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  • 1.
    Abrahamsson, Stephanie
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Hermansson, Matilda
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Vilka faktorer upplevs som begränsande för unga kvinnors sexualitet utifrån ett genuspsykologiskt perspektiv?: En studie med tio intervjuer av kvinnor i åldrarna 25-30 år2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om och i sådana fall vilka faktorer som unga heterosexuella kvinnor upplevde som begränsande för sin sexualitet. Med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöktes i denna kvalitativa studie hur dessa deltagare upplevde sin sexualitet utifrån tre huvudområden; sociala strukturer, normer samt psykisk hälsa. Teorin “sexual scripting theory” applicerades på de tre huvudområdena, då paralleller drogs mellan dessa och teorins tre huvudbegrepp “cultural scripts”, “interpersonal scripts” och “intrapsychic scripts”. Resultatet av denna studie visade att patriarkala strukturer, samhällsideal, jämförelser med andra, förväntningar och föreställningar om kvinnans utseende samt beteende var hämmande för deltagarnas sexualitet. Resultatet visade även att det fanns tydliga samband mellan sexualiteten och den psykiska hälsan. Negativa sexuella erfarenheter upplevdes påverka deltagarnas psykiska hälsa och blev hämmande för framtida sexuella upplevelser. Många begränsande faktorer identifierades utifrån resultatet i denna studie och en inblick i deltagarnas förhållande till sin sexualitet utforskades. 

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  • 2.
    Agerström, Jens
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gunnarsson, Helena E. M.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Stening, Kent
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Does physical pain impair abstract thinking?2017In: Journal of Cognitive Psychology, ISSN 2044-5911, E-ISSN 2044-592X, Vol. 29, no 6, p. 748-754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ability to think abstractly constitutes a fundamental dimension of human cognition. Although abstraction has been extensively studied, its emotional and affective antecedents have been largely overlooked. One experiment was conducted to examine whether physical pain affects abstraction. Drawing on Construal Level Theory [Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review117, 440–463] and Loewenstein’s [(1996). Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes65, 272–292] visceral factors theory, we hypothesised that pain impairs abstraction because pain constricts people’s mental horizons and lead to a concrete, inward-focus toward oneself in the here and now. Physical pain was manipulated between subjects (N = 150). The participants either kept their left hand immersed in cold (painful) water or neutral (painless) water while we measured abstract versus concrete behaviour identification, categorisation, and perceptual processing. Bayesian statistical analyses indicate substantial evidence against the hypothesis that pain impairs abstraction. In contrast to many other previously studied cognitive outcomes (e.g. attention), abstraction appears to be largely immune to acute, experimentally induced pain.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Swedish Language.
    Fälth, Linda
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning.
    On motivating children to learn a host language2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Children immigrating to Sweden are not motivated to learn the host language Swedish and learn English instead. We gathered information on what positively or negatively affects children’s motivation to learn Swedish to develop a “motivation-intervention” in collaboration with early-childhood teachers. Previous intervention studies of children’s motivation typically focus on learning a foreign language in school (García & Pérez-Llantada, 2015). We need to gain a better understanding of the effects of motivational interventions on particularly immigrant children learning a host language in early childhood. Our interventions are based in the theory of self-determination and included but were not limited to activities such as goal setting, self-reflection, and self-evaluation, that previously showed positive effects on students' motivation and attitudes towards learning a foreign language (Dörnyei & Csizér, 1998; MacIntyre & Noels, 1994). Early-childhood teachers answered a questionnaire focusing on children's motivation to learn Swedish and factors affecting this motivation. Development of interventions were based on the results from this questionnaire. To reduce the concern that not all children have access to the effective intervention we will invite childcare personnel in the area to a presentation and discussion of results. The main finding was the importance of the caregivers as role models. If they acquired Swedish, and found the language acquisition important for their children, children would be more motivated and would also attend childcare more frequently. Including teachers into the development of interventions led to relevant interventions that easily can be integrated with the regular curriculum in contrast to intense researcher-implemented interventions.

     

  • 4.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Swedish Language.
    Gullberg, Marianne
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Cross-linguistic influence and fine-grained placement verb semantics: Evidence from ERPs and appropriateness ratings: part of the symposium Cross-linguistic similarities in language learning and use2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Second language (L2) learners experience challenges when word-meanings differ across L1 and L2, and often display cross-linguistic influence (CLI) effects in speech production (Jarvis & Pavlenko, 2008). In contrast, comprehension studies show more mixed results. Specifically, ERP studies of semantic processing mainly report effects related to proficiency but surprisingly not CLI. This could be because they typically examine the processing of gross semantic violations, such as comparing socks and butter in the sentence He spread the bread with socks/butter (Kutas & Hillyard, 1980), rather than more fine-grained semantics. 

    We therefore explored how L2 learners process fine-grained L2 verb semantics that are either similar or not to their L1, predicting positive effects when semantics are similar. Specifically, we examined online neurophysiological processing and offline appropriateness ratings of three obligatory Swedish placement verbs, sätta ‘set’, ställa ‘stand’, and lägga ‘lay’. Verb choice in Swedish depends on the located object’s properties (shape, orientation, presence of a base; Gullberg & Burenhult, 2012). In contrast, English has one general placement verb (put), whereas German has specific verbs similar to Swedish (Berthele, 2004). 

    ERPs were recorded while English (18) and German (19) learners of L2 Swedish (matched for proficiency) and native Swedish speakers (17) watched images of objects being placed on a table and listened to sentences describing the placement with verbs that matched or not. In addition, participants performed an offline appropriateness rating task. 

    Both tasks revealed CLI effects. German learners’ appropriate ratings were more similar to native Swedish speakers’ than those of English learners. Similarly, German learners’ ERP effects were more similar to native Swedish speakers’ than those of English learners. The results thus reveal CLI both offline and online, in line with production findings, but critically in contrast to previous ERP studies of semantic processing. 

  • 5.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Swedish Language. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Education in Change.
    Newman, Aaron
    Dalhousie University, Canada.
    The roles of age of acquisition, proficiency, and first language on second language processing2023In: Changing Brains: Essays in Honor of Helen J. Neville / [ed] Aaron Newman, Giordana Grossi, Routledge, 2023, p. 57-77Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    With current trends in population migration, international mobility, and connectedness, an understanding of the factors that lead to optimal second language acquisition is increasingly important. Based on Helen Neville’s work, this chapter discusses some of the neurocognitive research on second language processing with a focus on studies utilizing event-related potentials (ERP). The chapter is structured around phonology, semantics, and syntax. For each of these subsystems of language, there is a focus on three factors important for second language processing: age of acquisition (AoA), proficiency, and cross-linguistic influence. We argue for a shift in ERP research from a focus on AoA as a sole factor for describing differences in processing languages to a more comprehensive approach, including proficiency and cross-linguistic influence.

