Inom bild- och bildkonstämnet har sparsamhet och återvinning ständigt varit en grundläggande del. På grund av de globala klimatfrågorna har hållbar utveckling blivit aktuellt inom alla livsområden, utbildningsnivåer och läroämnen. Denna studie fokuserar på värdet av bild- och bildkonstutbildning som ett komplext verktyg för att lyfta fram hållbar utveckling och dess miljöaspekter. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka möjligheter två bild- och bildkonstlärare, från Sverige och Finland, ser på ämnet i relation till miljöundervisning. Studien fokuserar på två lärares uppfattningar om bild- och bildkonstämnets möjligheter samt de värderingar som styr urvalet för innehållet. Resultatet visar att ämnet bild- och bildkonst har många olika möjligheter när det gäller undervisning inom hållbarhet som ett verktyg för att få fram de nya perspektiv som konst kan erbjuda. Avslutningsvis visade studien att lärares intresse för miljöfrågor ger dem mer inspiration, dock påverkar detta inte direkt innehållet i undervisningen.

Abstract

This study examines the approaches used by teachers to motivate their pupils to read and investigates what underlying factors they claim may explain why pupils feel no motivation to read. The study was conducted from the perspective of five active teachers, with data collection by interview. The study found that the interviewed teachers use psychological support as well as structured teaching such as reading aloud and book talks, along with a varied range of methods, to motivate their pupils to read. The interviewed teachers state that there must be motivation if a pupil is to become a good reader, and it is very important that pupils receive support from adults, both at home and in school. According to the teachers, pupils lose motivation if they are given texts that are too difficult for them to understand, or if other stimuli motivate them more than reading does. The attitude of parents or guardians to reading is also emphasized as significant for motivation, and hence for pupils’ reading development.

This study examines the approaches used by teachers to motivate their pupils to read and investigates what underlying factors they claim may explain why pupils feel no motivation to read. The study was conducted from the perspective of five active teachers, with data collection by interview. The study found that the interviewed teachers use psychological support as well as structured teaching such as reading aloud and book talks, along with a varied range of methods, to motivate their pupils to read. The interviewed teachers state that there must be motivation if a pupil is to become a good reader, and it is very important that pupils receive support from adults, both at home and in school. According to the teachers, pupils lose motivation if they are given texts that are too difficult for them to understand, or if other stimuli motivate them more than reading does. The attitude of parents or guardians to reading is also emphasized as significant for motivation, and hence for pupils’ reading development.

The aim of this essay is to find out how parents with children in primary school feel about the art subject. The essay also includes whether the parents are aware of the art subject´s purpose according to the curriculum and how they feel about the art related programs available at high school. The chosen methods to collect the parent's answers are interviews and surveys. The socio-cultural theory is the basis for the theory chapter, due to its focus on different socio-cultural groups. This can be of good use for this essay since the parents come from different socio-cultural groups.

The essay's results are based on 103 survey responses and three interviews with unknown individuals - all of whom have children in primary school. The results conclude that a slight majority of the parents who had a positive attitude towards the aesthetic subjects also has an education at university level. The parents who themselves did not like visual arts in primary school or opposed the subject, lacked a university education to some extent or were in most cases educated in natural science fields such as nurses and doctors. 

Titel                                   

”Det beror ju på vad man vill lägga i ordet register” Petra Stenkula

En fallstudie av polisens externa kriskommunikation i samband med romregistret

Syfte             

Syftet är att lämna ett bidrag till den svenska forskningen om kriskommunikation men även att bidra till den svenska samhällsdebatten om polisen som en central rättsmyndighet och deras hantering av romregisterkrisen.

Metod          

Via en kvalitativ metod analysers nyheter publicerade på polisens webbplats och polisens presskonferenser utifrån de valda teoretiska ramarna inom ämnet kriskommunikation.

Resultat        

Polisens kriskommunikation framstår som väldigt strategilös, under hela krisen ägnar sig polisen åt                               informationsinsamling för att förstår krisen och få en överblick över situationen men under tiden glömmer                     de den strategiska delen. Polisen är väldigt restriktiv i sin kriskommunikation, på webbplatsen är nyhetspubliceringarna rörande romregistret väldigt korta och konkreta, vissa är rena informationsanvisningar. Polisen förde även en inkonsekvent kriskommunikation, när Rikspolisstyrelsen pratade om analysfil som inte var i fas med lagstiftningen så pratade Skånepolisen om beslut ifrån år 2009 om tillstånd att upprätta den särskilda analysfilen. I sin kriskommunikation använder polisen många olika försvarsstrategier ifrån Corporate Apologia och Image Repair Theory. Strategierna som användes för att upprätthålla image var för många och olika för att uppfattas som trovärdiga medan polisen utförde i teorin en perfekt apologia. Polisen beklagade situationen, berättade om vilka åtgärder som skulle utföras och Justitiekanslern beslutade om kompensation till de drabbade.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka i vilken utsträckning elever anser att de använde musikteoriämnet under ensemblelektioner på musiklinjen på gymnasiet, samt om och i så fall hur eleverna anser att teoretiska kunskaper påverkade deras ensemblespel. Det andra syftet var att ta reda på i vilken utsträckning elever anser att deras lärare i ensemble samtalade med dem om hur musikteorin kan användas på ensemblelektionerna. Genom enkätundersökning samlades data om detta in från elever på gymnasiet. Dessa data granskades sedan med hjälp av den sociokulturella teorin. Respondenterna svarade väldigt olika på hur vanligt det är att de själva använder musikteorin under ensemblelektionerna. Många svarade att de händer ganska ofta medan ungefär lika många svarade att det händer ganska sällan. Elevernas svar visar att när musikteorin används så sker det icke-verbalt. I en närmare granskning visade det sig att majoriteten av eleverna ansåg att de olika moment ur musikteorin enkäten frågade om används inget eller sällan under ensemblelektionen. En stor majoritet av eleverna sa själva att det dem lärde sig på musikteorilektionerna utvecklade dem som musiker och att många delar ur musikteorins kursplan var viktiga för deras spel i ensemblen. 

Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka hur musikteorilärare på gymnasiet arbetar med ämnet musikteori genom observationer av lektioner och intervjuer med lärare. Fokus ligger på att granska utrymmet som ges till elevsamarbete, användandet av digitala verktyg samt hur lärarna relaterar ämnet till elevernas praktiska användande. Detta har undersökts genom att först observera musikteorilärare under lektionstillfällen för att hitta intressanta aspekter av deras undervisning, inspirerat av metoden grounded theory. Sedan intervjuades dessa musikteorilärare närmre om just de aspekter som ansågs intressanta. I arbetets analysdel relateras sedan lärarnas svar till en teori om lärande som kallas Collaborative learning. Inom denna teori är grupparbete, ofta assisterat med digitala verktyg mycket viktigt, vilket är relevant för detta arbete. Under intervjuerna berättade en av de två intervjuade lärarna att grupparbeten var väldigt vanliga och att digitala verktyg användes ofta i undervisningen. Den andre läraren berättade motsatsen: grupparbeten skedde sällan och digitala verktyg hade provats under lektionstillfällen, men med otillfredsställande resultat. Båda lärarna relaterade musikteoriämnet till elevernas praktiska användande.

Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka läsförståelsestrategier utifrån datorprogrammen Bingel och SvenskaPortal samt verksamma lärares syn och tankar kring dessa. Studien genomförs via textanalyser av datorprogrammen och semistrukturerade personliga intervjuer med två verksamma lärare och tar sin utgångspunkt i det sociokulturella perspektivet. Studien utgår utifrån ett abduktivt förhållningssätt och pendlar mellan empiri och teori för att fastställa ett resultat. Resultatet av frågeställningarna sammanställs utifrån transkriberade intervjuer och analyser av datorprogrammen. I resultatet framkommer det att enbart Bingel tillhandahåller läsförståelsestrategier vilka är memoreringsstrategier. Resultatet för SvenskaPortal omfattar inga övningar där läsförståelsestrategier krävs eller övas, däremot övas bland annat ordförståelse. I resultatet framkommer det också att de båda verksamma lärarna har en varierande syn på arbetet med datorprogram där de lyfter flexibiliteten och möjligheten till självgående arbete under specifika tillfällen, till exempel under läsläxan. De intervjuade lärarna använder SvenskaPortal sporadiskt medan Bingel används kontinuerligt. Lärarna lyfter även negativa aspekter som att eleverna enbart klickar sig fram och inte gör det de ska.

Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka hur elevers berättande texterpåverkas av att skriva med bild som inspirationskälla och utan. Elevernastexter genomgår en textanalys där de två texterna analyseras utifrån dess längd,röd tråd och struktur samt formord och innehållsord för att vidare jämföras. Vidare lyfts sex elevers tankar och åsikter gällande de två metoderna genomintervjuer. Utifrån studiens frågeställningar sammanställs texternas analyseroch elevernas transkriberade intervjuer för att senare presenteras i resultatet. Studiens teoretiska ram har sin utgångspunkt i intermediala studier som vidarekopplas till det resultat studien presenterar. Det framkommer i resultatet att detexter eleverna skriver utan bilden innehåller fler formord och innehållsordsamt att en högre procent av eleverna uppvisar en tydlig struktur och en rödtråd. Vidare visar resultatet att eleverna skriver längre texter med bilden. Tvåelever hade valt att skriva med en bild som inspirationskälla igen om de fåttchansen, detta för att utmana sig, dock ansåg alla intervjuade elever att det varsvårare att skriva med en bild som inspiration.

Depuis au moins 17 ans la matière scolaire la langue française baisse en popularité au lycée suédois. Pendant la même période, des sondages internationaux comme l’enquête PISA ont montré que l’école suédoise n’accomplit pas de bons résultats. C’est la politique scolaire qui par ses directives forme le développement de l’enseignement, et, par conséquent, les connaissances chez les étudiants. Les directives très importantes pour les professeurs sont les plans d’études (en suédois ämnesplaner), et ceux-ci devraient être des soutiens pour les professeurs dans leur enseignement.

Ceci dit, comment se porte le français, une des langues vivantes?

Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à trouver comment le plan d’études pour les langues vivantes a influencé l’enseignement du français au lycée. La méthode utilisée est qualitative et phénoménologique. Nous avons étudié un nombre de documents sur le sujet pour obtenir une image factuelle.  Pour compléter l’étude nous avons également interviewé trois professeurs avec une grande expérience de l’enseignement. L’objectif était d’obtenir leurs points de vue sur l’importance qu’ils donnent aux plans directifs.

