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  • 151. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Heck, M
    Brunold, S
    Frei, U
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Möller, K
    Advanced procedure for the assessment of the life time of solar absorber coatings2004In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 84(1-4), p. 275-289Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 152. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Heck, M
    Brunold, S
    Frei, U
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Möller, K
    Gebrauchsdauerabschätzung von Solarabsorbern2004In: Symposium Thermische Solarenergie, Tagungsband 14,, Bad Staffelstein, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 153. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Heck, M
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Möller, K
    Frei, U
    Brunold, S
    Development of accelerated life testing procedures for solar absorber coatings1999In: Proceedings from International Conference on Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials July, Oxford, 1999Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 154. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Heck, M
    Frei, U
    Brunold, S
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Möller, K
    Svendssen, S
    Holck, O
    Oversloot, H
    Jorgensen, G
    Materials in Solar Thermal Collectors2000In: Proceedings of EUROSUN conference 2000 June, Copenhagen, 2000Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 155. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Heck, M
    Trötcher, T
    Frei, U
    Brunold, S
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Albinson, B
    Svendsen, S
    Holck, O
    de Geus, A
    Oversloot, H
    Measurement of microclimatic data in solar thermal collectors1997In: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Solar Energy at High Latitudes - North Sun ´97 June, Espoo-Otaniemi, Finland, 1997Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 156. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Jorgensen, G
    Brunold, S
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Heck, M
    Möller, K
    Life-time estimation of polymeric glazing materials for solar applications2005In: Proc. of 10th Conference on Durability of Materials and Constructions April, Lyon, 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 157. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Jorgensen, G
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Heck, M
    Möller, K
    Durability of Polymeric Glazing Materials for Solar Applications2005In: Journal of Solar Energy, Vol. 79Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 158. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Kübler, V
    Tröscher, T
    Frei, U
    Brunold, S
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Möller, K
    de Geus, A
    Oversloot, H
    Svendsen, S
    Holck, O
    Materialen in solarthermischeen Kollektoren1997In: 7. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie April, Staffelstein, 1997Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 159. Köhl, M
    et al.
    Möller, K
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Frei, U
    Dolley, P.
    Hutchins, Michael
    Nijnatten, P.A.
    Havinga, J
    Gonzales, A
    Tanemura, S.
    Round Robin Test Results of the Temperature Stability of a Black Chrome Coating1990In: Proc. of SPIE Conference March, Hague, The Netherlands, 1990Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 160. Moller, Kenneth
    et al.
    Bäckman, Anna
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Palm, Magnus
    Al-Malaika, Sahar
    Sheena, Husam
    Lakin, Elizabeth
    Kockott, Dieter
    Dawid, Bernd
    Kortmann, Wolfgang
    Bechtold, Karl
    Simonin, Jacques
    Hilt, Michael
    Domnick, Joachim
    Michels, Dirk
    Nagel, Axel
    Wunsch, Manfred
    Hvit Wernstål, Karin
    Innovative Measurement Methodology in Quality Assessment of Coatings2009In: Service Life Prediction of Polymeric Materials / [ed] J W Martin, R A Ryntz, J Chin, R A Dickie, New York: Springer, 2009, p. 229-240Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 161. Möller, K
    et al.
    Bäckman, A
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Palm, Magnus
    Al-Malaika, S
    Sheena, H
    Lakin, E
    Kockott, D
    Dawid, B
    Kortmann, W
    Bechtold, K
    Simonin, J
    Hilt, M
    Domnick, J
    Michels, D
    Nagel, A
    Wunsch, M
    Hvit Wernstål, K
    Innovative Measurement Methodology in Quality Assessment of Coatings2005In: Proc. of 2nd European Weathering Symposium June, Gothenburg, 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 162. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Accelerated Weathering of Solar Facade Materials2000Report (Other academic)
  • 163. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    An Investigation of the Corrosivity of the Outdoor Climate and the Micro Climate Inside Solar Collec-tors Using Metal Coupons: A Comparison Between Test Sites in Sweden and Switzerland1996In: Proc. of the Conference Eurosun 96 Sept, Freiburg ,Germany, 1996Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 164. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Effects of Sulphur Dioxide on the Durability of Selective Nickel Pigmented Aluminium Oxide Absorber Coatings1991In: Proc. of IES 37th ATM May, San Diego, USA, 1991Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 165. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Qualification tests of absorber coatings with respect to thermal stability, resistance to humidity involving condensation, and resistance to atmospheric corrosivity (SO2)1995In: Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Vol. Interim report for IEA SHC WG Materials in Solar Thermal Collectors, FebArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 166. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Results of round robin test on qualification of absorber surface durability - Swedish contribution1997Report (Other academic)
  • 167. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Andersson, B L
    Measurements of Microclimatic Parameters in Solar Thermal Collectors: Determination of cor-rosivity using metal coupons1998Report (Other academic)
  • 168. Möller, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Andersson, B-L
    Determination of Corrosivity Inside and Outside Solar Thermal Collectors Using Standard Metal Coupons: A comparison between test sites in five European countries2004In: Proceedings of Scandinavian Corrosion Congress 13 NMK April, Reykavik, Iceland, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 169. Palm, Magnus
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Design and evaluation of weathering tests including acid rain2000In: Proceedings of 220th ACS Meeting August, Washington, 2000Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 170. Palm, Magnus
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Development and analysis of accelerated artificial weathering tests for automotive coatings1998In: SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, Vol. SP-Report 1998:33Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 171. Palm, Magnus
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    New Accelerated Weathering Test Including Acid Rain2002In: Journal of Coating Technology, Vol. 74(924), p. 69-74Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 172. Palm, Magnus
    et al.
    Heale, B
    Cedheim, L
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Development and evaluation of method for assessment of surface cleanliness in respect of oil and grease residues on metals1997In: SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, Vol. SP-AR 1997:19Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 173. Palm, Magnus
    et al.
    Mattsson, Håkan
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Assessment of oil and grease residues on metal surfaces by use of the Bresle method1996Report (Other academic)
  • 174.
    Persson, Helena
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.
    Perers, Bengt
    DTU.
    Development and validation of a TRNSYS/TRNSED-software for combi-heating systems2013Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a need for accurate and readily available information about theoptimization, economics, and environmental impacts of combi-heating systems.Accordingly, the authors have developed TRNSYS-based software called Flexifuel thatincludes a TRNSED application for calculating the annual system performance ofcombi-heating systems involving any combination of heat pumps, flat or vacuumtube solar collectors, pellet burners, electric auxiliary heaters, and heatstorage tanks. Selection of less complex software systems and types reduces thesimulation time without significantly affecting the accuracy of the results.Annual performance data for a system can be simulated in from one to twominutes. Comparison of accumulated theoretical and measured performance dataover the time period for a full-scale test plant with heat pumps and solarcollectors showed that simulation errors were below 5%.