  • 6.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Swedish Language.
    Tärning, Betty
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Gulz, Agneta
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Challenges for deploying math intervention in already challenged early childcare centers2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By comparing the results from two language versions of a computer based intervention program (Magical garden, MG) we aim to learn how to best increase early mathematic skills in 4-5-year olds with a first language (L1, Arabic) different from the official language used in school (L2, Swedish). Research on acquisition of novel concepts favors learning in L1 followed by L2, to learning in L2 only (Perozzi & Sanhez, 1992). However, this has not been researched in mathematics even though often suggested (Clements, Sarama, Wolfe, & Spitler, 2013). The game is based on results by Griffin and colleagues (Griffin, Case, & Siegler, 1994) and focuses on promoting an understanding of early numeracy. Children learn by teaching a panda how to play the game, which is adaptive to their success rate. The game is socially inclusive a) everyone plays the same scenarios, though at different levels and b) the garden grows with amount played independent of level. By virtue of the experimental design, half of the children play the version hypothesized to be less effective. However, all ECCs will have free access to both versions after the intervention period. Previous studies show monolingual children using MG developing their number sense (Gulz, 2018). Here we will discuss the preliminary findings with bilingual children. Importantly, we will discuss our challenges when implementing the study at challenged ECCs. Interventions based on educational software can easily be scaled-up and teachers can deploy them even with little own knowledge and interest in math (Praet & Desoete, 2014). 

  • 7.
    Anton, Ivehed
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Pontus, Jagersten
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Samband mellan följsamhet till behandlingens metoder och symtomreduktion inom internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi för patienter med depression i reguljär öppenvård.2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There are questions about how adherence to treatment methods in Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for depression affects symptom reduction. Purpose: explore the relationship between adherence to treatment methods within internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) and symptom reduction, for depressed patients. Research question: is there a relationship between adherence to treatment methods and symptom reduction. Method: the participants were 90 patients treated for depression at the Internetpsykiatri in Stockholm. The number of modules completed was registered, the amount and quality of homework was estimated by a treatment-specific adherence scale. Symptom reduction was measured by changes in level of depression, from pre-measurement to post-measurement. Results: correlation was demonstrated between number of completed modules and symptom reduction, but not between amount and quality of homework and symptom reduction. Amount and quality did not add more explanation of the variance in symptom reduction than the number of completed modules. Conclusions: it is more important that patients advance in the treatment, than how the treatment methods are performed. 

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  • 8.
    Arvidsson, Karl-Wilhelm
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Landelius, Andrea
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Utmattning som transformativ kris: En kvalitativ studie om människors upplevelser av att ha drabbats av utmattningssyndrom2021Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Stress-related illness is a growing problem in western countries. In Sweden, exhaustion disorder is the leading cause of sick leave due to psychiatric disorders. According to The National Board of Health and Welfare, people seeking help for exhaustion are in a state of crisis, but that aspect does not influence either the diagnostic criteria nor the treatment recommendations. The aim with the following study was to examine how persons diagnosed with exhaustion disorder regard the experience when they are no longer in an acute stage of illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight persons and the method used for analysis was interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results indicate that exhaustion disorder can be a life-changing experience characterized by losses and changes causing a state of crisis that can challenge earlier self-conceptions and lead to inner conflicts and grief. Prominent to the experience is a struggle to understand one’s life situation and to find a new direction in life. The process also seems to lead to meaningful insights. Furthermore, the results indicate that people suffering from exhaustion disorder can experience a lack of a place in healthcare settings where they can raise, explore and process difficult emotions and inner conflicts. The relevance and function of the diagnosis is discussed, as well as clinical implications and future research.

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    Utmattning som transformativ kris
  • 9.
    Audissino, Emilio
    University of Southampton, UK.
    A Gestalt Approach to the Analysis of Music in Films2017In: Musicology Research, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 69-88Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the field of Film-Music Studies, Cognitive Psychology remains perhaps the stronger approach as an alternative to Post-Structuralism and Cultural Studies. Yet, Gestalt Psychology has recently seen a revival of interest. Gestalt can offer enlightening concepts not only to theorise how music and visuals combine in an audiovisual whole, but also productive tools to analyse concrete instances in films. While Cognitivism tends to be concerned with single mechanisms of how the brain processes the perceptual data and gives much salience to the higher cognitive operations, Gestalt is concerned with the holistic nature of our experience and attributes more importance to the lower perceptual operations. As Donnelly points out, the combination of sound and visuals into an audiovisual whole has not so much to do with cognitive elaborations as with that hard-wired orientation of our mind towards completeness and stableness that is studied by Gestalt.

    Employing the Gestalt concepts of Isomorphism, Prägnanz and Dynamic Self-Distribution, I propose an approach to the analysis of music in films based on the similarity/difference between the configuration (gestalt) of the music and that of the other cinematic components (cinematography, editing, acting, lighting, colour palette...). A stabilised experience of the audiovisual whole – the basis for both a formalistic analysis and a critical interpretation – is reached when their encounter makes the gestalts of the cinematic components reciprocally reconfigure and fuse to produce a wider all-including gestalt: the macro-configuration of the audiovisual experience. This Gestalt approach – being based on the fusion of the aural and visual factors into a whole that is 'different from the sum of its parts' – is also helpful to supersede the long-standing visual bias that influences Film Studies, which leads to think of music as something that is externally added to either reinforce or subvert what is already there in the visuals.

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  • 10.
    Audissino, Emilio
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Media and Journalism.
    Aha, Ha! Moment: A Gestalt Perspective on Audiovisual Humour2022In: Cinéma & Cie, E-ISSN 2036-461X, Vol. 22, no 38, p. 97-116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In my previous work about film music, I had adopted Gestalt as a theoretical framework to explain the functions and effects of music in film, from a perspective that did not stem from musicology but from film studies. I developed what I call ‘micro/macro configurations’ analysis. In films, music contributes to the overall form with its specific gestalt (the configuration of the musical structures), and such musical gestalt meets the gestalt of some other cinematic device/s. Besides music, any device (light design, colour schemes, dialogue, acting, camerawork, cutting…) has a specific micro-configuration that can fuse with those of the other devices, and it can be analysed in terms of micro/macro-configuration. The product of the fusion of these micro-configurations is a macro-configuration in which the devices create an audiovisual whole that is ‘something else than the sum of its parts’. In this article I apply this Gestalt-inspired analytical approach to audiovisual humour, more specifically to ‘audiovisual puns’, ‘sight gags’, and ‘perceptual pranks’. The bulk of the examples come from the cinema of the Zucker-Abrahams-Zucker trio, whose comedy is largely based on a clash of incongruous micro-configurations, on perceptual accumulation that creates results similar to multistable figures, and even on comical optical illusions. Closing the article is a proposal that links Gestalt to the Release Theories of humour, explaining the laughter engendered by humour as a ‘Aha, Ha! moment’.

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  • 11.
    Auener, Mareike
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Berntsson, Tove
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    “Min största kritiker har nog alltid varit jag själv”: En intervjustudie om upplevelsen av självkritik hos vuxna personer med stressymtom2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Stress-related mental illness is a major problem in today's society that causes great social costs and great suffering for those affected. Research indicates that self-criticism can be a vulnerability factor for the development of stress problems. In order to contribute knowledge to how psychological interventions can be designed, it may be of value to examine individuals' experiences of self-criticism and stress more closely. The aim of the study was therefore to increase the knowledge of self-criticism in individuals with stress symptoms, which was investigated through the following question: How do adults with stress symptoms experience self-criticism? Five semi-structured interviews were conducted and qualitatively analyzed based on a generic analysis method. The analysis resulted in five main categories, which reflect different aspects of the experience of self-criticism: High internal demands, Negative assessment of oneself, Fear of the reactions of others, Violation of own boundaries and Deteriorated psychological well-being. To conclude, several different aspects of self-critical thoughts and behaviors emerged among the study participants, which indicates that self-criticism can be an important factor to take into account when developing interventions for patients with stress problems.

