among several human and artificial actors in diverse locales and organizations. The aim is to use an “industry of the future”, in this case autonomous shipping, as an illustrative case to explore the ways cooperation changes when work is distributed between humans in a network of control rooms and autonomous vehicles. Taking the departure in an ongoing project of autonomous shipping in Norway as well as in classical CSCW studies on centers of coordination, we discuss how the decentralization of control rooms transforms the social and material conditions for cooperation, but also challenges for establishing cooperation between humans and autonomous vehicles. As a result, we propose that control room of the future will share characteristics with control rooms of the past, i.e., taking the form of hybrid spaces where both traditional practices and high-end technologies are at work. Although it is difficult to pinpoint how the relationship between human operators and autonomous vessels will manifest itself in future work practices, we find it likely to assume that the interaction with automation will give rise to novel forms of articulation work where new standards and norms of accountability and trust are negotiated and re-produced. Future studies need to analyse, in interactional detail, the ways in which humans interact with artificial agency to co-construct an understanding of the evolving situation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

  • 23.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Österman, Cecilia
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Borell, Jonas
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Landberg, Josefine
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Per
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Aryana, Biyan
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Personlig skyddsutrustning: Varför den används eller inte används2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Inom många yrken finns risker som ska hanteras genom användning av personlig skyddsutrustning (PSU), som hjälm, skyddsglasögon, hörselskydd, andningsmask, handskar, säkerhetsselar, arbetsskor och arbetskläder. Men det händer frekvent att skyddsutrustning inte används eller att den används felaktigt, vilket medför risk för olika typ av personskador.

    Detta forskningsprojekt har studerat varför personlig skyddsutrustning används, inte används eller används felaktigt i tre mansdominerade branscher med välkända arbetsmiljörisker och frekventa olyckor; bygg, sjöfart och sotarbranschen. Genom platsbesök, intervjuer och web-enkäter har data samlats in om aktuella förhållanden i Sverige. Attityder samt hur användningen av skydd ser ut idag har relaterats till vetenskaplig litteratur samt analyserats med hjälp av teorier om arbetssäkerhet, human factors och MTO-samspel.

    Bland orsaker till icke-användning återfinns skäl som dålig passform och komfortproblem, att utrustningen försvårar utförandet av vissa arbetsuppgifter, att utrustning särskilt i kombinationer upplevs obekväma och belastande samt att kultur och attityder inom organisationer påverkar. Förslag till strategier och rekommendationer för ökad korrekt användning har tagits fram för de tre branscherna.Tillverkare rekommenderas att i högre grad beakta hur utrustningen fungerar i faktisk arbetskontext, i synnerhet ihop med andra skydd samtidigt och i olika arbetssituationer. Arbetsgivare ska inte bara se till att adekvat utrustning finns tillgänglig, utanrekommenderas även att arbeta med förväntningar och krav kring användning. Tillräcklig tid för personal att prova ut, att ta på och av utrustningen vid arbete samt underhålla den behövs också. Arbetstagare bör ställa krav på god passform, hög komfort och bra funktion.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Boom, Michiel P.
    et al.
    Vogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography (NIOO‐KNAW), Netherlands.
    Jeugd, Henk P.
    Vogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography (NIOO‐KNAW), Netherlands.
    Steffani, Boas
    Vogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography (NIOO‐KNAW), Netherlands.
    Nolet, Bart A.
    Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW), Netherlands;University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Eichhorn, Götz
    Vogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography (NIOO‐KNAW), Netherlands.
    Postnatal growth rate varies with latitude in range‐expanding geese: The role of plasticity and day length2022In: Journal of Animal Ecology, ISSN 0021-8790, E-ISSN 1365-2656, Vol. 91, no 2, p. 417-427Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    1. The postnatal growth period is a crucial life stage, with potential lifelong effects on an animal's fitness. How fast animals grow depends on their life-history strategy and rearing environment, and interspecific comparisons generally show higher growth rates at higher latitudes. However, to elucidate the mechanisms behind this gradient in growth rate, intraspecific comparisons are needed. 

    2. Recently, barnacle geese expanded their Arctic breeding range from the Russian Barents Sea coast southwards, and now also breed along the Baltic and North Sea coasts. Baltic breeders shortened their migration, while barnacle geese breeding along the North Sea stopped migrating entirely.

    3. We collected cross-sectional data on gosling tarsus length, head length and body mass, and constructed population-specific growth curves to compare growth rates among three populations (Barents Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea) spanning 17° in latitude.

    4. Growth rate was faster at higher latitudes, and the gradient resembled the latitudinal gradient previously observed in an interspecific comparison of precocial species. Differences in day length among the three breeding regions could largely explain the observed differences in growth rate. In the Baltic, and especially in the Arctic population, growth rate was slower later in the season, most likely because of the stronger seasonal decline in food quality.

    5. Our results suggest that differences in postnatal growth rate between the Arctic and temperate populations are mainly a plastic response to local environmental conditions. This plasticity can increase the individuals' ability to cope with annual variation in local conditions, but can also increase the potential to re-distribute and adapt to new breeding environments.