Les résultats ont montré que le plan d’études actuel donne aux  professeurs une grande liberté sur comment former leurs enseignements. Comme conséquence, cette possibilité est favorable aux enseignants expérimentés mais elle donne moins de soutiens aux enseignants novices.  Nous pouvons aussi constater que ce manque de cursus consultatif peut apporter un enseignement moins efficace, surtout quand le système scolaire suédois manque de professeurs diplômés. En outre, après avoir étudié  des rapports sur la situation des langues vivantes, nous avons remarqué qu’il semble y avoir un manque de volonté politique de fortifier ces langues.     

Teachers need to continuously develop their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) proficiency to keep up with the rapid development of technology, and the COVID-19 pandemic has only made this more apparent. This study aims to understand how EFL-teachers exercise their teacher agency and adapt their teaching in an environment where ICT is the basis for their teaching. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six upper secondary school teachers and then analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed a significant decrease in professional development as a result of reduced contact between colleagues. Most teachers have focused on developing their toolspecific skills. Adaption of teaching strategies has seen the most success in the teaching of writing proficiency. Most teachers are familiar with integrating technology with writing. Most teachers have found strategies to increase the accessibility of information as well as increased clarity of tasks. However, teachers have found it difficult to motivate students who have a hard time working on their own. They have also found it difficult to follow students’ progress in more extensive tasks.

It is not surprising that the massive Syrian and Afghanistan immigration three years ago, has changed their view towards Islam rules in their new identity creating. But what has been changed? That was my first question in this essay and the answers I got was rules concerned alcohol, prayer, mosque visits and food rules. All this rules requires someone to influence them to take a stand, which lead us to the next question, about how hegemony was exhibited as a factor in how my respondents answered the first question. The theory of hegemony was the analysis instrument of this study and gave me a hypothesis that hegemony probably had something to do with the change of rules, and it had. All these things that I mentioned as changed rules in their new land demands a personal asset and to be legitimized by someone who represents the hegemony.  In order for the hegemony to continue it has to be anonymous and lead for example friends or teachers. It is visible how my respondents talked about matters that had to do with how the changes where in their common sense, where probably hegemony has the strongest attachment, but also how they thought that they made own choices, was also the choice that the hegemony had done before them. Although I took into account the need to be a part of a group, here it showed how the Muslims was included in a group that only had premises from hegemony standard points. The answers for my result was given to me by six secondary school students by semi structured interviews.

I det här projektet har jag som mål att bryta ner och visualisera ämnet konsumtionssamhälle med hjälp utav motion design. Mitt syfte är att skapa förståelse, diskussion och väcka tankar kring ett samhälle som ofta tas för givet. Genom research letar jag efter starka koncept att visualisera, jag bryter ner ämnet i tre kategorier (varför, effekter, lösningar). Resultatet är ett antal animationer som ska kunna ses individuellt eller som en helhet. Jag redovisar min process och återkopplar till projektet. 

Ingen vet var hon kommer ifrån eller att hon snart ska spela huvudrollen i en uråldrig profetia; allra minst hon själv.

17-åriga Amelia har aldrig passat in i Ljusets systraskap. Hon älskar spänning och äventyr, inte broderier och körsång. I flera år har hon sparat silvermynt från tjuvjaktsbyten för att börja om någon annanstans. Men så en natt träffar hon den mystiska Gabriel – vars sneda leende följer henne ända in i drömmen – och helt plötsligt förändras allt. Ingenting är längre säkert … ingenting förutom att världen som hon känner till den kommer att gå under.

Abstract

Studiens syfte är att undersöka lågstadielärares erfarenheter av användningen av transspråkande i svenskämnet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i studien är det sociokulturella perspektivet med fokus på scaffolding, proximalautvecklingszonen och de medierande redskapen. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer av fyra lågstadielärare med erfarenheter av transpråkande i sin undervisning. Intervjuerna har bearbetats med hjälp av innehållsanalys för att på så sätt urskilja likheter och skillnader i lärarnasundervisning samt kunna se vad som är vanligt förekommande med transpråkande som arbetssätt. Det som framkom från intervjuerna och kunde belysas med hjälp av innehållsanalysen var att lärarna använder sig av olika hjälpmedel för att möjliggöra transspråkande i undervisningen såsom handledare, dator, lexikon. Digitala hjälpmedel så som olika appar, lärosajter på internet och google translate tycks vara det som används mestadels vid transspråkande. Nyanlända elever verkar vara dem elever som transpråkande används mest med för att utveckla deras svenska språket. Av resultatet går det också att urskilja olika utveckling hos elever genom användandet av transpråkande. De tar till sig olika ämnesbegrepp och uppnår en högrekunskapsutveckling. Studiens resultat visar att transpråkande i svenskundervisning gynnar flerspråkiga elevernas utveckling och stärker deras självförtroende. Transspråkande beskrivs som en förutsättning för att lyckas i svenskämnet särskilt för nyanlända elever.

This article discusses the difference between identifying and classifying attributes and analyzes the problematic implications if we confuse the two. The empirical material consists of Gallic stone reliefs depicting goddesses with a wheel as attribute. Male deities depicted with wheels have mainly been identified as a Celtic Jupiter or a male sky god sometimes called Taranis. The Gallic goddesses show that the wheel attribute was not an identifying attribute exclusive to this god, but that it rather served as a marker for an activity shared by several deities, both male and female. The articles argument that we need to distinguish between identifying and classifying attributes in order to make a source critical and methodological correct iconographical interpretation, especially when we interpret iconographical representation without the aid of any written sources.