  • 175.
    Persson, Helena
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environmental Science.
    Perers, Bengt
    DTU, Lyngby, Denmark.
    Optimization of pellet-solar combisystems for buildings using a DoE approachManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A DoE investigation using factorial and response-surface designs to analyze a solar–pellet combisystem in Sweden to optimize the system based on energy cost was performed. The same approach was also used to examine collector output energy. Investigated parameters were: building heating load, hot tap water consumption, collector flow rate, tank size, collector area, and estimated wood pellet cost. Cost- and performance-based regression equations were derived for optimal collector area and tank size for a range of buildings, providing tools for individual building solar combisystem sizing and optimization. Tank set-point temperature and estimated future pellet price were subjected to sensitivity analysis, and the influence of solar collector parameters and tank insulation level on profitability was investigated. The results indicate that a larger than expected collector area would be profitable due to inflation and the future price of pellets, and that tank size is less important to system profitability. However, tank insulation and set-point temperature were highly significant.

  • 176.
    Persson, Helena
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences.
    Perers, Bengt
    Department of Civil Engineering DTU.
    Hjort, Åke
    Olsson, Per
    TEST PLANT AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS FOR DESIGN OF COMBI-HEATING SYSTEMS FOR LARGE BUILDINGS2010Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In design, control and installation of combined heating systems with solar energy utilization various tools are required in assuring rationality and cost effectiveness. A project was therefore initiated to develop such tools involving (a) building of a full scale plant for tests of combined heating systems containing solar collectors, pellet boilers, heat pumps and heat stores, (b) evaluation of system performance for some combined heating systems with varying control strategies through measurement, and (c) development of a user-friendly data soft ware tool for evaluating system performance of the kind of combined heating systems studied.