  • 25.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Petrobras, Brazil.
    Valle, Ivan Luiz Cola
    Petrobras, Brazil.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Reanalysing Deepwater Horizon Accident with FRAM?: Enhancing Learning and Understanding Complexities to Improve Safety2022In: Proceedings of the Rio Oil & Gas Expo and Conference: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 2022, Brazilian Petroleuma and Gas Institute - IBP , 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents a reanalysis of Deepwater Horizon platform accident, occurred in April 2010, in offshore Macondo field, based on books, scientific articles and official reports prepared by the companies involved in the accident. The purpose of this reanalysis is to seek elements, factors, connections, inferences, and propositions that are new or different from those already found using analysis tools and methodologies that were built for simple or linear systems. In order to have a coherent analysis between the accident and the complex sociotechnical systems involved, the FRAM methodology (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) was chosen, as it coherently and comprehensively manages to analyse from simple to more complex systems. And in fact, with this reanalysis using the FRAM, it was possible to perceive the influence of organizational elements, such as culture, in the entire accidental chain of the event. In addition, contractual pressures related to business, fear of hierarchical consequences and failures in decision making, at all levels, were also evidenced. The findings of this study highlighted the need of a differentiated approach for accidents involving high-tech industries, such as O&G. In this sense, the human factors approach applied by FRAM, provides a coherent and evolved analysis of work, ultimately fostering productivity integrated with safety.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Reanalyzing the FPSO CSM Accident (2015) With a Human Factors Approach to Understand the Contribution of Organizational Elements and Complexities2022In: Reanalyzing the FPSO CSM Accident(2015) With a Human Factors Approachto Understand the Contribution ofOrganizational Elements andComplexities / [ed] AHFE International, AHFE , 2022, Vol. 64, p. 57-62Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presents a reanalysis of FPSO (Floating Production Storage & Offloading) CSM (Cidade de São Mateus) accident, occurred in February 2015, in the post-salt of the Camarupim fields, in the Espírito Santo offshore area, using the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) methodology, and based on technical-scientific materials such as books, articles and reports prepared by the companies involved in the accident and the Brazilian regulatory agency ANP (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis). The purpose of this reanalysis is to seek elements, factors, characteristics and interactions that could not be well analyzed or evidenced using traditional risk assessment and accident investigation techniques, primally designed to analyze simple and linear systems. In order to have a coherent analysis between the accident and the complex sociotechnical systems involved, the FRAM methodology was chosen, as it comprehensively manages to analyze from simple to more complex systems. And in fact, with this reanalysis using the FRAM, it was possibleto perceive the influence of organizational elements, such as culture, in the entire accidental chain of the event. In addition, contractual pressures related to business, fear of hierarchical consequences and failures in decision making, at all levels, were also evidenced. The findings of this study highlighted the need of a broader approach for accidents involving high-tech industries, such as O&G and aerospace. In this sense, the FRAM enabled a more comprehensive and coherent analysis of the complexities of offshore oil production systems, notably in emergency situations, as was this accident. Comparisons between the traditional analysis methodologies, with the results obtained with the application of the FRAM, showed that there are elements contributing to the accidents that need to be considered, but that techniques limited to linear and simple systems still cannot cover this recognition. It was noticed that the greater the complexity of work systems, the greater the interaction and variability between personnel, equipment and systems, requiring, both for normal operation and for emergencies, analysis techniques and methodologies capable of recognizing the real complexities that take place in these socio-technical systems, especially aboard offshore oil platforms at sea.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Sellberg, Charlott
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The Lived Body and Embodied Instructional Practices in Maritime Basic Safety Training2022In: Vocations and Learning, ISSN 1874-785X, E-ISSN 1874-7868, Vol. 15, p. 87-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper explores the role of the lived body in maritime professional training. By focusing on how instructors include students’ subjective experiencing bodies as an educational resource and context for directives and demonstrations, the study aims at informing training of professionals for survival in emergency situations onboard ships. Drawing on a mobile video ethnography and on phenomenological analyses of the presence/absence of the body in experience, the study illustrates how instruc- tors direct students’ attention towards or away from their appearing corporal field depending on the stage of the training. The article documents three instructional practices incorporating students’ lived embodiment during training: coping with distress by foregrounding the lived body, backgrounding the lived body for outer- directed action and imagining others’embodied experiences. The study contributes to our understanding of intercorporeal practices in instructional interaction and guidance in simulation-based vocational training.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Franca, Josue
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    The Neuroscience Behind Perception and Risk Management in Complex Sociotechnical Workplaces2022In: Human Interaction & Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2022): Artificial Intelligence & Future Applications / [ed] Tareq Ahram, Redha Taiar, Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics , 2022, Vol. 68, p. 411-418Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    From the first Neanderthals and Sapiens civilizations to the current world powers, human evolution was driven by its own will to develop, grow, discover, innovate and consolidate. Walking through the history of Humanity is witnessing an entire social, cultural and political evolution, understanding how the Society can shape the individual, and how the individual constitutes the Society. At the center of this evolution is the brain, as the architect, engineer and executor of all this process. The perception, an integral part of this process, in addition to forming a mental projection of the environment, recognizes opportunities and risks, generating an individual and social memory regarding the dangers of everyday life. When this perception is faced with the First Industrial Revolution, the safety at work will be associated with industrial equipment, organizational culture, workplaces, as well as the natural and evolved perception of risk of each individual – a software present in the hardware of the brain’s structures since the first civilizations. Following this evolution, work systems also evolved from simple linear production lines to complex sociotechnical workplaces, involving people, equipment, processes and organizational culture. The methodologies and tools designed to understand these risks, however, do not evolve at the same speed, persisting a misconception that current workplaces can be analyzed, in relation to risk, like a linear production line. In this aspect, integrating the concepts of neurosciences with the Human Factors approach, which is integrative and multidisciplinary, brings a systemic understanding of work environments, understanding and demonstrating the real complexity present.