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  • 12.
    Bakardjiev, Victor
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Talent Management at Daimler Financial Services: An investigation into the determinants of human resource development effectiveness in a specific organizational context2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Since the concept was popularized by McKinsey & Company in the late 1990s, talent management initiatives have been pushed with urgency to the forefront of organizational priorities, and businesses have exerted considerable effort in locating and developing the upper echelon talent pools. Much emphasis has been put on the need to identify and attract top talent, focus has shifted away from developing ordinary talent into extra-ordinary talent through broad human resource development initiatives. This research examines a global training initiative implemented in a multi-national corporation, and sets out to identify the primary impediments to its effectiveness. After a literature review, and a focus group, six factors were identified as crucial to this situation: accuracy, communication, feedback, motivation, organizational support, and time. A survey was then disseminated to the relevant organizational members to identify which of these six issues was the most pressing. Based on the results, the author concludes by extrapolating the potential organizational implications, as well as providing some accommodating solutions.

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  • 13.
    Bengtsson, Hans
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Söderström, Micael
    Af Chapmangymnasiet.
    Terjestam, Yvonne
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    The Structure and Development of Dispositional Compassion in Early Adolescence2016In: Journal of Early Adolescence, ISSN 0272-4316, E-ISSN 1552-5449, Vol. 36, no 6, p. 840-873Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Compassion may be directed towardat a broad range of targets. The present study investigated interrelations among other-directed compassion, self-compassion and environmental compassion in early adolescence (age 12-14; n = 256) and examined how the different manifestations of compassion were related to age and sex during this age period. Acts of Ccompassion directed at different targets were[1]  assessed through self-reports and peer nominations. SEM-analysis supported a model that displayedportrayed compassion toward self, others and the environment as three distinct, but interrelated factors. Other-directed compassion and environmental compassion were higher in girls than in boys. There was a decrease in self-compassion with age, which was linked to negative self-perceptions in 13- and 14-year-old girls. The roles of experience and cognitive factors in linking different forms of compassion were discussed.

  • 14.
    Bjäremo, Svante
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Forsén, Mattias
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Återkallning av Meningsbärande Enheter med Hjälp av Stödord och Internet: Ett kvasiexperiment för att undersöka återkallning av semantiskt meningsbärande enheter med externa hjälpmedel2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The current study sought to examine if post-produced semantic memory cues are a good aid for memory recall. It also focused on remembering units with a meaning, instead of just remembering lists of words. In the current study a factual text was used where the participants were tasked with recalling as much information as possible either with the aid of cues (keywords written by the participants themselfs), computer with Internet or no aids at all. The results showed that keywords are significantly better for memory recall. The results were discussed in regards to modern models describing semantic memory. The study method was thoroughly analyzed because of its novel design.

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  • 15.
    Bramhagen, Therese
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Upplevelsen av krav, resurser och engagemang bland polisens utredare2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Krav i arbetet kan beskrivas som faktorer som belastar individen och har visat sig ha ett positivt samband med utbrändhet och ett negativt samband med resurser och engagemang. Resurser i arbetet kan beskrivas som faktorer som underlättar för individen när denne ska hantera kraven i arbetet. Resurser har visat sig ha ett negativt samband med utbrändhet och ett positivt samband med engagemang. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om krav och resurser i arbetet predicerar graden av engagemang hos polisens utredare. Studien genomfördes med enkäter vilka besvarades av 90 utredare som arbetade inom polisen. Krav och resurser mättes med COPSOQ II och engagemang mättes med UWES-9. Datamaterialet analyserades med en multipel regressionsanalys, vilket resulterade i en signifikant modell där prediktorerna krav och resurser kunde förklara 34.9% av graden av engagemang. Vidare visade resultatet att resursen, autonomi, var den prediktor som hade störst inflytande på graden av engagemang. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån komplexiteten i de undersökta prediktorerna och kvalitativ forskning vore önskvärt för att bättre förstå denna komplexitet.

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  • 16.
    Brodin, Eva
    Filosofiska institutionen, Lunds universitet.
    Kognition hos hundar i relation till en spädbarnsstudie:: Habituering och förståelse av kausala samband2000Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 17.
    Brown, Nicholas
    et al.
    University of Groningen, Netherlands.
    Van Rongen, Jan B
    Independent consultant.
    Van de Velde, Jakob
    Ghent University, Belgium.
    Williams, Matt
    Massey University, New Zealand.
    A Reproduction of the Results of Onyike et al. (2003)2021In: Meta-Psychology, E-ISSN 2003-2714, Vol. 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Onyike et al. (2003) analyzed data from a large-scale US-American data set, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III), and reported an association between obesity and major depression, especially among people with severe obesity. Here, we report the results of a detailed replication of Onyike et al.’s analyses. While we were able to reproduce the majority of these authors’ descriptive statistics, this took a substantial amount of time and effort, and we found several minor errors in the univariate descriptive statistics reported in their Tables 1 and 2. We were able to reproduce most of Onyike et al.’s bivariate findings regarding the relationship between obesity and depression (Tables 3 and 4), albeit with some small discrepancies (e.g., with respect to the magnitudes of standard errors). On the other hand, we were unable to reproduce Table 5, containing Onyike et al.’s findings with respect to the relationship between obesity and depression when controlling for plausible confounding variables—arguably the paper’s most important results—because some of the included predictor variables appear to be either unavailable, or not coded in the way reported by Onyike et al., in the public NHANES-III data sets. We discuss the implications of our findings for the transparency of reporting and the reproducibility of published results.

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  • 18.
    Bäckhed, Sofia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Törmänen, Isabella
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Arbetstillfredsställelse: En kvantitativ studie om skillnader i arbetstillfredsställelse mellan arbetare och tjänstemän2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine if blue- and white collar workers differ in self-rated job-satifaction  and  also to find out if job-satisfacaction can be predicted by gender, age, period of employment and union affiliation. The study was performed at a state university in southern Sweden. The sample consisted of 80 employees from four different departments, the accounting department, the department of human reosurces, the IT department and the service department. Of these were 26 blue collar-workers and 54 white collar-workers based on union affiliation. The questionnaire was about psychosocial work environment (PAK) and is based on the test of Sigvard Rubenowitz. The test measures job-satisfaction by five different scales, self-control, work management, working community, work incentive and work load. Statistical analysis with t-test and multiple regression analysis revealed a significant difference between blue collar workers and white collar workers where white collar-workers felt more work incentive, more self-control and felt a higher work load. The result also revealed that period of employment was a significant predictor for work load and age was a significant predictor for work management and work incentive.