    Results so far include building of the test plant and start of measurements of system and component thermal performance making use of the test plant. A TRNSYS deck of the system has been designed, and will be used for further investigations. From the results it can be concluded that user-friendly TRNSED data software would be possible to accomplish for calculation of thermal performance but also of economy, and climatic performance of combi-heating systems to best serve the needs expressed by the industrial partners of the project.

  • 177.
    Persson, Helena
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences.
    Perers, Bengt
    DTU.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences.
    Type12 and Type56: a load structure comparison in TRNSYS2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 178. Prates, M L
    et al.
    Nunes, C
    Carvalho, M J
    Teixeira, V
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    On the qualification of multiplayer thin film coatings2003In: Proceedings 1st International Meeting of Sciences and Technology of Design "Senses and Sensibility in Technology - Linking Tradition to Innovation through Design" September, Lisbon, Portugal, 2003Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 179.
    Sandberg, Dick
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Azoulay, Michel
    Baudin, Anders
    Blom, Åsa
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences.
    Eliasson, Lars
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Johansson, Jimmy
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Kifetew, Girma
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Nilsson, Bengt
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Nilsson, Daniel
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Nilsson, Jonaz
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Nordvall, Hans-Olof
    Thörnqvist, Thomas
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering.
    Utvändiga träfasader: Inverkan av materialval, konstruktion och ytbehandling på beständigheten hos fasader av gran och tall2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The external façade must give expression to a building through both design and colour, and it must also protect the insulating layers in the wall from external influences. These functions can be fulfilled by almost all materials. If wood is to be competitive in this context, the wood material, the façade design and the surface treatment system must be chosen and interact in such a way that the façade is given a long life with little need for maintenance. A wooden façade will then in a broad sense be both economically and aesthetically attractive for the user.

    This study illustrates the state of knowledge regarding the outdoor use of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) facings above ground. Specifically, it deals with the use of wooden facings with regard to the choice of material, façade design, surface treatment and recycling. The market demands wooden facing systems, and the requirements emphasized by the actors on the market, e.g. the builders, real estate administrators, architects, designers, frame suppliers, contractors and representatives for the single-family timber housing industry can be summed up as follows:

    • There must be a specified life-time and given time intervals for maintenance of the wooden facings. (Shall be similar to those of competitive materials)
    • The supplier of the facing system should shoulder the long-term responsibility for its maintenance.
    • Flexibility, the supplier shall be able to replace or renovate the facings when necessary.
    • Building requirements, the wooden facing materials must be able to interact with other, specially fire-classified, materials.
    • The facing system shall have an attractive appearance.

    The primary market for the new facing systems should be multi-family houses but not necessarily multi-family houses of wood. The focus shall lie in the flexibility of the facing system in architectural expression, and in relation to other materials and systems. New building is important, but the million program, renovation and additions (ROT) and greater energy efficiency are also important spheres.

    The Swedish market is small (currently ca. 70 000 m3 wood for façades), but it should nevertheless be given priority before the Nordic countries, and thereafter Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The literature describes more or less well-founded recommendations for prolonging the life of wooden facing materials and extending their maintenance intervals, although some of the recommendations are directly conflicting.

    Many details relating to materials choice, façade design and surface treatment are important for the durability of wooden facings. It is difficult to separate the most important factors, but without taking into consideration aspects such as costs, availability and other factors of a practical nature, the following key factors can be identified as important for an environmentally correct and durable façade of pinewood or spruce:

    Choice of material

    • The wood shall have a high proportion of heartwood, preferably exclusively heartwood
    • The wood shall have vertical annual rings.

    Handling from forest to the façade

    • The wood shall be handled so that it does not suffer mechanical damage or microbial attack, or become wet or soiled, i.e. a rapid and correct handling with good packaging.

    Design

    • The façade shall start at least 30 cm above the ground level.
    • The façade shall be ventilated so that moisture can rapidly dry out. Ventilation of the space behind the facing is an easy way of achieving this.
    • Water run-off – no horizontal surfaces.
    • Flexibility –both in the construction and in the architectural design. There is a demand for facing systems which can be simply “hung onto” existing buildings.