  • 29.
    Strandberg, Bo
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden;University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Österman, Cecilia
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Koca Akdeva, Hatice
    Gothenburg University, Sweden.
    Moldanová, Jana
    Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Langer, Sarka
    Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    The Use of Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Passive Air Samplers in Exposure Studies to PAHs in Swedish Seafarers2022In: Polycyclic aromatic compounds (Print), ISSN 1040-6638, E-ISSN 1563-5333, Vol. 42, no 2, p. 448-459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air samplers as stationary, and, for the first time, as personal samplers for one week’s sampling period of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in occupational air. Routine monitoring of workplace exposure is commonly performed with active sampling. However, active samplers can sometimes be unsuitable; e.g., it is difficult to make time-integrated measurements, longer than one day, and they can be noisy and obstructive. Indoor air quality on ships is an important aspect of the environment which has not been studied extensively on ships. For seafarers, good indoor air quality becomes particularly important as the ship represents both a working and living environment. In this study, measurements were carried out on two occasions on two different ships, at different workplaces, and for various personnel categories. On each ship, measurements were performed before and after a change of the type of fuel that the ships were operating on. We found a considerable wide range of PAHs exposure levels for the various workplaces and personnel categories on the ships. The stationary measurements, sum 32 PAHs, ranged from 33-39,000 ng m−3 and the personal exposure measurements ranged from 61-8,400 ng m−3. The results point to that the content of PAHs in the fuel can affect the indoor air environment on the entire ship. Further, the results demonstrate that the PUF sampler can serve as a simple and usable screening tool for estimating and tracking point sources of PAHs in micro-environments. Moreover, this study contributes to increased knowledge of exposure to and sources of PAHs for seafarers.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 30.
    Hedqvist, Ann-Therese
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Sustainable Health.
    Vulnerable patients in a complex system depend on interprofessional team adaptation at hospital discharge2022In: International Society For Quality In Health Care (ISQua) 38th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 17-20, 2022, 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The highly differentiated and specialized healthcare systems are not optimally designed to provide patients with chronic conditions in need of treatment from multi-professional teams with a smooth and seamless care trajectory. Care transitions, especially hospital discharge, tend to be critical for patients' safety and health outcomes. Interprofessional team collaboration across care providers is crucial for efficient and safe care transitions, depending on dynamic and adaptive teams in the unavoidable uncertainty characterizing today's healthcare systems. 

    This study explores adaptation and maladaptations in horizontal team collaboration in care transitions of vulnerable patients with complex care needs at discharge from hospital to their private homes.

    Methods: The study was conducted in a southern region in Sweden using an ethnographic methodology with participatory observations, document review and interviews. A total of 77 professionals from hospital and primary care participated. A purposive sampling strategy was utilized to capture the interprofessional team collaboration across organizations in the patient's care transition from hospital to home. The comprehensive data was then applied to two patient cases and analysed with the Functional Resonance Analysis Method.

    Results: Successful team adaptations as well as maladaptations are revealed as homecare team and patients attempt to manage the uncontrolled conditions in the home after discharge. Maladaptations occur as the organizational capacity is insufficient to meet the needs of the patients in their home environment. The demands challenge the resources of the patient, his or her family, and the homecare team must anticipate and adapt to the unexpected to maintain patient safety. Whether the team adaptations of preparing discharge were successful or not will be revealed through adaptive outcomes or adverse events. 

    Information sharing emerges as a central prerequisite for successful team collaboration in care transitions. Flawed or insufficient access to information affected the team performance by hindering anticipating and planning for the care at home. In exacerbations of the chronic illness, information access and communication are needed to obtain a holistic view and respond to the altered care needs. For the team to adapt to the new demands, each team member require a clear understanding of their own as well as other team member’s roles and responsibilities. Ambiguity or imprecision could lead to uncertainty of who does what and where lines are drawn between organizations. 

    By interprofessional collaboration during the discharge planning, a shared understanding of treatment and care needed at home is distributed to the team as a collective cognitive mind. Through a shared mental model, the team may anticipate and prepare for the patient's arrival home. When the team collaboration failed or communication was insufficient, gaps appeared, which pressed the need for further adaptations. Successful adaptations could bridge the gaps, maintaining safe and secure care for the patient, while maladaptations posed a risk of patient harm or re-hospitalisation.

    Conclusion: To maintain patient safety in transitional care from hospital to home, adaptations to the variability of the system are not to be stifled. Instead, the system needs to allow for flexibility, promoting availability of all resources needed since these are hard to predict. Responding to unexpected events and variations requires allocated resources in the first few days of homecoming, allowing for flexibility and thus increasing patient safety.