Named weapons of different origin and purpose occur in the Old Norse mythology, and some of them are better known than others: Thor's hammer Mjolnir and Odin's spear Gungnir, just to name a few. But named weapons are also present in the more mundane Icelandic sagas, and it suggests that the practice of giving individual names to objects was something that occurred among real people in the Viking society. The named swords, spears and axes, which we can read about in the Icelandic sagas, are not portrayed as especially supernatural. They are, however, sometimes talked about in a special way and considered to be extraordinary in one way or another.What kind of name did people give to weapons, and what might have been the purposes for doing so? It is possible that some weapons told a story through their names and that they because of that also brought fame and glory to their owners. It is also conceivable, considered how some of the swords and spears are described in the Icelandic sagas, that named weapons were seen as almost life-like. This paper discusses some thoughts regarding named weapons in the sagas, the purposes for giving names, and if this practise might tell us something about how people in the Viking age viewed these named, possibly presumed life-like, objects.

The sustainability crisis of society, e.g. environmental crises, democratic crises, poverty, financial crises, armed conflicts, etc. Obviously, journalism has a crucial role to play here since it contributes greatly to the public agenda, as well as people’s understanding – and hence the handling – of such challenges. The sustainability crisis of journalism itself, which stems from lower advertising, decreasing subsidies for public service media, falling consumption, lack of trust in media among citizens, and fierce competition from online information brokers and advertising.

The complex reality of today requires this kind of integrated journalistic approach in order to uphold the democratic function and not least the legitimacy of professional journalism. Consequently, journalism’s response to the sustainability challenges can be seen as a prerequisite for the future sustainability of journalism itself, ranging from high-quality, in-depth coverage to robust business models, but also extending into considerations of media systems and relations with governments and business interests.

In this way, sustainable journalism attempts to counter the obvious risk that the efforts to maintain economic sustainability of the journalistic enterprise take place at the expense of professional journalism’s social/democratic mission – to hold power to account and to inform citizens, and to spur public engagement about current and future economic, social, and environmental challenges.

Furthermore, sustainable journalism refers to journalism that integrates the three sustainability dimensions in its coverage and its financing and does not isolate environmental issues from social and economic conditions as if they were siloed issues. Examples of this kind of integrated approach would be journalism that:

• reflects the economic aspects of an increasingly globalising society at the same time as it acknowledges the social and environmental consequences of these aspects,
• is underwritten by value from new advertising formats that doesn’t jeopardise the integrity and trust of citizens, and
• interlinks local and national consequences of (for instance) climate change with their economic and social ramifications on a global scale.

Given the importance of the Agenda 2030 and the Paris agreement, another function of sustainable journalism can be seen as carefully scrutinising the compliance of the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 as well as exposing the sustainability challenges associated with them.

However, sustainable journalism may not be practised in the same way in all countries and by each publisher, as each country and media institution has unique challenges that confront their sustainability. In order to appreciate how sustainable journalism is to be practised in the sub-Saharan African context, it is important to establish the setting within which media organisations and journalists carry out their informational mandate. It is equally important to explore the issues that confront the environmental, social and economic sustainability of media within sub-Saharan Africa.

This study consequently includes a summary of three different sets of discussions, held over a two-week period in January 2021 with reporters, news editors and representatives of media development organisations in Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, and Kenya. The aim was to ascertain how these key stakeholders regard sustainable journalism and its possible application in sub-Saharan Africa.

The golden thread that ran through discussions was that sustainable journalism connects critical developmental issues in sub-Saharan Africa to the practice of journalism. Participants were of the view that there is a general trend of slow social and economic development within sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with a looming environmental crisis, due inter alia to poor environmental governance. They also agreed that what uniquely sets sustainable journalism apart from other new journalistic approaches is the provision of a model or framework for journalists to address contemporary issues that are tied to sustainable development. And while providing this framework, it also obliges journalists to concentrate on local contexts and the three interdependent dimensions of sustainability, and to find ways to win support for the sustainability of their own service to society.

The study examines the occurrence of children born out of wedlock in four parishes belonging to the current Karlskrona municipality during the period 1875–1925. The parishes surveyed are Fridlevstad, Rödeby, Tving and Karlskrona city-parish. The period is divided into two parts where the first includes the years 1875–1890 and the second part includes the years 1910–1925. The proportion of children with unknown/known fathers, the mothers' occupations, the fathers' occupations, and the mothers' age are also used as survey variables.

The proportion of known fathers increases significantly between the study periods, which could be explained by a reduced internal social control, while the study shows that the introduction of a child welfare officer in 1918 resulted in an increased proportion of known fathers.

The mothers' occupational designations change between the periods, for example, the proportion of maids decreases while other occupations are added. In the city-parish, professions such as washerwoman and waitress are added during the second period. The proportion of women working in the industry also increases between the survey periods. The increased proportion of professions, especially in the city-parish, could be linked to the demographic transition. As more people settle in a city, new needs emerge and thus also new occupational categories. The age of the mothers decreases between the study periods.

When it comes to class affiliation, it can be noted that most of the fathers and mothers belonged to the working class. However, the proportion of fathers belonging to the middle class was higher than the proportion of mothers belonging to the middle class.