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  • 19.
    Cardeña, E.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Jönsson, P.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Terhune, D. B.
    University of Oxford, UK.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Lund University, Sweden.
    The neurophenomenology of neutral hypnosis2013In: Cortex, ISSN 0010-9452, Vol. 49, no 2, p. 375-385Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: After a hypnotic induction, medium and highly hypnotizable individuals often report spontaneous alterations in various dimensions of consciousness. Few studies investigating these experiences have controlled for the inherent demands of specific hypnotic suggestions and fewer still have considered their dynamic properties and neural correlates. Methods: We adopted a neurophenomenological approach to investigate neutral hypnosis, which involves no specific suggestion other than to go into hypnosis, with 37 individuals of high, medium, and low hypnotizability (Highs, Mediums, and Lows). Their reports of depth and spontaneous experience at baseline, following a hypnotic induction, and then after multiple rest periods were analyzed and related to EEG frequency band power and global functional connectivity. Results: Hypnotizability was marginally associated with lower global functional connectivity during hypnosis. Perceived hypnotic depth increased substantially after the induction especially among Highs and then Mediums, but remained almost unchanged among Lows. In the sample as a whole, depth correlated moderately to strongly with power and/or power heterogeneity for the fast EEG frequencies of beta2, beta3, and gamma, but independently only among Highs. The spontaneous phenomenology of Lows referred primarily to the ongoing experiment and everyday concerns, those of Mediums to vestibular and other bodily experiences, and those of Highs to imagery and positive affect/exceptional experiences. The latter two phenomena were associated with lower global functional connectivity during hypnosis. Imagery correlated positively with gamma power heterogeneity and negatively with alpha1 power heterogeneity. Generally, the pattern of correlations for the Highs was the opposite of that for the Lows. Conclusions: Experienced hypnotic depth and spontaneous phenomena following a neutral hypnotic induction vary as a function of hypnotizability and are related to global functional connectivity and EEG band wave activity. 

  • 20.
    Cardeña, E.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Changes in state of consciousness and psi in ganzfeld and hypnosis conditions2020In: Journal of parapsychology, ISSN 0022-3387, Vol. 84, no 1, p. 66-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a previous experiment with participants high (Highs) and low (Lows) in hypnotizability, psi z scores had moderate to strong correlations with percipients’ belief of their success and their previous ostensible psi experiences, experiencing an Altered State of Consciousness and other alterations of consciousness during a non-psi ganzfeld session, but only among the Highs. The current pre-registered study had a larger N of only Highs, evaluated in hypnosis and hypnosis + ganzfeld procedures. Participants (N = 35) served as “receivers” in two 20 min sessions of ganzfeld or hypnosis in counterbalanced order. Both sessions used hypnosis verbalizations, but only one of them had sensory homogenization. The authors served as “sender” and “experimenter” in different buildings. As an index of experienced alterations of consciousness, participants filled out the Phenomenolo-gy of Consciousness Inventory (PCI) at the beginning and end of the sessions, and gave a rating of 0-100 to 4 film clips (one of them the target), from which psi z scores were derived. Overall, participants did not score better than chance and there was no difference between the conditions. Howev-er, for the ganzfeld sessions psi scores correlated moderately (r =.40, p =.02) with the PCI Altered State shift scores (ganzfeld-baseline scores). Although the overall psi rate was not significant, we found a relation between psi scoring and experiencing an Altered State in ganzfeld psi sessions. 

  • 21.
    Cardeña, E.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    On the need to compare anomalous experiences carefully: Commentary on Milán et al.'s Auras in mysticism and synaesthesia2012In: Consciousness and Cognition, ISSN 1053-8100, Vol. 21, no 2, p. 1068-1069Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Cardeña, E.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Lund University, Sweden.
    The relation of hypnotizability and dissociation to everyday mentation: An experience-sampling study2016In: Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, ISSN 2326-5523, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 61-79Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Research has found that individuals varying in hypnotizability and dissociation respond differently to questionnaires and procedures geared to affect their state of consciousness, but their stream of consciousness in everyday life has not been investigated. We evaluated the everyday mentation of students (N = 46) in a 2 (High vs. Low Hypnotizability) × 2 (High vs. Low Dissociative) design through experience sampling with personal digital assistants (PDAs). The PDAs prompted volunteers randomly 8 times per day during 5 days and included questions about attention, type of mental activity, and mood, among others, which resulted in 5 factors: focus/absorption, daydreaming, negative affect, control/awareness, and detachment. High control/awareness correlated with high focus/absorption, low negative affect, and low detachment. Detachment correlated also with daydreaming. As predicted, high dissociatives reported less control but more detachment and negative affect than low dissociatives. High hypnotizables (Highs) did not report more focus/absorption than low hypnotizables (Lows) but endorsed more daydreaming and negative affect. Highs reported more thoughts than Lows, and Lows reported more sensory impressions than Highs. Hypnotizability and dissociation also interacted: Low dissociatives/Lows reported less daydreaming than the others, and high dissociatives/Lows experienced less control than the other 3 groups combined. Participants reported less control/awareness during daydreaming, with high dissociatives/Highs showing a larger decrement than the others. Most mentations referred to thoughts or sensory impressions; the former were characterized by more negative affect than the latter. In general, individuals felt more dysphoric when their mentation was more detached or less focused or controlled than usual. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

  • 23.
    Cardeña, E.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Wasmuth, J.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Hypnotizability and dissociation as predictors of performance in a precognition task: A pilot study2009In: Journal of Parapsychology, ISSN 0022-3387, Vol. 73, no SPRING-FALL, p. 137-158Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Cardeña, E.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Sjöstedt, J. O. A.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Sustained Attention and Motivation in Zen Meditators and Non-meditators2015In: Mindfulness, ISSN 1868-8527, Vol. 6, no 5, p. 1082-1087Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated the ability of Zen meditators and non-meditators to sustain attention during an ongoing task. We hypothesized that meditators (n = 15) would sustain attention more efficiently than non-meditators (n = 19) by responding faster to task stimuli, making fewer commission errors, and reporting fewer interfering thoughts in the sustained attention to response task (SART). Their motivation to do the SART was evaluated with the motivation scale of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), and after participants had completed the SART, they reported whether they had experienced task-related and task-irrelevant interferences through the thinking content scale of the DSSQ. The results indicated that meditators had higher intrinsic motivation (although this scale had very low reliability) towards the SART whereas non-meditators had higher success motivation. Meditators and non-meditators did not significantly differ on commission errors on the SART, but meditators responded faster to SART stimuli. Meditators reported fewer task-related interferences than non-meditators, but the groups did not differ in the amount of task-irrelevant interferences. These results suggest that the difference between meditators and non-meditators is more nuanced than just a generalized improvement of the former in sustained attention.

  • 25.
    Carlsson, Rickard
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Agerström, Jens
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lund University.
    Carlsson, Magnus
    Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics and Statistics.
    Rooth, Dan-Olof
    Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics and Statistics.
    Backlash and hiring: A field experiment on agency, communion, and gender2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gender stereotypes describe women as communal and men asagentic. Laboratory based research (Rudman & Glick 1999; 2001)suggests that trying to disconfirm such descriptive genderstereotypes (e.g., women self-promoting their agency), entails therisk of hiring discrimination due to violation of prescriptive genderstereotypes: a backlash. To examine whether backlash occurs whenapplying for real jobs, we conducted a field experiment. Gender,agency and communion were manipulated in the personal profile of5,562 applications sent to 3,342 job openings on the Swedish labormarket. The dependent variable was whether the applicationresulted in an invitation to a job interview or not. The results do notoffer any support for the backlash hypothesis at this stage in therecruitment process.