  • 31.
    Österman, Cecilia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Boström, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Workplace bullying and harassment at sea: A structured literature review2022In: Marine Policy, ISSN 0308-597X, E-ISSN 1872-9460, Vol. 136, article id 104910Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seafaring is a masculine-coded occupation with a strong professional culture that values practical experience. Traditionally, youths were accepted on board ships to be guided, socialised, and often bullied into the working and living cultures at sea. The maritime industry is characterised by several factors known from research to constitute a hotbed for workplace bullying and harassment, such as sustained high workload, role conflicts, jargon, and precarious work. Women and minority groups are especially exposed to bulling and harassment in these kind of working environments. At policy level, these issues are addressed by the International Safety Management Code and the Maritime Labour Convention, which require employers to identify and prevent occupational safety and health risks. This study analyses the extent and scope of the peer reviewed literature on workplace bulling and harassment at sea, and what recommendations have been proposed in previous research. The results show that workplace bullying and harassment is a substantial problem in the maritime industry. While research in this field is growing, there is a general need for future research based on strong research designs. Given the complete lack of scientific intervention studies, this should be prioritised in future research. Further, there is a need to address underlying causes of workplace bullying and harassment and ensure decent employment and working conditions at sea. Managers ashore as well as officers on board must be provided with adequate resources, usable tools, and sufficient time for a proactive work. This work should be included as part of the safety management system.

  • 32.
    Ferreira, Pedro
    et al.
    University of Lisbon, Portugal.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Assessing the Impacts of Ship Automation Using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method2021In: Advancing Resilient Performance / [ed] Nemeth, C.P., Hollnagel, E., Springer, 2021Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The maritime industry is experiencing a steady evolution towards a concept of fully automated ship operation. The implementation and use of automated systems have been debated for many decades, and yet substantial issues remain regarding its achievements in terms of improved safety and efficiency (Wiener and Curry, 1980). The assessment of potential impacts (i.e. risk assessment) emerging from the introduction of automation remains a key challenge. The integration and streamlining of operations significantly increase complexity, and the transformations that are introduced tend to produce unforeseen side effects, often with serious safety consequences (Dekker et al., 2011). © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

  • 33.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    MacKinnon, Scott N.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Lundh, Monica
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Automation and the imbrication of human and material agency: A sociomaterial perspective2021In: International journal of human-computer studies, ISSN 1071-5819, E-ISSN 1095-9300, Vol. 145, p. 1-11, article id 102538Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Automation is projected to transform many industries and work domains and enable both increased levels of safety and efficiency by reallocating many of the functions traditionally performed by operators. However, research on the relation between automation and work practice is lagging and needs to be further explored in order to ground the debate and design of automated work on a sound empirical basis reflecting work in actual organizational settings. In particular, research is needed that offers rich naturalistic representations of human automation interaction that accounts for the mutual shaping of human and material agency over time. The ethnographic workplace study reported in this paper draws on the sociomaterial practice perspective and on the theory of imbrication to analyze a case in which an automatic speed regulation system was installed onboard five large passenger ferries in order to improve the energy efficiency of the execution of voyages. The results show how the adoption, appropriation and use of automated technologies is inextricable from the local patterns of social interaction and collaboration. The study contributes with a deeper understanding of the relation and entanglement of the social and technological elements in human automation interaction.

  • 34.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Larsson, Simon
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Configuring machine learning algorithms in the development and pre-implementation of AI-based solutions2021In: 37th EGOS Colloquium: Organizing for an inclusive society: Meanings, Motivations and Mechanisms, European group for organizational studies (EGOS) , 2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Researchers have recently started to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) and learning algorithms are impacting on work, organization and professional knowledge. Many analyses are focused on the deployment phase and practitioners’ reactions and challenges of integrating the new technologies into their existing practices. However, fewer studies have investigated the development and pre-implementation phase and how data analysts and computer engineers work to construct reliable systems and communicate their products to users and domain experts. This paper reports findings from an ongoing study on the development and implementation of AI in shipping. We illustrate the work done by technology providers in framing the system to intended user and how the relationship- and trust building of developers reduced users’ propensity of asking critical questions regarding the opacity of the system and its implications for organizational change and work. 

  • 35.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Hult, Carl
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Snöberg, Jan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Franca, Josue
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Design of a Tool to Explore the Relationship Between Non-technical Skills and Resilience Capabilities2021In: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Proceedings of the AHFE 2021 Virtual Conference on Human Aspects of Transportation, July 25-29, 2021, USA / [ed] Stanton N., Springer, 2021, p. 487-494Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Non-technical skills (NTS) training is an important part of frontline operator training across many high-risk domains. Within maritime education and training (MET), NTS are trained as part of Maritime Resource Management (MRM) courses. MRM represents the maritime adaptation of the original crew resource management training from the aviation domain. While the ambition of resource management training is to enhance team performance, research reports a strong focus on the assessment and measurement of NTS on an individual level, not always taking the team as unit of analysis into concern. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to a critical discussion of the relationship between NTS and teamperformance. It explores how to potentially analyze the relationship between NTS and experiences of operational resilience an presents an attempt to operationalize NTS and resilience cornerstones (REC) in a questionnaire for maritime trainees. While the questionnaire focuses on the maritime domain, the lessons learned from the construction of items may guide the development of further operationalization in other high-risk domains.