    Surface treatment

    • Sealed end-grain sections – sealing of the end-grain surface to prevent moisture absorption into the wood is decisive for the life-time of the wood material. Nailing can open up new end-grain surfaces and should thus be carried out carefully and only after due consideration.
    • Rounded edges – increase the covering ability of paint and reduce the risk of mechanical damage to the facing boards.
    • Choice of surface treatment – vital for the performance of the facings. The wooden facings shall be delivered as part of the complete maintenance package.

    Nowadays there are many types of surface treatment where nano-technology is used to create an added value in a surface compared with what the more traditional products can offer. Nano-based surface-treatment products are already on the market, and they are said to make the surfaces dirt- and water-repellent, to prevent the growth of algae, fungi and moss, to improve UV- and temperature-resistance and colour permanence, to improve scratch- and abrasion-resistance, and to have anti-graffiti qualities etc. However, most of these products are new and for some of them there are still question marks with regard to their long-term performance and technical life-time, as well as their serviceability and thereto related economy seen from a life-cycle perspective for the product or system for which the surface treatment constitutes only a part.

    A cost analysis carried out as a part of the study makes the assessment that the new nano-technology-based surface-treatment systems could lead at most to a reduction of 15 %. in maintenance costs. The assumption is then that the façade needs to be cleaned every fifth or seventh year when a traditional painting system is used.

    According to the Swedish Standard, recovered wood from a wooden façade is defined as tree fuel and is generally designated recycled wood or, when the material is in a disintegrated form, as recycled chips,

    There is a major problem in recovering energy from recycled wood when a part of the material has been treated in some way, e.g. impregnated with a wood-protection agent or surface-treated, or when it contains other design components of e.g. plastic or metal. Recycled chips are a very good fuel for energy recovery provided the plant has adequate flue-gas cleaning and the ash is handled in a correct manner. Contaminated ash constitutes a problem, since it is classified as dangerous waste and cannot therefore be returned to the forest. If the content of heavy metals is not too high, the ash can be used as a covering and filling material. Otherwise, the ash must be deposited as landfill. A better sorting of household waste and an overhaul of the regulations would mean that the cleaned recycled wood could be burned in conventional biofuel boilers and that the contaminated portion could be burned separately.

     

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  • 180. Stymne, Hans
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Schmidt, Anders
    Experimental testing of a latent heat store with direct contact reflux boiling heat exchanging1985Report (Other academic)
  • 181. Stymne, Hans
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Wettermark, Gunnar
    Chemical Storage of Energy1978In: "Solar Energy North Sun 50"; SEAS International Conference, Stockholm, 1978Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 182. Velen Flogård, A
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Lundin, Leif
    Ruud, Svein
    Rökkanaler av metall - korrosionsprovningsmetod med omväxlande förbränning av ved och olja2004Report (Other academic)
  • 183. Wernståhl, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Durability assessment of automotive coatings - Design and evaluation of accelerated tests1997In: Journal of Coatings Technology, Vol. 69(65)Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 184. Wernståhl, K
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Long term durability of painted wooden window frames - Result from comparative study five different organic coating system1992Report (Other academic)
  • 185. Wettermark, Gunnar
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Department of Physical Chemistry, The Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm 70, Sweden.
    Photochromic materials1974In: Svensk Naturvetenskap (Swedish), Vol. 1974Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 186. Wettermark, Gunnar
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Stymne, Hans
    Storage of Heat - A Survey of Efforts and Possibilities1979Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Various methods are described for storing heat. Topic areas discussed include the following: the role of heat storage in different energy systems; heat storage with passive and active solar heat systems; sensible heat; latent heat - phase change; thermochemical reactions; the American program for storage of heat. 

  • 187. Wettermark, Gunnar
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Stymne, Hans
    Storage of Low-temperature Heat in Salt Hydrate Melts - Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate1978Report (Other academic)
  • 188. Wettermark, Gunnar
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Stymne, Hans
    The chemical heat pump1978In: VVS-tidningen (Swedish), Vol. 1978:4Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 189. Wettermark, Gunnar
    et al.
    Carlsson, Bo
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences.
    Stymne, Hans
    The Chemical Heat Pump1978In: Solar Energy North 50", SEAS International Conference, Stockholm, 1978Conference paper (Refereed)
1234 151 - 189 of 189
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