The purpose of this qualitative content analysis is to investigate how stereotypes, stigmatization and trivialization around psychological disorders, more specifically around people with dissociative identity disorder, are maintained through representation in films and how the representation differs within two different film genres, horror and comedy films. With the films Me, myself & Irene and Hide and Seek as the basis for the analysis and by using the theoretical concepts of representation, stigma and trivialization, an analysis scheme was applied to sequences from the material, which, through the semiotic analysis tools denotation and connotation, were used to answer the study's research questions. The results showed that both films maintained stigmatizing and/or trivializing depictions of dissociative identity disorder but that they differed in their way of portraying the disorder. These approaches lead to different perceptions of the disorder but have similar real-life consequences.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka kognitiva och metakognitiva strategier elever i en årskurs 3 beskriver sig använda för att förstå text. Eftersom lässtrategier kan ge elever möjlighet att få förståelse för det som läses, fördjupa sig i text samt kontrollera sin läsförståelse är det angeläget att undersöka elevers användning av lässtrategier. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är modellen Reading as a Meaning-Constructed Process: The Reader (Ruddell & Unrau, 2013). Studiens material består av intervjusvar från 14 elever i en årskurs 3. Ett individuellt möte har genomförts av studiens författare med varje elev. Det individuella mötet har bestått av en läsaktivitet följt av en semistrukturerad intervju. Samtliga elevintervjuer har spelats in via röstinspelning och transkriberats. Transkriptionerna av intervjusvaren har kategoriserats i en innehållsanalys med kategorierna kognitiva strategier och metakognitiva strategier. Resultatet visar att eleverna beskriver sig använda de kognitiva strategierna att söka efter ledtrådar, göra textkopplingar och skapa inre bilder. Resultatet visar även att eleverna beskriver sig använda de metakognitiva strategierna att läsa om, läsa långsamt, läsa vidare och gå tillbaka, hoppa över och ta extern hjälp. Denna studie lyfter fram lässtrategiers betydelse för elevers läsförståelse redan i tidigare år i grundskolan samt vikten av undervisning i lässtrategier för elevers framtida skolframgångar. 

Denna studie syftar till att synliggöra karakteristiska drag på lexikal nivå i narrativa texter skrivna av elever utan lässvårigheter samt likheter och skillnader på lexikal nivå mellan texter skrivna av elever utan och i lässvårigheter. Att undersöka skrivande på lexikal nivå hos elever utan lässvårigheter i jämförelse med elever i lässvårigheter är angeläget mot bakgrund av att både den språkliga förmågan och läsförmågan (däribland den lexikala kunskapen) utgör centrala komponenter i skrivandet. Studien tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i den interna processnivån i Chenoweth och Hayes (2001) modell av skrivprocessen: A Model of Written Language Production. Tjugofyra texter skrivna av elever utan lässvårigheter har analyserats utifrån fem olika mått på lexikal nivå: antal ord, lexikal densitet, adjektivdensitet, lexikal variation och andel felstavade ord. Medelvärden för dessa mått har beräknats. Som jämförelsematerial användes motsvarande lexikala mått för 40 elever i lässvårigheter i Levlin och Waldmann (2017). Statistiska analyser har genomförts för att fastställa signifikanta skillnader mellan elevgrupperna. Det övergripande resultatet som framkommer är att elever utan lässvårigheter uppvisar en högre lexikal nivå än elever i lässvårigheter. Det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan elevgrupperna för antal ord, adjektivdensitet, lexikal variation och andel felstavade ord. Lexikal densitet uppvisar däremot ingen signifikant skillnad mellan elevgrupperna. Våra resultat visar på att det är viktigt att inkludera stöttning av elevers läsförmågor i skrivundervisningen då läsförmågan är en betydande komponent i skrivutvecklingen.

In this study, pupils’ use of digital tools for learning vocabulary is compared to the use of a traditional way of learning vocabulary from a list in a book. The goal of the study is to find out if digital tools are more efficient than using vocabulary lists, when learning new words. Furthermore, this study investigates how the use of words in a context affects learning. The 40 pupils who took part in this study are learning German in the ninth grade in two different schools in the southern part of Sweden. Three vocabulary tests were conducted within four weeks. During the experiment the pupils were divided into two groups, where one used digital learning tools and the other ordinary vocabulary lists. The results in the first test did not differ much between the groups. The second test on the other hand shows a difference where many in the digital group got better results whereas several in the traditional group got lower results. In the third test both groups showed better results in the vocabulary test. The conclusion of this study is that there is no big difference between the use of digital learning tools and a traditional vocabulary list when it comes to learning new words. However, the use of words in sentences was seen to have an effect on the words that pupils remembered best. In this study, the pupils were also asked to fill in a questionnaire. This study also shows that a combination of traditional and digital learning is preferred by the pupils.

Globalization has led to English being the leading language of communication providing opportunities for pupils to develop their English proficiency in different contexts. In this study, teachers’ language choices in the EFL classroom are being observed and the reasons behind them are being discussed during the following interviews. The study aims to increase our understanding of what role the English language as the primary teaching language should have in the EFL classroom at Swedish lower secondary schools to benefit pupils’ language learning in the best way possible. Four teachers, that are teaching at two different lower-secondary schools in southern Sweden participated in the study. In total four classroom observations were conducted followed by four semi-structured teacher interviews. The results found during observations and interviews were then connected to the theories of Language Mode, Translanguaging and Codeswitching. The results of the observations showed a slight difference in the use of English and Swedish during teaching. This study concludes that there is a slight variation in what role the English language has in the four observed classrooms. However, the contexts in which it was used were all coherent. Furthermore, the use of Swedish also showed a slight variation but was explained to be used as a tool for explaining, clarifying and ensuring understanding. Finally, the use of translanguaging practices was believed to have a positive effect on pupils’ learning outcomes although a slight difference was shown here as well. 