  • 36.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Stark, Karolina
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. bUniversity of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Snöberg, Jan
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Development of a Debriefing Tool for Performance Evaluation in Maritime Training Simulations2021In: Development of a Debriefing Tool for Performance Evaluation in Maritime Training Simulations, 2021, p. 1-7, article id REA-NDM-FONCSI 53Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents a proposal for a debriefing tool developed to support the development of bridge resource management skills of nautical science students. This debriefing tool consists of a set of questions that aim to trigger reflection about the bridge team’s performance during simulator exercises. The tool has been tested by students in conjunctions with the ship handling exercises. After this test, feedback from the students has been obtained through a focus group. The results show constrains that may jeopardize the utilization of a debriefing tool, but also encourages discussions regarding undesirable and desirable outcomes, gathering a channel for feedbacks. The study also indorsed this tool as a way of enhancing performance through the understanding, development and training of individual competences needed for a safe onboard work.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 37.
    Snöberg, Jan
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Wagle, Erle Kristin
    Kongsberg Digital.
    Sten, Mikael
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Every drop Counts!: How simulators can drive energy management and emission reductions through human engagement and involvement2021In: / [ed] Anne Voith, 2021Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 38.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Mallam, Steven C.
    University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Nazir, Salman
    University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    How to Train for Everyday Work - A Comparative Study of Non-technical Skill Training2021In: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) / [ed] Nancy L. Black;W. Patrick Neumann;Ian Noy, Springer, 2021, Vol. I: Systems and Macroergonomics, p. 534-542Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a comparative study of training of non-technical skills in the maritime and lignite power domains. Non-technical skills (NTS) are the cognitive, social and personal resource skills that complement technical skills in operations within high-risk domains. Training NTS is essential to maintain safety in operational contexts, such as onboard a merchant vessel or in the operation of a lignite power plant. Contextual interviews and observations have been conducted across 8 operator training courses, three maritime and five lignite power. The results indicate that the training approaches and their execution differs greatly despite having a common theoretical basis. While training in the observed maritime courses often combined longer theoretical lectures with group exercises and high-fidelity simulations, the focus of the training remained on the use of specific NTS techniques or tools to prevent accidents and incidents. In contrast to this approach, the training in the lignite power domain primarily focused on how to integrate selected NTS into daily operations. While the lignite training also utilized incident examples and shorter lectures, the focus remained on simulating everyday work tasks and to apply newly learned practices as part of routine operations and standard operational procedures. Further, trainees in the lignite training courses were empowered to take charge of their learning processes, as parts of the training let them recreate situations from their work within the simulator. This article highlights lessons learned from each domain with the goal of improving training practices for NTS in high-risk operations.

  • 39.
    Sellberg, Charlott
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Viktorelius, Martin
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Non-technical Skills Training in Crew Resource Management: Curating YouTube Videos for Educational Purposes2021In: Advances in Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences: Proceedings of the AHFE 2021 Virtual Conference on Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences, July 25-29, 2021, USA / [ed] Salman Nazir;Tareq Z. Ahram;Waldemar Karwowski, Springer, 2021, p. 93-100Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This pilot study serves as a starting point to explore the process of finding and evaluating YouTube videos for non-technical skills training for crew resource management courses. Five videos on situation awareness were identified using a combination of Boolean search strategies, relevance of the content and ratings from YouTube users. In the next step, the videos were evaluated, showing variations in education quality between videos. Moreover, preliminary finding show that user-generated comments and ratings might be of little use for guiding the search for high-quality content on YouTube. A closer analysis of the content shows how tensions between scientific concepts and practical illustrations of situation awareness is seen in the videos. This might create a dilemma for teachers in choosing between theoretically complete and authentic content. Research that further explores the ways discursive transformations of human factors concepts occur through everyday uses in popular media such as YouTube is suggested.

  • 40.
    Österman, Cecilia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Boström, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Ogilla läget: Tips på hur du kan bidra till en god organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö utan kränkande särbehandling2021Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Att kränkande särbehandling i olika former förekommer på jobbet är tyvärr inget nytt och självklart gäller det även till sjöss. Trots detta blev #metoo en ögonöppnare för många när det stod klart hur omfattande problemen med kränkande särbehandling är ombord och vilka grova fall som förekommer. Den som blir utsatt mår ofta fysiskt och psykiskt dåligt och kan utveckla långvariga hälsoproblem. Samtidigt kan den sociala isoleringen ombord göra det extra svårt för den utsatta att få stöd från familj och vänner när det inträffar.

    Även om symptomen av kränkande särbehandling främst syns hos den enskilde individen är det viktigt att komma ihåg att det förebyggande arbetet måste omfatta den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön. Brister och otydligheter i organisationen, oklarheter om vem som förväntas göra vad, chefer utan tillräckliga kunskaper och förutsättningar, hög arbetsbelastning och ett arbetsklimat som tillåter en rå jargong är några väl kända faktorer som behöver adresseras.