  • 26.
    Carlsson, Rickard
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Schimmack, Ulrich
    University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada.
    Williams, Donald
    University of California Davis, USA.
    Bürkner, Paul-Christian
    University of Münster, Germany.
    Bayes Factors From Pooled Data Are No Substitute for Bayesian Meta-Analysis: Commentary on Scheibehenne, Jamil, and Wagenmakers (2016)2017In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 28, no 11, p. 1694-1697Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scheibehenne, Jamil, and Wagenmakers (2016; SJW) recently introduced Bayesian evidence synthesis (BES). They used it to combine evidence from seven published studies that examined the influence of social-norm messages on hotel towel reuse rates. Although most of the original studies provided non-significant results (p-value > .05), BES provided strong support for the effect (Bayes factor = 37). We think that this conclusion is wrong. We demonstrate that BES is inherently flawed because it pools data in a way that is vulnerable to a Simpson’s paradox, and that a Bayesian meta-analysis that avoids this problem produces weaker evidence. 

  • 27.
    Carlsson, Rickard
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Sinclair, Samantha
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Prototypes and same-gender bias in perceptions of hiring discrimination2018In: Journal of Social Psychology, ISSN 0022-4545, E-ISSN 1940-1183, Vol. 158, no 3, p. 285-297Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study investigated the relative importance of two explanations behind perceptions of gender discrimination in hiring: prototypes and same- gender bias. According to the prototype explanation, people perceive an event as discrimination to the extent that it fits their preconceptions of typical discrimination. In contrast, the same-gender bias explanation asserts that people more readily detect discrimination toward members of their own gender. In four experiments (n = 797), women and men made considerably stronger discrimination attributions, and were moderately more discouraged from seeking work, when the victim was female rather than male. Further, a series of regressions analyses showed beliefs in discrimination of women to be moderately correlated with discrimination attributions of female victims, but little added explanatory value of participant gender, stigma consciousness, or feminist identification. The results offer strong support for the prototype explanation. 

  • 28.
    Colldin, Olivia
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Luzha, Ilda
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Munsef, Nancy
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Vilket studieår är studenter mest stressade?: En kvanitativ studie om upplevd stress bland universitetsstudenter i olika studieår2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research has shown that students transition from high school to university can lead to different levels of stress. However, there is no consensus of how the students’ stress levels develops throughout the years they study at a university. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine if there was a diffence in perceived stress between first year, second year, and third year students at a university in Sweden. A quantitative approach was applied, where the data was gathered through the Perceived Stress Scale 14 that was supplemeted with a selfconstructed self-rating scale and demographic questions. A total of 126 students participated in the survey where 41 were first-year students, 41 were second-year students, and 44 were third-year students. The empirical data was analyzed with the help of Karasek and Theorell’s (1990) job demand-controlsupport model and previous research. The result showed that there was no significant difference in perceived stress between the students in the different study-years, however, all students’ experienced a high level of stress.

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    fulltext
  • 29.
    Crüwell, Sophia
    et al.
    Berlin Institute of Health, Germany;University of Cambridge, UK.
    Apthorp, Deborah
    University of New England, USA;Australian National University, Australia.
    Baker, Bradley J.
    Temple University, USA.
    Colling, Lincoln
    University of Sussex, UK.
    Elson, Malte
    Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
    Geiger, Sandra J.
    University of Vienna, Austria.
    Lobentanzer, Sebastian
    University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
    Monéger, Jean
    University of Poitiers, France;Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
    Patterson, Alex
    The University of Sheffield, UK.
    Schwarzkopf, D. Samuel
    University of Auckland, New Zealand;University College London, UK.
    Zaneva, Mirela
    University of Oxford, UK.
    Brown, Nicholas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    What’s in a Badge?: A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in One Issue of Psychological Science2023In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 34, no 4, p. 512-522Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In April 2019, Psychological Science published its first issue in which all Research Articles received the Open Data badge.We used that issue to investigate the effectiveness of this badge, focusing on the adherence to its aim at Psychological Science: sharing both data and code to ensure reproducibility of results. Twelve researchers of varying experience levels attempted to reproduce the results of the empirical articles in the target issue (at least three researchers per article). We found that all 14 articles provided at least some data and six provided analysis code, but only one article was rated to be exactly reproducible, and three were rated as essentially reproducible with minor deviations. We suggest that researchers should be encouraged to adhere to the higher standard in force at Psychological Science. Moreover, a check of reproducibility during peer review may be preferable to the disclosure method of awarding badges.

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    Article text
  • 30.
    Davidson, Per
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden;Massachusetts General Hospital, USA;Harvard Medical School, USA.
    Marcusson-Clavertz, David
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    The effect of sleep on intrusive memories in daily life: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trauma film experiments2023In: Sleep, ISSN 0161-8105, E-ISSN 1550-9109, Vol. 46, no 2, article id zsac280Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Study objectives: To synthesize the literature on the effect of sleep versus wake on the frequency and distress of intrusive memories in everyday life after watching film clips with distressing content as a proxy for traumatic experiences.

    Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed and PsychInfo. The last search was conducted on January 31 st 2022. We included experimental studies comparing sleep and wake groups on intrusions using ecological diary methods, whereas studies lacking a wake control condition or relying solely on intrusion-triggering tasks or retrospective questionnaires were excluded. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the results. Risks of biases were assessed following the Cochrane guidelines.

    Results: Across 7 effect sizes from 6 independent studies, sleep (n = 192), as compared to wake (n=175), significantly reduced the number of intrusive memories (Hedges' g = -0.26, p = .04, 95% CI [-0.50, -0.01]), but not the distress associated with them (Hedges' g = -0.14, p = .25, 95% CI [-0.38, 0.10]).

    Conclusions: Although the results suggest that sleep reduces the number of intrusions, there is a strong need for high-powered pre-registered studies to confirm this effect. Risks of biases in the reviewed work include the selection of the reported results, measurement of the outcome, and failure to adhere to the intervention. Limits with the current meta-analysis include the few number of studies, only including English-language studies, and the fact that it was not pre-registered.