Almost 10 years after the attack on World Trade Center Sept. 11 2001, Osama bin Laden was shot and killed on May 2 2011 in Pakistan. How was this event framed by the media with regards to the global war on terror? This study compares two different American newspapers – the New York Times and the New York Daily News – and how they framed the war on terrorism in the Middle East from May 2 to May 15 2011. By analyzing the framing in a perspective of the four functions of framing theory: define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgments and suggest remedies, we found considerable differences in each papers frames. Through a qualitative text analysis of the opinion pages in these two newspapers, using three themes as a base, we found a number of differences. While the New York Times contained a form of open discussion about problems and remedies, New York Daily News takes an emotional and moral approach. These differences in content may affect the opinions of the readers. We speculate that the more open and suggestive nature of the New York Times, also opens the minds of the readers enabling them to form opinions in a liberated sense. Thus the more closed, emotional and moral nature of the New York Daily News may have greater impact on an individual’s ability to form its own opinions and moral values.

The study aimed to investigate how power and powerlessness are created and portrayed

in Ann-Helén Laestadius novel Stöld (2022) and what didactive implications the novel

has for teaching at a high school level. Based on an intersectional perspective, it was

analyzed when the axes of power gender, class ethnicity and age co-vary where power

versus powerlessness occurs. For the analysis, the thoughts, acting and actions of three

female and three male characters were studied. On an overall level, the analysis shows

that Sámi as a minority group is powerless in relation to the majority society because of

the historical context. On an individual level, the power perspective shifted depending on

the characters age, gender or ethnicity. From a didactive perspective, the novel Stöld is

relevant for teaching in upper secondary school partly based on the discourse they are in,

and partly based on the possibility of applying several parts of the course syllabus with

Stöld as a starting point.

Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur genus skildras i Fredrik Backmans roman Björnstad (2016) samt vilka didaktiska implikationer romanen har för undervisningen på gymnasial nivå. Utifrån genusperspektivet som ser begreppet genus som sociala konstruktioner studerades karaktärernas egenskaper. För analysen valdes fyra unga vuxna karaktärer i romanen, två flickor och två pojkar. För att skildra karaktärernas genus användes Nikolajevas (2017) motsatsschema över kvinnliga och manliga egenskaper hos litterära personer. Analysen påvisade både stereotypa och icke stereotypa skildringar av karaktärerna vilka påverkades av romanens intrig som gjorde att karaktärerna omvandlades från stereotypa till icke-stereotypa karaktärer. Romanen skildrar teman som kärlek, sexualitet, vänskap, makt och normer vilka är teman somkan aktualiseras i undervisningen inom ramen för ett normkritiskt arbete. Det är teman som berör ungdomar och den diskurs de befinner sig i vilket gör romanen aktuell förläsning på gymnasial nivå.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to examine the collaboration between school librarians and teachers in primary school, in order to illustrate how the two professions can work together, how they see their own roles and how they look at the other professionals´ roles. We also discuss earlier studies in LIS concerning collaboration between teachers and librarians. The method of investigation is qualitative interviews with practicing school librarians and teachers, we interviewed three school librarians and three teachers from three different schools in the same county.  As a basis of the discussion and analysis Andrew Abbott's theory of professions is used. The thesis shows that collaboration differs between the schools. The difference in itself depends on the schools principal views of the school library. The professions need to develop their understanding for each other´s roles and competences in order to develop the best possible collaboration. 

The aim of the study is to perform a linguistic analysis of mathematics textbooks. Mathematical text exercises are built up of linguistic structures which are significant for the pupil’s understanding of text exercises. Two different mathematics textbooks for grade three are analysed: Prima matematikand Tummen upp. The aim is to investigate how text exercises in mathematics textbooks are linguistically structured. The study analyses the style, form and content of the text and its relation to the reader. The result shows that the content of the text exercises is close to the pupil’s everyday reality, which ensures a close and strong relationship between the writer and the reader. Something which can entail difficulties for reading comprehension, however, is that the form consists of meaning-bearing mathematical terms which it can be difficult to relate to. Since the mathematical language and the everyday Swedish language meet in text exercises, it is important that they interact well with each other.

Reading aloud is regarded in the study as an occasion where a teacher reads to pupils and where this involves both reading and conversation about what has been read. It is a learning activity in which everyone together shares an experience. Reading aloud is moreover a way to develop the pupil’s ability in reading and language. The aim of the study is to investigate teachers’ views of reading aloud in schools. Three different teachers were interviewed and observed in the study. They work at different schools in grades 1 to 3. The result is based on interpretations of interviews and observations, and it shows that relaxation and conversation ability are two main purposes of reading aloud. As regards the teachers’ methods there are similarities in the choice of book, the reading environment, and the work with the book. The result shows that the teachers see many advantages in reading aloud, but that the time aspect is significant for the extent to which they chose to work with reading aloud.

This bachelor thesis’ purpose is to investigate how purchase librarians work with foreign language collection management. Since about 15% of the citizens of Sweden are born abroad or have a foreign background, the subject of investigation becomes relevant because it touches a wide user group of the public library.

Interviews were conducted with four librarians responsible for purchasing of foreign literature. The purpose of these interviews was to investigate which underlying strategies and thoughts are used as a basis for purchasing.