    Så hur ska en göra rent praktiskt då? Vi menar att vi behöver bli bättre på att ogilla läget. Ett system behöver ifrågasättas för att kunna fungera och utvecklas. Det innebär att vi behöver bli bättre på att utmana befintliga strukturer och invanda arbetssätt och lära oss att ställa nya frågor. Både medarbetare och chefer behöver bli bättre på att ogilla läget i situationer när kränkande särbehandling inträffar. Medarbetare kan ogilla läget genom att inte tyst se på om något inträffar, utan i stället säga ifrån och erbjuda stöd – vi kallar det båtkurage. Chefer visar vägen för vad som är acceptabelt och behöver bli bättre på att undersöka arbetsmiljön, fånga upp och agera på signaler om att allt inte står rätt till.

    Här berättar vi vad du kan göra för att bidra till en god organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö utan kränkande särbehandling. Tipsen är baserade på ett forskningsprojekt som genomfördes vid Sjöfartshögskolan, Linnéuniversitetet under 2019–2021. Projektet finansierades av AFA Försäkring. Dessa exempel har fångats upp genom en systematisk forskningsöversikt och i dialog med många personer med olika bakgrund och erfarenhet. Samtliga resultat och en mer detaljerad metodbeskrivning finns i slutrapporten Praktiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för en jämställd sjöfart, av Cecilia Österman och Magnus Boström vid Linnéuniversitetet.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Ogilla läget
  • 41.
    Boström, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Other-initiated repair as an indicator of critical communication in ship-to-ship interaction2021In: Journal of Pragmatics, ISSN 0378-2166, E-ISSN 1879-1387, Vol. 174, p. 78-92Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Communication is an essential part of most joint activities, and effective means to identify and rectify misunderstandings are necessary to reach mutual understandings. In the maritime domain, faulty communication is often a contributing cause to ship accidents, potentially putting human lives, vessels, and the environment at risk. This study explores the use of other-initiated repair in maritime ship-to-ship communication. The purpose is to classify and analyse other-initiated repair and describe the specific practices used to initiate repair and rectify mistakes. Based on an analysis of authentic communication between vessels involved in icebreaker operations, findings indicate that other-initiated repair occurs less frequently in this corpus compared to other corpora of naturally occurring conversations. A possible reason is that radio communication, which is highly structured, has other means to identify communicative errors. More than half of the repair initiations use open requests to identify a trouble turn, and the most common repair solution is a full or partial repeat. Furthermore, maritime radio communication has an inherent slowness due to technical limitations that do not permit simultaneous talk. It is argued this refrains speakers from using long or complex messages, as the listener has no way to indicate trouble until next turn.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 42.
    Österman, Cecilia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Boström, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Praktiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för en jämställd sjöfart2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The maritime industry is regulated, financed, operated, and provided with manpower supply on a global level. This creates challenges when implementing harmonized regulations for the work environment. The seafaring profession is strongly maledominated. This can cause problems in the organizational and social work environment, leading to workplace bullying and harassment.

    The purpose of this project has been to identify, evaluate and compile existing strategies and methods to reduce the risk of workplace bullying and harassment and strengthen the work for a good organizational and social work environment in an equal maritime industry. This has been done through a systematic literature review, workshops, and interviews with stakeholders in the Swedish maritime industry.

    The literature review clearly demonstrates that workplace bullying and harassment is a significant problem that needs to be addressed. More than 50 percent of women seafarers report that they have been victimized. The perpetrators are mostly found among the victims' managers and supervisors.

    Employees must be ensured of the social support of managers and colleagues, and problems in the work environment must be dealt with quickly and correctly. Creating crew courage, where bystanders interfere in a situation and stand up for the victim, is central. Managers need routines, mandate, but also resources to be able to act forcefully. The entire industry needs to take the leap from policy to practice in creating a diverse and inclusive maritime industry. The image of a seafarer and of required skills need to be revisited and revised, to reach a wider recruitment base. An increased proportion of seafarers from minority groups is likely to challenge and change prevailing gendered norms.

    The results from this project demonstrate that workplace bullying and harassment on board must not be ignored; this would probably exacerbate the scale of the problem. Instead, a broad and united front is required to create a modern and sustainable shipping where decisions about the work environment are based on knowledge.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Praktiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för en jämställd sjöfart
  • 43.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Petrobras, Brazil.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Process Safety Analysis Considering Human Factors in High Tech Industries2021In: 2021 AIChE Virtual Spring Meeting and 17th Global Congress on Process Safety proceedings, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2021, article id 108BConference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the first missions and until today, the aerospace industry has been making significant technological advances and developments, working in the edge of innovation and technology. Despite the considerable advances in this sector, the degree of complexity and the risks associated are inherent to the process. In this sense, the development of safety strategies, including human factors approach, is a way to promote process safety in the design of the projects, construction, operation, and maintenance, in land, air and space. Although NASA had implemented several safety barriers in their operations since its beginning, some major accidents occurred, notably Columbia (2003) and Challenger (1986). At the same time, workplaces in the oil and gas (O&G) industry have evolved to become part of the modern complex sociotechnical system that characterizes onshore and offshore facilities today. The intense interactions between workers, systems, equipment, and processes have made companies in this sector more productive, but significant and complex risks have also emerged. This industry has a history of several accidents, such as Piper Alpha (1988), Texas City Refinery (2005) and Deepwater Horizon (2010), causing heavy losses and global geopolitical changes. All these accidents, in aerospace and O&G industries, involved machines and system that are operating in the very limitof engineering, specially in the sharp end of the operations. Having both industries as background, this study presents a human factor approach to assess two relevant accidents, using the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) to perform this analysis.