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  • 31.
    Durante, Federica
    et al.
    University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
    Fiske, Susan T.
    Princeton University, USA.
    Gelfand, Michele
    University of Maryland, USA.
    Crippa, Franca
    University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
    Suttora, Chiara
    University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
    Stillwell, Amelia
    Stanford University, USA.
    Asbrock, Frank
    Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany.
    Aycan, Zeynep
    Koc University, Turkey.
    Bye, Hege
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Carlsson, Rickard
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Lund University.
    Dagher, Munqith
    Independent Institute for Administration and Civil Society Studies, Jordan.
    Geller, Armando
    Scensei, Switzerland.
    Larsen, Christian Albrekt
    Aalborg University, Denmark.
    Latif, Abdel-Hamid Abdel
    The Egyptian Research and Training Center, Egypt.
    Mähönen, Tuuli Anna
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Teymoori, Ali
    University of Bordeaux, France.
    Ambivalent stereotypes link to peace, conflict, and inequality across 38 nations2017In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 114, no 4, p. 669-674Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A cross-national study, 49 samples in 38 nations (n = 4,344), inves- tigates whether national peace and conflict reflect ambivalent warmth and competence stereotypes: High-conflict societies (Pakistan) may need clearcut, unambivalent group images distinguishing friends from foes. Highly peaceful countries (Denmark) also may need less ambivalence because most groups occupy the shared national identity, with only a few outcasts. Finally, nations with interme- diate conflict (United States) may need ambivalence to justify more complex intergroup-system stability. Using the Global Peace Index to measure conflict, a curvilinear (quadratic) relationship be- tween ambivalence and conflict highlights how both extremely peaceful and extremely conflictual countries display lower stereo- type ambivalence, whereas countries intermediate on peace-conflict present higher ambivalence. These data also replicated a linear inequality–ambivalence relationship. 

  • 32.
    Enerdal, Annelie
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Börjesson, Andrea
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Kvinnliga polisstudenters erfarenheter och upplevelser.: En kvalitativ studie med fokus på genus, kön och yrkesroll.2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att utforska vilka erfarenheter och upplevelser kvinnliga polisstudenter hade av kön och genus under polisutbildningen. Data samlades in genom intervjuer med fyra kvinnliga polisstudenter. Materialet analyserades därefter utifrån den kvalitativa analysmetoden tematisk analys. Ur den tematiska analysen konstruerades fyra huvudteman: Bilden av en polis, Den kvinnliga polisen, Uppfattningar om jämlikhet samt Genusfrågornas plats på polisutbildningen. Studiens deltagare målade upp en komplex bild kring hur de upplevde att en kvinnlig polisstudent “skall vara”. Vissa slutsatser som denna studie drar faller i linje med tidigare forskning inom området. Detta då det föreföll som att föreställningar och normer för hur en polis “skall vara” fortsätter att påverka de kvinnliga studenterna på polisutbildningen. Vidare resultat från denna studie visar på att kvinnliga polisstudenter upplevde att den pågående rörelsen inom polisutbildningen mot ett mjukare förhållningssätt med högre värdering av traditionellt mer feminina egenskaper var positivt märkbar.

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  • 33.
    Engström, Jimmy
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Viljan till förändring : Har beroendebehandlare i Sverige ett medvetet sätt att framkalla och underhålla motivationen hos klienterna? Utifrån ett SDT-perspektiv2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetet handlar om motivation inom beroendevården i Sverige. Beroende av alkohol och andra droger har arbetats med i flera tusen år på olika sätt och med olika framgång. Allt ifrån inlåsningar på psykiatriska institutioner till elchocker. Syftet med denna studie var att se om behandlare i Sverige har speciella medvetna strategier i sättet de jobbar på för att väcka motivation hos klienterna till fortsatt behandling.

       En större del av de tillfrågade (87 %) uppgav att de använder en speciell metod eller har en speciell tanke innan ett första möte. Flertalet av dessa använder sig av motiverande samtal eller lågaffektivt bemötande.    Flera av de tillfrågade ansåg att vara lyhörd och förmedla tillit var de viktigaste sakerna i ett första bemötande med en ny klient.

       Det finns stöd för att behandlare inom beroendevården i Sverige använder sig av specifika metoder i ett möte med klienten. Flera av dessa metoder finner stöd i tidigare forskning och litteratur i att vara främjande för att skapa känslor av autonomitet, samband/släktskap och kompetens. Enligt Self-Determination theory (jfr. Deci & Ryan, 2008) kan detta ses som något som något som är nödvändigt för att kunna bygga en stark inre motivation. Studier visar att en stark inre motivation är positivt för att kunna tillgodogöra sig behandlingen.

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  • 34.
    Estling, Jan
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Ståhl, Rosita
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Kasam: Graden av Kasam hos polisstudenter2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    The main purpose of this quantitative survey was to investigate if police students at Linné University of Växjö would have a higher degree of Sense of Coherence (SOC) in comparison to a random control group of other students at Linné University. The secondary purpose was to determine if there are any gender differences. The students answered 29 questions on the Likert scale 1-7 from the Kasam-29 questionnaire. The result showed that police students had an average higher degree of Sense of Coherence, but that gender had no effect. The total of respondents was 92, distributed on 54 police students; 37 men and 17 women. The control group consisted of  38 randomly chosen students, 16 men and 22 women. The uneven quantity of respondents between the groups and genders did not have any significant influence. 

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    KASAM-Graden av Kasam hos polisstudenter
  • 35.
    Evysdotter, Elvira
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Att bli påverkad av patientmöten i psykiatrivården: Sjuksköterskors upplevelse av emotionell påfrestning av patientmöten och strategier till välmående i arbets- och privatlivet.2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Working with patients with mental illness may involve high emotional strain for nurses working in psychiatric care and affect well-being at work and in their private life. The aim of this study is to describe how the daily contact with patients with mental illness affect nurses emotional well-being, what resources are important in order to promote well-being at the workplace and how the private life affect well-being at work. Job Demand-Resource model is applied to describe what demands (emotional or organizational) and resources (social or organizational) that exists in the workplace. Work-home balance is applied to understand the interaction between well-being at work and well-being off work. This study uses qualitative method and is based on semi-structured interviews with six nurses who worked in psychiatric care for adults. Thematic analysis was used to find relevant themes in the data. The result indicates that the contact with patients indeed implies high emotional demands for nurses, but is also regarded as meaningful. Social support is an important resource in order to maintain well-being at work and at home. To balance demands (e.g. contact with patients) with resources (e.g. time for recovery) was important to reduce stress among. The time off work (i.e. private life) was perceived to affected well-being at work and it was important for the nurses to separate their work-home from their private life in order to reduce the risk of work-related thoughts to affect their private life. 

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  • 36.
    Farjam, Mike
    et al.
    Lund university, Sweden.
    Bianchi, Federico
    University of Milan, Italy.
    Squazzoni, Flaminio
    University of Milan, Italy.
    Bravo, Giangiacomo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Studies.
    Dangerous liaisons: an online experiment on the role of scientific experts and politicians in ensuring public support for anti-COVID measures2021In: Royal Society Open Science, E-ISSN 2054-5703, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 1-20, article id 201310Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effectiveness of public health measures to prevent COVID-19 contagion has required less vulnerable citizens to pay an individual cost in terms of personal liberty infringement to protect more vulnerable groups. However, the close relationship between scientific experts and politicians in providing information on COVID-19 measures makes it difficult to understand which communication source was more effective in increasing pro-social behaviour. Here, we present an online experiment performed in May 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic on 1131 adult residents in Lombardy, Italy, one of the world's hardest hit regions. Results showed that when scientific experts recommended anti-contagion measures, participants were more sensitive to pro-social motivations, unlike whenever these measures were recommended by politicians and scientific experts together. Our findings suggest the importance of trusted sources in public communication during a pandemic.

  • 37.
    Farjam, Mike
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Studies.
    Kirchkamp, Oliver
    University of Jena, Germany.
    Bubbles in hybrid markets: How expectations about algorithmic trading affect human trading2018In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ISSN 0167-2681, E-ISSN 1879-1751, Vol. 146, p. 248-269Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bubbles are omnipresent in lab experiments with asset markets. Most of these experiments are conducted in environments with only human traders. Since today's markets are substantially determined by algorithmic trading, we use a laboratory experiment to measure how human trading depends on the expected presence of algorithmic traders. We find that bubbles are clearly smaller when human traders expect algorithmic traders to be present.

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    bubblesInHzbridMarkets
  • 38.
    Farshchi, Sara
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Annika
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Swedish Language.
    van de Weijer, Joost
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Paradis, Carita
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Brain responses to negated and affirmative meanings in the auditory modality2023In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, E-ISSN 1662-5161, Vol. 17, article id 1079493Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Negation is frequently used in natural language, yet relatively little is known about its processing. More importantly, what is known regarding the neurophysiological processing of negation is mostly based on results of studies using written stimuli (the word-by-word paradigm). While the results of these studies have suggested processing costs in connection to negation (increased negativities in brain responses), it is difficult to know how this translates into processing of spoken language. We therefore developed an auditory paradigm based on a previous visual study investigating processing of affirmatives, sentential negation (not), and prefixal negation (un-). The findings of processing costs were replicated but differed in the details. Importantly, the pattern of ERP effects suggested less effortful processing for auditorily presented negated forms (restricted to increased anterior and posterior positivities) in comparison to visually presented negated forms. We suggest that the natural flow of spoken language reduces variability in processing and therefore results in clearer ERP patterns.

     

  • 39.
    Formichella, Johanna
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Norrhäll, Ulla
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Kvinnors upplevelser av sociala medier, skönhetsideal och självkänsla2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study examined how women aged 18 – 35 years experience social media and if and in that case how social media has any impact on their beauty ideals and self-esteem. Previous research in the area is showing varied results where both positive and negative aspects have been emphasized. In this study we used Festinger’s A Theory of Social Comparison and Latané’s Social Impact Theory to understand what impact social media have on people. This study was conducted using a qualitative interview design where eleven women were interviewed.  The aim of this study was to examine women’s experience of if, and in that case how they are affected by social media regarding beauty ideals and self-esteem. The material was analyzed based on a thematic analysis and resulted in five themes: Body ideals, Distorted reality, To compare oneself with others, Maturation process and Following the right accounts. Following the right accounts was considered a suitable way to avoid the negative impact of social media. Wrong accounts, those that show the perfect and false reality, were thought to lead to stress, a sense of failure and low self-esteem, while right accounts that showed reality with all its flaws were thought to convey an affirmation that "I'm okay, I’m good enough as I am”.

  • 40.
    Glinka, Kristoffer
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Human Resource Management: En korrelationsstudie om upplevt organisationsstöd och psykologiska kontrakt.2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between employer and employee is, from a judicial point of view, governed primarily by economic and employment contracts. However, a significant part of the dynamic is also dictated by tacit expectations and promises (so called psychological contracts). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and psychological contract violation. Primary hypothesis assumed that there was a correlation between higher perceived organizational support and a reduction of feelings of violation from psychological contract breach. It was also assumed that employment time, sex and past breach experiences correlated with feelings of violation. Surveys were used to gather empirical data. Respondents consisted of 62 municipal employees, mainly in the education sector. Results showed a moderate relationship between POS and feelings of violation. No other significant correlations were found. This paper therefore argues for the importance of promoting good organizational support to its employees, which ultimately also improves organizational well-being and efficiency.

    Keywords: Work, organizational, psychology, human resource management, HR, psychological contract, organizational support, emotions, affects.

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  • 41.
    Grundén, Ellinor
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Findahl, Rebecca
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Psykosocial arbetsmiljö hos högstadielärare: En kvantitativ studie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The teachers in Sweden experience a great pressure from different directions and previous studies has shown that social and organizational factors in their work are a major cause of mental illness. The experience of the psychosocial work depends on what level the individual experience psychological demands, control and social support. The purpose of this study was to see how secondary school teachers experience the psychosocial work environment in their workplace and if there is any difference depending on if they work in a bigger or smaller school. This study was conducted among secondary school teachers from six schools in southern Sweden where 69 teachers participated, 27 from bigger schools and 42 from smaller schools. To measure this QPS-Nordic34+ was used and also background questions and three added questions which concerned the desired social support. The psychosocial work environment among the participants looked good in general. The result did not show any statistically significant difference between the smaller and bigger schools concerning the experience of the psychosocial work environment or desired social support. But there were significant correlations between age, number of years as a teacher, number of years at current workplace and the experience of the psychosocial work environment.

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  • 42.
    Gunnarsson, Helena E. M.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    The influence of different pain states on pain perception and cognitive functions2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The general aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of different pain stateson pain perception and cognition.In the first study, the effect of different pain qualities (duration, persistence, andintensity) on deep pressure pain thresholds in a pain-free body part among patientswith acute pain, long-lasting regularly recurrent pain, and long-lasting persistentpain, and pain-free controls was investigated. Such general deep pressure painthresholds were only significantly lower in the group with long-lasting persistentpain when compared to the healthy controls, suggesting that deep tissuehypersensitivity primarily occurs in patients with long-lasting, persistent pain.In the second study, the relationship between the same pain qualities and cognitiveperformance in the form of sustained attention, cognitive control, and psychomotorability was investigated. Overall, patients with long-lasting, persistent pain showedcognitive impairment on a wider range of cognitive tasks compared to patients withacute or long-lasting, regularly recurrent pain, using pain free controls asbenchmark. The results further suggest that persistence and duration, rather thanpain intensity, contribute to impaired cognitive function in clinical musculoskeletalpain states.In the third study, the effect of acute, experimental pain on abstraction wasexamined in a laboratory experiment where pain was induced with a cold pressorapparatus. The results were consistent with the null hypothesis, suggesting thatabstraction is immune to acute, experimental pain.In the fourth study, the correlation between clinical pain, abstraction and selfcontrolwas examined in patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain of differentduration, persistence and intensity. The results suggest that abstract thinking isreduced with increasing pain intensity and pain persistence. This was also the casefor self-control, although depression seems to mediate this relationship.In conclusion, compared to other pain states, patients who experience long-term,persistent pain, seem to suffer from a broader range of impaired cognitive abilities.Further, deep tissue hypersensitivity seems to develop in patients with long-termpersistent pain, but not in other pain states, which may contribute to the impairedcognitive performance observed in this patient group. The results have importantpractical implications for patients in the clinic and their everyday lives.

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  • 43.
    Gyllensvaan, Emil
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    ”Då, när jag förstod att en människa kan göra en sån grej... då var jag slagen i bitar.”– Sju samtalsterapeuters upplevelser av det svåra i mötet med klienter och hur de använder mindfulness för att hantera svårigheterna.2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 44.
    Hatic, Amer
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Popovici Valenzuela, Mikaela
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Läser jag bättre eller minns jag bra?: Grundskoleelevers förmåga till ordavkodning vid upprepad mätning och förekomst av igenkänningseffekt i LäSt2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Approximately 20% of the population suffer from a reading- or writing disability. In order to aid students with such disabilities reliable and valid reading tests are warranted. LäSt is a Swedish standardised reading test currently well-used nationally to measure children’s ability to decode words. Decoding encompasses the making of connections between single letters and words and their correct sounds, and therefore constitutes a central technical aspect of reading. There is evidence to show that some common psychological tests, including reading tests, display a retest-effect, whereby individual’s results increase over time as a result of repeated test administration. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether such a retest-effect is pronounced when LäSt is repeatedly administered to a sample of students in year 4 and 6. 

    In sum, 92 students from 4 different schools in Sweden took part in the study. They completed LäSt at three separate times during a time interval of 8 weeks. Testing 1 was completed in the first week, testing 2 was completed in the second week, and testing 3 was completed in the eight week. 

    A significant retest-effect was found indicating that students’ results on LäSt increased with each administration. There was no difference in retest-effect between boys and girls, students in year 4 and year 6, or monolingual and multilingual students. A significant difference emerged between students who had a very low word decoding ability (poor decoders) and those who had a very high word decoding ability (good decoders). Poor decoders showcased a stronger retest-effect on the sub-test Words than good decoders. No such effect was found for the sub-test Non-words. 

    The current results indicate that repeated testing with LäSt yields improved results over time due to familiarity. These findings have implications for how one should interpret students’ test scores over time, as well as how often LäSt should be administered. The findings and their implications are further discussed in relation to previous research. 

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  • 45.
    Henriksson, Linn
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Svensson, Linnea
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lärare och föräldrar: En intervjustudie om relationen mellan lärare och föräldrar2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The school is in constant development. Parents are increasingly engaged in their childrens'  school performance. New demands emerge on the relationship between teachers and parents. And this also affects the teachers' mental work environment. This study therefore aims to examine teachers' perception of their relationship with the parents. Partly how they perceive the relationship and partly how the teachers perceive that their mental work environment is affected by this relationship. Seven active teachers have been interviewed, four who work in the upper secondary school and three who work in high school. The interviews were semi-structured and the material was compiled through a content analysis. The study showed, among other things, that the teachers' perception of the meeting with parents was mostly positive and unproblematic. The study also discuss situations when this was not the case. There was a certain difference between high school and upper secondary school teachers. The high school teachers in the study both have and feel that they have more demands on parenting. What was important for good mental work environment were good parent relationships and support from colleagues at work. Common to many of the informants was that there was a desire for even more contact with parents', in order to favor the child's schooling and performance.

     

    Keywords: teachers, parents, school, mental work environment

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  • 46.
    Hernandez, Alice
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lundgren, Fanny
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Uppfattning om våldsamma spel och könsskillnad i relation till aggression2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 47.
    Hilmersson, Fredrik
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Självstereotypering efter hotad könsidentitet: En tvärkulturell jämförelse av män och kvinnor i Argentina och Sverige2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med den föreliggande studien var att undersöka om kvinnor och män efter en hotad könsidentitet framställde sig själva som mer könsstereotypt kvinnligt respektive manligt. Dessutom undersöktes skillnader av könsidentitetshot utifrån en tvärkulturell jämförelse mellan män och kvinnor i Argentina och Sverige. De hypoteser som låg till grund för undersökningen var följande: (1) Både män och kvinnor framställer sig mer könsstereotypt manligt respektive kvinnligt efter att deras könsidentitet blivit hotad (2) Det finns tvärkulturella skillnader beträffande självstereotypering efter hotad könsidentitet mellan Argentina och Sverige. Data från 242 studenter (121 kvinnor och 121 män) samlades in med hjälp av dels ett paradigm för könsidentitetshot och dels av en skala som syftade till att mäta graden av självstereotypering. Deltagarna i Argentina och Sverige tillhörde samhällsinriktade utbildningar. Där de argentinska deltagarna studerade vid ett universitet i Buenos Aires och de svenska vid Lunds universitet. Det visade sig att det fanns en signifikant effekt mellan självstereotypering och kön, vilket innebär att det finns en effekt generellt för både män och kvinnor efter en hotad könsidentitet. Självstereotypering efter en hotad könsidentitet kunde inte förklaras enbart utifrån kultur. Däremot fanns det en interaktionseffekt mellan de experimentella betingelserna och kultur. Utifrån resultaten i undersökning kan man diskutera om ett hot gentemot ens könsidentitet bör betecknas som ett s.k. maskulinitetshot som implicerar ett upplevt hot gentemot maskulina egenskaper.

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  • 48.
    Ho, Fan Lung
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Self-determination theory: The roles of emotion and trait mindfulness in motivation2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Within the framework of Self-determination theory, influences of emotions on motivation are largely neglected. And when considering the recent findings that mindfulness is associated with emotional management, it is unknown how mindfulness may buffer emotions in relation to autonomous and controlled motivations. The present study examined the relationship between the two dimensions of emotion (i.e., pleasantness and arousal) and relative autonomous-oriented motivation, and the moderation effect of trait mindfulness on such relationship. A hundred and seventy-one students of a Swedish university participated in the survey. It was found that pleasantness, arousal and trait mindfulness were correlated positively with relative autonomous-oriented motivation, and that trait mindfulness moderated the relationship between pleasantness and the motivation. The findings suggest that pleasant and arousal emotions, and dispositional mindfulness may have positive effects on autonomous motivation.

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  • 49.
    Hull, Sebastian
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Avdic, Enes
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Alkoholkonsumtion: Kan det prediceras av personlighetsegenskaper, BIS/BAS, kön och ålder?2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate whether personality factors (from the five-factor model), BIS/BAS, gender and age could predict students' alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is a major problem today, contributing to 3 million deaths each year globally and leading to disability and poor health for millions of people. The study used a correlational design and data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The sample consisted of 184 university students (77% women) from three different programs at Linnaeus University in Kalmar and Växjö. The correlation analysis showed significant relationships between alcohol consumption and independent variables, with the strongest effect being a moderately strong positive relationship between BAS Fun Seeking and alcohol consumption. The multiple regression analysis (MRA) showed that age, gender, BAS Fun Seeking and extraversion could predict alcohol consumption, which was consistent with the study's hypotheses and previous research. The result from the current study provides a better understanding of which variables can predict alcohol consumption and expands knowledge in the field, which can be useful for future health programs.

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  • 50.
    Hult, Henrik
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Dang, Denny
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health, Social Work and Behavioural Sciences, School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science.
    Den personliga konflikten2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the Big Five personality traits Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism and the five conflict styles developed by Thomas-Kilmann: Accommodating, Avoiding, Compromising, Collaborating and Competing. The participants consisted of 128 students of the Linnaeus University in Växjö. A questionnaire consisting of two parts were used for this study: Part one consist of a personality-test developed from Lewis R. Goldberg’s Big-five scale, and part two where the participant is asked to fill out Thomas-Kilmanns conflict style test. Significant results, calculated with Bonferroni’s correction, were found between Extraversion-Accommodating (negative), Extraversion-Avoiding (negative) and Agreeableness-Collaborating (positive). These correlations were still significant with the participants’ gender equate, which indicate the importance of personality in the study of conflict style.

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