Since the library act does not include guidelines regarding the content of the foreign literature collection, how is the literature chosen and to what purpose?

As a theoretical framework a self-developed model was used to categorize the foreign literature into its different functions. The foreign literature was divided into two main categories; entertainment reading and literature with an informative purpose.

To display the librarians room for interpretation factor in the purchasing of literature a theory from sociology studies was applied, the theory of room for maneuver.

The findings in this paper have revealed that literature with the purpose to entertain was prioritized in the purchasing. Even though the libraries included multicultural activities in their organization, by prioritizing the entertainment literature the library tended to deprioritize the potential integration purpose of the literature.

The paper also revealed that the individual responsible for the purchasing was left with a large room for interpretation, which meant that one individual had the responsibility to ensure that the literature was relevant and versatile enough for the user group.

Pirouettes is an investigation of how form, constraints and perspective affect a story and the possibility of telling it truthfully. It begins with a description of a short moment in time, a child ice skating alone late in the evening. A presentation of a tiny event which is subsequently told repeatedly in slightly different ways; a theme with 70 variations. By choosing forms with specific and unique rules that force the story to change, adjust and conform, and by shifting perspective and widening the underlying picture gradually, a much larger motive slowly emerges. Traditional and well-known forms and constraints, rhetorical devices and different points of view mixed with absurd, mathematical, and haphazard variants form a puzzle where the pieces don't say much on their own but juxtaposed and correctly placed, they illustrate a childhood that reaches far beyond the skating rink for a much longer period of time than the theme suggests.  

This essay discusses two aspects of the retention of pragmatic text functions in translation. The functionalist approach that was used focuses on achieving congruence between the author’s intended function and the perception of the reader, i.e., the target text’s actual function. The first aim was to examine whether a focus on text functions can be beneficial when translating terminology. The second aim was to investigate if a functionalist approach can be used to assure that all functions are retained for instances where the source text encompasses more than one pragmatic function. For the purposes of this study, two excerpts from Fritz Eichenberg’s art history book The Art of the Print were translated. Individual terms as well as instances where the source text segment contained one than more pragmatic function were then analyzed with the above mentioned aims in mind. It was found that a functionalist approach, in combination with a conceptual approach to terminology, was beneficial when translating terminology. It was also observed that the surrounding co-text aided in the understanding of the author’s concept. In regard to the second aim, it was found that while a functionalist approach assured that the translator was made aware of the existing functions, the translation procedures suggested were too narrow and static to be applicable to all segments.

This is a personal project about a fed-up woman who sits down on the chair by the pottery wheel simply because she craves it. It is about conducting a non-result oriented design process. A process where the making, the closeness between the mind and hand, is both the research and mediation. It is a project that acknowledges the potential care has in relation to design, while it's dealing with the controversial aspects of a woman caring for herself. The project is a snap, a feminist snap, represented and materialized through the objects of clay. Where a collapsed bowl, a blob, becomes a materialized revolt against everything women are being told to endure. It is a project that brings design and poetry together. Aiming to explore how objects can gain agency and be in dialogue with society. How objects can materialize both the resistance against, and the result of, the patriarchal structure.

The amount of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere is continuously rising due to human emissions caused by combustion of fossil fuels and changing of land use. In a very short time several measures need to be taken in order to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and thereby slowing down climate change as much as possible.

The land use has changed considerably the last century with the biggest change in recent decades. This has led to that arable land all over the world has been depleted of nutrients with up to 75% in some regions. With a growing population worldwide and increased climate changes that threatens the arable land, something needs to be done to make sure we use the arable land in the most effective way.

Biochar is one of the solutions to both these problems. By producing char out of biomass in high temperatures with minimized access to oxygen in a pyrolysis process you get biochar. This process releases less CO2 than a normal combustion process and the biochar becomes a carbon sink when it is put in the soil. 

With its porous structure biochar has a great ability to keep water and nutrients in the soil for a very long time and it also makes the soil porous with a great amount of oxygen, which the roots prefer.

The purpose of this essay is to find out what the use of biochar looks like in Sweden and how the use could increase within the agriculture, the municipalities and within horticulture.

With qualitative interviews and a quantitaive and qualitative survey this essay has come to the conclusion that four things are needed to increase the use of biochar in Sweden. First of all, more scientific research is needed on biochar and how this can be used in the best way since it is a new product and there are still much to learn.

Secondly, an increased production in Sweden is needed since today´s demand is bigger than the supply.

Thirdly, it is needed to be able to certify ones carbon sink in order to be able to sell carbon-sink-ceritficates to companies who would like to reduce their climate impact. 

Finally, more information on biochar is needed, in all stages. Producers need information to be able to start producing biochar and consumers need information in order to increase the demand and the interest of biochar.

This thesis studies five contemporary illustrated images from the 2015 bestselling children’s book Fängelsemysteriet, from the book series Lassemajas Detektivbyrå.