  • 44.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Water.
    Reducing discharges from chemical tankers2021Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Several million tons of chemicals, in addition to crude oil and mineral oil products, are transported by tankers each year in the Baltic Sea. The transportation of chemicals by specialised chemical tankers or combined chemical/oil product tankers is growing worldwide, both in respect to the number of substances and the total volume transported. A diversity of chemicals are carried by chemical tankers in the Baltic Sea, including acids, bases, alcohols, ammonia, vegetable oils, biofuels, fuel additives and a large number of different hydrocarbons including benzene, styrene, xylenes, acetone, phenols etc.

    To reduce the legal and illegal discharges of noxious chemicals from chemical tankers, and the associated negative effects on the marine environment, the chemical industries in the Baltic region must take full responsibility for the transport of their chemical raw material and products. It is now also the time for authorities to strengthen the regulations regarding discharges of noxious chemicals from chemical tankers. A first step should be to make it mandatory to perform a prewash procedure at the port of unloading when the tanks have contained any of the Y-categorised chemicals. A total ban to discharge residues of noxious chemicals from chemical tankers in marine protected areas should be uncontroversial and could be adopted immediately by the countries around the Baltic Sea.

  • 45.
    Hult, Carl
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Sandberg, Carl
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Autonomi och Ansvar: Människans roll i framtidens sjöfart2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this project has been to explore future shipping centering around the human operators in the system. The ambition has been to offer a complementary perspective to ongoing technical developments and to put these into a social and organizational context. This report’s purpose has been to provide supportive information to administrations, the shipping industry and maritime vocational programs. Another goal has been to provide a clearer picture of the future, which hopefully will interest more young people for professions in the shipping industry.

    The role of human operators in future shipping has been explored based on two complementary perspectives, a sociological and a sociotechnical perspective. The main approach has been to collect, analyze and summarize attitudes, opinions and points of views of relevant actors. Data has been collected through focus groups with the advisory board, active seagoing officer and personnel in the maritime vocational education, as well as interviews with pilots and VTS-personnel. Further a survey was sent to all officers in the Swedish seafarer’s registry. In the beginning, two SWOT analyses (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) were conducted to provide a basis to the development of three different scenarios for future vessel concepts: vessel with less manning, convoy vessels, and vessel that is unmanned and supervised from shore for larger parts of the voyage. The vessel concepts were used in focus groups and semi-structured interviews to analyze the role of human operators, the organization of future traffic, resilience and potential competence demands in future shipping.

    The results show that the timeline for the implementation of different vessel concepts will certainly differ depending on the area of operation. The process will occur successively from well-protected test-areas towards routes in open waters. However, it is has been estimated that Swedish un-manned vessel operations in more established form will first be found in territorial coastal waters. The problem of operational responsibility is believed to become particularly difficult with unmanned vessels in international traffic.

    However, it has become clear that if the vessels become unmanned, the problem of operational responsibility becomes difficult to solve. Further, the results also show that the Swedish vocational training has the potential to quickly adapt to these changes. The results from the survey show that officers lack confidence and trust in the development towards unmanned traffic.Further, it might be hard to recruit older and more experienced officers to work ashore. However, nautical science and marine engineering student show a more positive attitude towards working in a shore-based center. The FRAM-analysis shows that the complexity of traffic organization and management is likely to increase with the introduction of unmanned vessels. It is anticipated that shore-based centers will not be able to substitute current services, such as pilotage or VTS. Thus, an increased need to communicate and coordinate across actors, such as pilots, VTS, port, may arise.

    The project’s results show that the complexity of change in the transport system is likely to require a systems approach to ensure that different perspectives and voices are acknowledge. It is not about developing the right technology, or services, but rather about understanding how various aspects, such as infrastructure, job motivation, competence demands, organization, and leadership will be affected by change.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 46.
    Boström, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Creating clarity and managing complexity through co-operation and communication: The case of Swedish icebreaker operations2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sea transportation is vital for the global economy, and the amount of seaborne trade is expected to increase in the future. In some areas, icebreakers are necessary for maintaining open shipping lanes all-year round and ensuring safe navigation. Vessels operating in ice are exposed to harsh environmental factors such as severe weather and heavy ice, and when external forces become too strong vessels will depend on icebreaker assistance. However, successful icebreaker operations require the icebreaker to operate in close vicinity to the assisted vessel to break the ice, which in turn increases the risk of collision.

    There are many factors which make icebreaker operations complex. The aim of this thesis is to use work organization, operational safety, and interpersonal communication as three lenses to describe and analyse the complexity of icebreaker operations, and its implications for practice. To thoroughly investigate this complexity, data are drawn from numerous sources; semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire, and a substantial amount of recorded authentic communication all provide complementary insights.