The thesis examines the images in order to interpret how gender is constructed and how the power of balance is displayed through the images. Thereafter, an analysis is carried out to determine in which ways the images have been influenced by national and cultural traditions and which conceptions regarding nationality, gender and age are noticeable. The thesis aim is to critically review the norms and patterns that can frequently be found in art and children’s literature. Because the images studied are illustrations in a literature book, the written text is also taken in consideration and studied in interaction with the images which gives the essay a literature angle. The thesis primary purpose is however the image analysis and the theoretical approach is headmost gender based. Panofsky´s iconological interpretation method is crucial in order to define and identify different gender roles and power dimensions. The images contain conventional gender patterns where “male” and “female” is kept separate. Attributes, activities, roles, professions and personal qualities distinguish differences in men and women. Even if the images show a norm deviation where children are portrayed as equals, traditional and stereotype gender roles can still be distinguished. The images illustrate clichéd perceptions of nationality and community. Foreign characters are stereotypically portrayed through traits which accommodate traditional and national symbols, names that can be associated with different cultures and religions and characters are portrayed with stereotypical appearances. Throughout the book the white middle-aged man is overrepresented and appears to still be norm bearing in Sweden’s most read contemporary children’s book today.

Individualized teaching in schools with children with learning disabilities is a prerequisite, in order to be able to convey knowledge and teaching in an educational and developing way. The purpose of this study is to explore how musical communication can be used in school's with children with learning disabilities in different ways and how teachers can create an individualized teaching through this, during the music lessons. The study's result describes the interviews that have been conducted that have occurred in varied locations around Sweden with teachers in the subject area music in learning disabilities. The result presents how teachers use musical communication in their teaching and in what way the teaching is tailored to the needs of the students to become developing. The discussion that is linked to the subject of the study focuses on individual adaptation and alternative ways in which the teacher can make use of it in order to obtain an educational teaching, in which the students are given the opportunity for an in-depth understanding and a developed knowledge.

Kommunikation är en nödvändig förutsättning för att människor ska kunna samverka med andra i samhället. Skolans undervisning ska utifrån detta utgå ifrån elevens behov för att eleven ska kunna allmänbilda sig i samhället. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur musik kan användas som ett kommunikationsmedel för elever med funktionsnedsättning i undervisningen och på vilka sätt som den undervisande läraren använder sig av detta. Resultatet som presenteras redovisar genomförda intervjuer och observationer som har utförts med olika undervisande lärare i musik, på olika orter runt om i Sverige. Resultatet presenterar hur lärare använder sig av kommunikation i undervisningen genom musik samt på vilka sätt detta sker. Lärarna använder sig av kommunikation som sker på flera olika sätt genom musik, kontakt, teckenspråk, kroppspråk och tecken som stöd. Diskussionen kring studiens ämne koncentreras på den undervisande lärarens kommunikation i undervisningen med hjälp av musik, vilka alternativa kommunikationssätt som kan användas av läraren för att nå ut till eleverna samt vilka för- och nackdelar det finns med användning av alternativa kommunikationssätt.

The public libraries were quick to adapt to the changes that the Internet brought on, and today library websites are an important part of the public library. To meet the needs of teens today, the library website could offer a range of contents to make it an attractive place on many levels; both the academic needs as well as social and recreational needs should be addressed.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate public library websites for teenagers in Sweden, and to examine how well the websites address the developmental tasks and needs that teenagers have. The method used is website evaluation, one quantitative and one qualitative. A total of 60 public library sites for teenagers were evaluated, using 11 criteria based on Havighursts developmental tasks. The quantitative evaluation measured how many functions each website had per criteria, and showed that the majority of the sites had one or two functions for most of the criteria. The qualitative evaluation showed that the websites with the highest score often offered more interactive solutions, had more dynamic content and therefore met the needs of teenagers better than the websites with a lower ranking. Overall, the public library websites for teenagers could gain from developing their content and services further, taking into consideration the needs and developmental tasks that teenagers have that separates them from other user groups.

Samernas livssituation som statslös nation inom staten Sverige uppmärksammas av FN på grund av att deras rättigheter kränks. Hur kommer det sig att välfärdsstaten och föregångslandet Sverige inte behandlar Europas enda urfolk på ett korrekt sätt?

Denna uppsats undersöker hur samernas tillgång till marken förändrats under de senaste århundradena i förhållande till vem som haft makten över marken, samt vilka lagar och regler som skapats för att ge urfolk världen över ökade rättigheter till den mark som de levt av sedan urminnes tider.

För att få svar på hur samerna och andra urfolk har behandlats i förhållande till deras markrättigheter och användning av de ytor och platser som är och har varit viktiga för dem, genomfördes en kvalitativ intervju. Intervjun gjordes med professor Gunlög Fur en mycket ämneskunnig person från Linnéuniversitetet. Som ett komplement har en litteraturstudie och en mindre jämförande studie genomförts.

I resultatet av litteraturstudien påvisas att staten enligt tidigare forskning har väldigt svårt att ge samerna självbestämmande över marken som de kallar Sápmi, då de överstatliga regler och lagar för hur detta ska gå till, ofta hamnar i konflikt med markägare och staten egna lagar.

Uppsatsens jämförande studie där samernas situation i Sápmi jämförs med två andra urfolk, nämligen kurderna i Kurdistan och mapuchena i Wallmapu, visar att det finns både likheter och skillnader mellan urfolkens rättigheter till marken och i vilken utsträckning de under historien har haft olika förutsättningar för markanvändande beroende på vem som haft makten över marken.

En analys av resultatet av studien visar att urfolkens värdering av markens betydelse sällan handlar om ekonomiska värden utan om historiska, geografiska eller kulturella kopplingar.

Slutsatsen av denna studie blir att urfolks rättigheter till mark ser ungefär lika ut oavsett vilken stat de lever inom. Deras rätt till självbestämmande är väldigt begränsad och deras markintressen hamnar i stort sätt alltid i skymundan för de ekonomiska intressen som styr staters agerande.