    The results show that the icebreaker performs a multitude of tasks directly concerned with icebreaking, e.g. directing and physically assisting other vessels, but that these tasks indirectly rely on interpersonal interaction and communication. A number of conflicting constraints add to the complexity. For example, harsh winter conditions impede vessels’ independent navigation in ice, while offering icebreaker crews opportunities to practice and maintain important skills. Furthermore, it was shown that language skills and communication play an important role in upholding the operational safety. However, closed-loop communication is not always used as intended, a deviation from intended communication protocol with potential to increase the risk of misunderstandings.

    This thesis suggests that safety and efficiency of winter navigation can be enhanced by making better use of existing technology and data; by examining the past track of other vessels, e.g. via AIS, finding suitable ice tracks will be made easier. Another implication concerning communication is that training institutes should emphasize the logic behind standardized communication protocols rather than focusing on standard phrases, i.e. facilitating means for advanced English speakers to adapt their communication style. That way, novice and advanced speakers could find common ground.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Doctoral Dissertation (Comprehensive Summary)
    Download (jpg)
    Front Page
  • 47.
    Sharma, Amit
    et al.
    University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Kim, Tae-eun
    University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Nazir, Salman
    University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Exploring Critical Success Factors for Safety Management of Tanker Vessels2020In: Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Leadership: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and Human Factors in Management and Leadership, July 16-20, 2020, USA / [ed] Kantola J., Nazir S., Salminen V., Cham: Springer, 2020, p. 613-619Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Managing modern merchant vessels is quite challenging task for shipboard personnel, as well as for shore-based managers in shipping companies. The risks are more so accentuated in terms of vessels that carry dangerous and volatile cargoes, such as tanker vessels. Modern industrial disasters have demonstrated that organizations have a considerable role to play in terms of ensuring adequate safety climate in day-to-day operations at the sharp end. This study explores Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that are necessary for tanker vessel managers to ensure that the ships operate as safe as possible. A literature review focused on the shipping industry and tanker vessels in specific, revealed CSFs such as – human factors, technical factors, environmental factors, organizational factors, regulatory factors, and economic factors, as well several sub factors. The results can provide a basis for further systematic analyses of the CSFs and how they are perceived by the shipping managers in their order of relative importance.

  • 48.
    Patriarca, Riccardo
    et al.
    Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
    Di Gravio, G
    Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
    Woltjer, Rogier
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Costantino, F
    Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy. University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Ferreira, Pedro
    University of Lisbon, Portugal.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    Jönköping university, Sweden;Macquarie University, Australia.
    Framing the FRAM: A literature review on the functional resonance analysis method2020In: Safety Science, ISSN 0925-7535, E-ISSN 1879-1042, Vol. 129, p. 1-23, article id 104827Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has been motivated by the perceived limitations of fundamentally deterministic and probabilistic approaches to understand complex systems’ behaviour. Congruent with the principles of Resilience Engineering, over recent years the FRAM has been progressively developed in scientific terms, and increasingly adopted in industrial environments with reportedly successful results. Nevertheless, a wide literature review focused on the method is currently lacking. On these premises, this paper aims to summarise all available published research in English about FRAM. More than 1700 documents from multiple scientific repositories were reviewed through a protocol based on the PRISMA review technique. The paper aims to uncover a number of characteristics of the FRAM research, both in terms of the method’s application and of the authors contributing to its development. The systematic analysis explores the method in terms of its methodological aspects, application domains, and enhancements in qualitative and quantitative terms, as well as proposing potential future research directions.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 49.
    Österman, Cecilia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Sandberg, Carl
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Praetorius, Gesa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Hult, Carl
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Ge ombordanställda rättmätig status2020In: Sjöfartstidningen, ISSN 2000-933XArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Debatt: Pandemin har lett till svåra arbetsförhållanden för sjöfolk. De hålls isolerade ombord, vilket ökar ohälsan och har lett till konflikter och våld. Det rapporteras om tio självmord bland sjömän som varit fast på fartyg. Fyra arbetslivs- och arbetsmiljöforskare på Linnéuniversitetet kräver i en debattartikel att ombordanställda ges rättmätig status som samhällsviktiga arbetare.

  • 50.
    Franca, Josue
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Kalmar Maritime Academy.
    Hollnagel, Erik
    University of Jönköping, Sweden.
    Human Factors approach to Process Safety in the Offshore area using FRAM2020In: 2020 AIChE Virtual Spring Meeting & 16th Global GCPS - Global Congress on Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2020, article id 136bConference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The offshore exploration, drilling, and production, in O&G industry, are one of the most necessaryactivities of human Society. However, since its beginning in North America, the process variables- such as temperature, pressure and depth - have increased their operational parametersconsiderably, leaving the 21 meters deep, on land in 1859, extremely remote from the 6.500 metersin offshore area of Brazil Pre-Salt. To drill a subsea well and raise the crude oil to a platform, byitself, presents a series of risks that compromise the Process Safety of the entire plant. Avoiding aloss of containment, in addition to being inherent to safety itself, is also in the interest of theenvironment, production control and workers' health. In this sense, understand the safety barriers,as well as comprehend the Human Factors involved in Process Safety, not only brings operationalreliability to the plant, but also meets the requirements of the legislation and increases productivity.In this research, a FRAM was developed to analyze a loss of containment of an FPSO storage tank,showing the importance of a systemic understanding of Human Factors in Process Safety, actingas an effective barrier to the security of the entire process.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
1234 1 - 50 of 165
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf