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  • 1.
    Ahmad, Waqar
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Coke-free conversion of benzene at high temperatures2023Ingår i: Journal of the Energy Institute, ISSN 1743-9671, E-ISSN 1746-0220, Vol. 109, artikel-id 101307Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the conversion of benzene in a novel highly non-porous ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed reactor at 1000–1100 °C. The influences of packed bed presence, reforming medium (steam and CO2), gas flow rate and benzene concentration on steady state benzene conversion are examined. In presence of packed bed, benzene conversions of 52, 75, and 84% were achieved with combined steam and CO2 reforming at 1000, 1050, and 1100 °C, respectively. Whereas, benzene conversion of 65% without the packed bed at 1000 °C experienced a continuous increase in differential upstream pressure (DUP) of high temperature (HT) filter at reactor downstream due to deposition of in situ generated coke. High concentrations of generated CO and H2 of 2.3 and 6 vol% with packed bed than 1.4 and 4.7 vol% without the packed respectively, were achieved. CO2 reforming achieved high benzene conversions of 68–98% than 42–80% achieved with stream reforming at packed bed reactor temperatures of 1000–1100 °C. The results indicated that presence of ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed with possible surface reactions directed the conversion of benzene to combustible gases instead of coke. Hence, ɣ-Al2O3 packed bed reactor could be a suitable choice for coke-free conversion of tar of gasifier producer gas.

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  • 2.
    Al-Mamun, Abdullah
    et al.
    Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
    Ahmad, Waqar
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET). Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
    Jafary, Tahereh
    Sultan Qaboos University, Oman;International Maritime College, Oman.
    Nayak, Jagdeep Kumar
    Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
    Al-Nuaimi, Ali
    Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
    Sana, Ahmad
    Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
    Recent advances in microbial electrosynthesis system: Metabolic investigation and process optimization2023Ingår i: Biochemical engineering journal, ISSN 1369-703X, E-ISSN 1873-295X, Vol. 196, artikel-id 108928Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The intensified burning of fossil fuels and the discharging of industrial wastes are severe threats to the environment. The released CO2 and organic fractions of industrial and municipal wastes exacerbate global warming. Converting the released CO2 and organic wastes into beneficial electricity and biofuel-chemicals is deemed an environmental necessity. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) presents a promising technology for bio-electrochemical conversion of released CO2 and organic wastes into electricity and biofuel-chemicals using external-powered and/or self-powered microbial oxidation/reduction processes. The MES system consists of anodic and cathodic processes. The technology mostly relies on the capacity of electron transfer from electroactive biofilm to the electrode for reducing organics into value-added chemicals and sustaining their respiration and growth. The current review aims to summarize and explore the diversified application of electrogenic microbes and their metabolic pathways of electron transfer. It also summarizes the MES reactor design and operational parameters that influence the catalysis of biofilm and hence, the system performance. The review concludes with a critical evaluation of technical challenges that should be overcome before large-scale implementation. Furthermore, various recommendations on technical perspectives for successful implementation and application, including future research directions, are presented in this study.

  • 3.
    Amiandamhen, Stephen
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT).
    Kumar, Anuj
    Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland.
    Adamopoulos, Stergios
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT).
    Jones, Dennis
    Luleå university of technology, Sweden;Czech university of life sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
    Nilsson, Bengt
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT).
    Bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden: A state of the art review2020Ingår i: BioResources, ISSN 1930-2126, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 15, nr 4, s. 9834-9857Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In the continual desire to reduce the environmental footprints of human activities, research efforts to provide cleaner energy is increasingly becoming vital. The effect of climate change on present and future existence, sustainable processes, and utilizations of renewable resources have been active topics within international discourse. In order to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions from traditional materials and processes, there has been a shift to more environmental friendly alternatives. The conversion of biomass to bioenergy, including biofuels has been considered to contribute to the future of climate change mitigation, although there are concerns about carbon balance from forest utilization. Bioenergy accounts for more than one-third of all energy used in Sweden and biomass has provided about 60% of the fuel for district heating. Apart from heat and electricity supply, the transport sector, with about 30% of global energy use, has a significant role in a sustainable bioenergy system. This review presents the state of the art in the Swedish bioenergy sector based on literature and Swedish Energy Agency’s current statistics. The review also discusses the overall bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden. The current potential, challenges, and environmental considerations of bioenergy production are also discussed

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  • 4.
    Asuquo, Asuquo Jackson
    et al.
    University of Strathclyde, UK.
    Zhang, Xiaolei
    University of Strathclyde, UK.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Li, Jun
    University of Strathclyde, UK.
    Green heterogeneous catalysts derived from fermented kola nut pod husk for sustainable biodiesel production2024Ingår i: International Journal of Green Energy, ISSN 1543-5075, E-ISSN 1543-5083Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of green heterogeneous catalysts that are obtained from waste agricultural biomass can make the production of biodiesel more economical. In this research, three solid base heterogeneous catalysts (Catalyst A, B, and C) were synthesized from kola nut pod husks, and the synergistic effects of the elemental composition on catalytic activities for biodiesel production were studied. The results revealed a high surface area of Catalysts A, B, and C at 419.90 m2/g, 430.54 m2/g, and 432.57 m2/g, respectively. Their corresponding pore diameters are 3.53 nm, 3.48 nm, and 3.32 nm, showing that the catalysts are mesoporous in nature. The X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) results revealed the presence of a variety of alkaline earth metals and their corresponding metal oxides in substantial amounts. Catalyst A was produced with the highest concentration of calcium at 40.84 wt.% and calcium oxide at 68.02 mole%. The substantial concentration of other elements, such as potassium, magnesium, and aluminum, and their corresponding metal oxides are the proof of high catalytic activity of the produced green catalysts. The high CaO contents of all three produced catalysts and their high surface areas indicate their strong potential for good catalytic activities applied to the synthesis of biodiesel.

  • 5.
    Bagherpour, Mohammad Bagher
    et al.
    Växjö universitet, Fakulteten för matematik/naturvetenskap/teknik, Institutionen för teknik och design. Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
    Nikazar, Manouchehr
    Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
    Welander, Ulrika
    Växjö universitet, Fakulteten för matematik/naturvetenskap/teknik, Institutionen för teknik och design.
    Bonakdarpour, Babak
    Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
    Sanati, Mehri
    Växjö universitet, Fakulteten för matematik/naturvetenskap/teknik, Institutionen för teknik och design.
    Effects of irrigation and water content of packings on alpha-pinene vapours biofilteration performance2005Ingår i: Biochemical engineering journal, ISSN 1369-703X, E-ISSN 1873-295X, Vol. 24, nr 3, s. 185-193Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The main objective of this investigation is to determine the effect of different physical parameters on the performance of biofilters, treating hydrophobic compounds. In this respect, the effects of irrigation and water content of packings on the removal efficiency of bed in different pollutant loading rates, and gas phase flow rates, is studied. Alpha-pinene, which is produced from variety of industrial wood products, pulp and paper industries, and fragrance production units, has been selected as a model compound. Since the effectiveness of biofiltration depends strongly upon water solubility of compounds, in the case of alpha-pinene (2.5 ppm, at 25 ◦C), the process of waste gas treatment is faced with difficulties. In this paper, it is shown that performance of biofilters, treating hydrophobic contaminants, declines due to irrigation. This reduction is detected by an increase in the outlet concentration from 11% up to 22.5%. Its magnitude depends on the gas velocity inside the biofilter and outlet concentration of the bed. The result indicated that pore blocking along the bed has less effect on the performance reduction than diffusion coefficient. Also the inhibitory effects of velocity on biodegradation are considerably higher than the effects of concentration. In addition, this compost-based biofilter shows noteworthy higher elimination capacities in comparison with previous studied biofiltration systems. In this study, a maximum elimination capacity of 227 gm−3 of packing h−1 is achieved by 95% of removal efficiency. The maximum concentration in the inlet gas was 650 mgm−3.

  • 6.
    Bahena, Rodrigo
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Energy recovery through anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and wastewater treatment sludge: A proposition of a water treatment and biogas plant for a floating island in Stockholm.2022Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    The urge for more sustainable living motivated the Stockholm Tiny House Expo. The project aims to build a floating, sustainable, man-made island for living and working outside of Stockholm. This paper proposes a waste management method with possible energy recovery for the island. It introduces a comprehensive system that integrates decentralized wastewater treatment with energy generation through anaerobic treatment. A by-product of the wastewater treatment process, the sludge, is combined with food waste to generate energy through biogas. The island’s organic waste (wastewater and food waste) is thereby managed sustainably. The results of this report require further research. The energy supply from the biogas reactor was calculated to be 52.19 MWh. The wastewater treatment process was designed with an objective of 90% reduction of BOD5, to comply with the Swedish regulations for wastewater discharge to natural bodies of water, including the ocean. The system's total volume proposed is 11.25 m3, which is the sum of the volumes of all the reactors, or tanks, needed to complete the treatment. 

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  • 7.
    Bengtsson, Peter
    Växjö universitet, Fakulteten för matematik/naturvetenskap/teknik, Institutionen för teknik och design.
    The release of Hydrocarbons from softwood drying: Measurement and modeling2004Ingår i: MADERAS: Ciencia y Tecnología, ISSN 0717-3644, E-ISSN 0718-221X, Vol. 6, nr 2, s. 109-122Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during the drying of Norway spruce and Scots pine was experimentally studied. Heartwood and sapwood were separately dried at 60 ºC. The Flame Ion Detector (FID) was used to measure the total amount of hydrocarbons (THC) released during the drying process. A large difference of the emissions course between heartwood and sapwood were found. For heartwood, a release maximum of hydrocarbons followed by a typical negative exponential course was found. When drying sapwood, the released amount of hydrocarbons was evidently more fluctuating before reducing to zero. A model describing the release of hydrocarbons during the drying with only diffusion as transport mechanism was applied. The aim was to obtain a suitable explanation of the characteristic release behavior from sapwood and develop a model describing the process.

  • 8.
    Biollaz, S.
    et al.
    PSI.
    Calbry-Muzyka, A.
    PSI.
    Rodriguez, S.
    PSI.
    Sárossy, Z.
    DTU.
    Ravenni, G.
    DTU.
    Fateev, A.
    DTU.
    Seiser, R.
    UCSD.
    Eberhard, M.
    KIT.
    Kolb, T.
    KIT.
    Heikkinen, N.
    VTT.
    Reinikainen, M.
    VTT.
    Brown, R.C.
    Iowa State University, USA.
    Johnston, P.A.
    Iowa State University, USA.
    Nau, P.
    DLR.
    Geigle, K.P.
    DLR.
    Kutne, P.
    DLR.
    Işık-Gülsaç, I.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Aksoy, P.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Çetin, Y.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Sarıoğlan, A.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Tsekos, C.
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    de Jong, W.
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Benedikt, F.
    TU Wien, Austria.
    Hofbauer, H.
    TU Wien, Austria.
    Waldheim, L.
    SFC.
    Engvall, K.
    KTH Royal instute of technology, Sweden.
    Neubauer, Y.
    Technical University of Berlin, Germany.
    Funcia, I.
    CENER.
    Gil, J.
    CENER.
    del Campo, I.
    CENER.
    Wilson, I.
    University of Glasgow, UK.
    Khan, Z.
    University of Glasgow, UK.
    Gall, D.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gómez-Barea, A.
    University of Seville, Spain.
    Schmidt, F.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Anca-Couce, A.
    Graz University of Technology, Austria.
    von Berg, L.
    Graz University of Technology, Austria.
    Larsson, A.
    GoBiGas.
    Sánchez Hervás, J.M.
    CIEMAT.
    van Egmond, B.F.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Geusebroek, M.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Toonen, A.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Kuipers, J.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Cieplik, M.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Boymans, E.H.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Grootjes, A.J.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Fischer, F.
    TUM.
    Schmid, M.
    University of Stuttgart, Germany.
    Maric, J.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Defoort, F.
    CEA.
    Ravel, S.
    CEA.
    Thiery, S.
    CEA.
    Balland, M.
    CEA.
    Kienzl, N.
    Bioenergy 2020+.
    Martini, S.
    Bioenergy 2020+.
    Loipersböck, J.
    Bioenergy 2020+.
    Basset, E.
    ENGIE Lab CRIGEN.
    Barba, A.
    ENGIE Lab CRIGEN.
    Willeboer, W.
    RWE-Essent.
    Venderbosch, R.
    BTG.
    Carpenter, D.
    NREL.
    Pinto, F.
    LNEG.
    Barisano, D.
    ENEA.
    Baratieri, M.
    UNIBZ.
    Ballesteros, R.
    UCLM.
    Mourao Vilela, C. (Redaktör)
    ECN part of TNO.
    Vreugdenhil, B.J. (Redaktör)
    ECN part of TNO.
    Gas analysis in gasification of biomass and waste: Guideline report: Document 12018Rapport (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Gasification is generally acknowledged as one of the technologies that will enable the large-scale production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and waste. One of the main technical challenges associated to the deployment of biomass gasification as a commercial technology is the cleaning and upgrading of the product gas. The contaminants of product gas from biomass/waste gasification include dust, tars, alkali metals, BTX, sulphur-, nitrogen- and chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. Proper measurement of the components and contaminants of the product gas is essential for the monitoring of gasification-based plants (efficiency, product quality, by-products), as well as for the proper design of the downstream gas cleaning train (for example, scrubbers, sorbents, etc.). In practice, a trade-off between reliability, accuracy and cost has to be reached when selecting the proper analysis technique for a specific application. The deployment and implementation of inexpensive yet accurate gas analysis techniques to monitor the fate of gas contaminants might play an important role in the commercialization of biomass and waste gasification processes.

    This special report commissioned by the IEA Bioenergy Task 33 group compiles a representative part of the extensive work developed in the last years by relevant actors in the field of gas analysis applied to(biomass and waste) gasification. The approach of this report has been based on the creation of a team of contributing partners who have supplied material to the report. This networking approach has been complemented with a literature review. The report is composed of a set of 2 documents. Document 1(the present report) describes the available analysis techniques (both commercial and underdevelopment) for the measurement of different compounds of interest present in gasification gas. The objective is to help the reader to properly select the analysis technique most suitable to the target compounds and the intended application. Document 1 also describes some examples of application of gas analysis at commercial-, pilot- and research gasification plants, as well as examples of recent and current joint research activities in the field. The information contained in Document 1 is complemented with a book of factsheets on gas analysis techniques in Document 2, and a collection of video blogs which illustrate some of the analysis techniques described in Documents 1 and 2.

    This guideline report would like to become a platform for the reinforcement of the network of partners working on the development and application of gas analysis, thus fostering collaboration and exchange of knowledge. As such, this report should become a living document which incorporates in future coming progress and developments in the field.

  • 9.
    Biollaz, S.
    et al.
    PSI.
    Calbry-Muzyka, A.
    PSI.
    Rodriguez, S.
    PSI.
    Sárossy, Z.
    DTU.
    Ravenni, G.
    DTU.
    Fateev, A.
    DTU.
    Seiser, R.
    UCSD.
    Eberhard, M.
    KIT.
    Kolb, T.
    KIT.
    Heikkinen, N.
    VTT.
    Reinikainen, M.
    VTT.
    Brown, R.C.
    Iowa State University, USA.
    Johnston, P.A.
    Iowa State University, USA.
    Nau, P.
    DLR.
    Geigle, K.P.
    DLR.
    Kutne, P.
    DLR.
    Işık-Gülsaç, I.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Aksoy, P.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Çetin, Y.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Sarıoğlan, A.
    TÜBİTAK Mam.
    Tsekos, C.
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    de Jong, W.
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Benedikt, F.
    TU Wien, Austria.
    Hofbauer, H.
    TU Wien, Austria.
    Waldheim, L.
    SFC.
    Engvall, K.
    KTH Royal instute of technology, Sweden.
    Neubauer, Y.
    Technical University of Berlin, Germany.
    Funcia, I.
    CENER.
    Gil, J.
    CENER.
    del Campo, I.
    CENER.
    Wilson, I.
    University of Glasgow, UK.
    Khan, Z.
    University of Glasgow, UK.
    Gall, D.
    Gothenburg University, Sweden.
    Gómez-Barea, A.
    University of Seville, Spain.
    Schmidt, F.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Anca-Couce, A.
    Graz University of Technology, Austria.
    von Berg, L.
    Graz University of Technology, Austria.
    Larsson, A.
    GoBiGas.
    Sánchez Hervás, J.M.
    CIEMAT.
    van Egmond, B.F.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Geusebroek, M.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Toonen, A.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Kuipers, J.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Cieplik, M.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Boymans, E.H.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Grootjes, A.J.
    ECN part of TNO.
    Fischer, F.
    TUM.
    Schmid, M.
    University of Stuttgart, Germany.
    Maric, J.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Defoort, F.
    CEA.
    Ravel, S.
    CEA.
    Thiery, S.
    CEA.
    Balland, M.
    CEA.
    Kienzl, N.
    Bioenergy 2020+.
    Martini, S.
    Bioenergy 2020+.
    Loipersböck, J.
    Bioenergy 2020+.
    Basset, E.
    ENGIE Lab CRIGEN.
    Barba, A.
    ENGIE Lab CRIGEN.
    Willeboer, W.
    RWE-Essent.
    Venderbosch, R.
    BTG.
    Carpenter, D.
    NREL.
    Pinto, F.
    LNEG.
    Barisano, D.
    ENEA.
    Baratieri, M.
    UNIBZ.
    Ballesteros, R.
    UCLM.
    Mourao Vilela, C. (Redaktör)
    ECN part of TNO.
    Vreugdenhil, B.J. (Redaktör)
    ECN part of TNO.
    Gas analysis in gasification of biomass and waste: Guideline report: Document 2 - Factsheets on gas analysis techniques2018Rapport (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Gasification is generally acknowledged as one of the technologies that will enable the large-scale production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and waste. One of the main technical challenges associated to the deployment of biomass gasification as a commercial technology is the cleaning and upgrading of the product gas. The contaminants of product gas from biomass/waste gasification include dust, tars, alkali metals, BTX, sulphur-, nitrogen- and chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. Proper measurement of the components and contaminants of the product gas is essential for the monitoring of gasification-based plants (efficiency, product quality, by-products), as well as for the proper design of the downstream gas cleaning train (for example, scrubbers, sorbents, etc.). The deployment and implementation of inexpensive yet accurate gas analysis techniques to monitor the fate of gas contaminants might play an important role in the commercialization of biomass and waste gasification processes.

    This special report commissioned by the IEA Bioenergy Task 33 group compiles a representative part of the extensive work developed in the last years by relevant actors in the field of gas analysis applied to (biomass and waste) gasification. The approach of this report has been based on the creation of a team of contributing partners who have supplied material to the report. This networking approach has been complemented with a literature review. This guideline report would like to become a platform for the reinforcement of the network of partners working on the development and application of gas analysis, thus fostering collaboration and exchange of knowledge. As such, this report should become a living document which incorporates in future coming progress and developments in the field.

  • 10.
    Borenberg, Fredrik
    Växjö universitet, Fakulteten för matematik/naturvetenskap/teknik, Institutionen för teknik och design.
    Biofiltrering av luft förorenad med terpener: Biofiltration of air polluted with terpenes2008Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats
    Abstract [sv]

    Utsläpp av lättflyktiga organiska föreningar (VOC) är ett växande mijlöproblem. Biofiltrering är ett relativt billigt sätt att rena luft förorenad med VOC. Biofiltrering har också en fördel i att föroreningen helt bryts ned och inte endast övergår i en annan form. Rapporten beskriver arbetet kring två biofilter av kolonntyp. Mikroberna som användes kom från främst träflis och jord. Som förorening användes limonen och α-pinen. Analys skedde med gaskromatografi.

    Vidare undersöktes om närvaro av silikonolja i filterbädden påverkade resultatet Reningskapaciteten uppgick i filtret utan olja till ca 10 - 12 g/m3.h under de första 25 dagarna i drift och ökade därefter till ca 15 - 20 g/m3.h. Motsvarande data för det oljeberikade filtret är ca 15 - 20 g/m3.h i båda fallen

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 11.
    Brandberg, Martin
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Jönsson, Erik
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Spillvärme i Kronobergs län: En kartläggning med enkätundersökning2022Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här rapporten kartlägger den energimängd i form av spillvärme som tillförs fjärrvärmenäten i Kronobergs län samt undersöker spillvärmepotentialen från företag i Kronobergs län. Resultat för nuvarande tillförsel av spillvärme till fjärrvärmenäten i Kronobergs län summerades till 4–5 GWh per år. För enkätundersökningen kontaktades 124 företag och av dessa uppgav 55 att det förekom spillvärme i processen. Det finns enligt enkätundersökningen sju företag inom Kronobergs län vars spillvärme håller en temperatur över 80 °C och som ej nyttjas för fjärrvärmeproduktion i dagsläget. Därmed bör den vara tillräckligt hög för att kunna levereras till framledningen i fjärrvärmenätet. Endast nio företag kunde svara på hur mycket spillvärme som uppkom från verksamheten, denna summerades till ca 25 GWh/år, dock angav samtliga dessa att den i varierande grad att nyttjades internt och temperaturen på spillvärmen var i åtta fall i intervallet 25–60 °C. För att avgöra om det är möjligt att utöka tillförseln av spillvärme till fjärrvärmenäten i Kronobergs län så måste dock förutsättningarna utredas mer utförligt hos respektive företag där potential finnes.

  • 12.
    Brandin, Jan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE).
    Usage of Biofuels in Sweden2013Ingår i: CSR-2 Catalyst for renewable sources: Fuel, Energy, Chemicals Book of Abstracts / [ed] Vadim Yakovlev, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibrisk, Russia: Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , 2013, s. 5-7Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, biofuels have come into substantial use, in an extent that are claimed to be bigger than use of fossil oil. One driving force for this have been the CO2-tax that was introduced in 1991 (1). According to SVEBIO:s calculations (2) based on the Swedish Energy Agency´s prognosis, the total energy consumption in Sweden 2012 was 404 TWh. If the figure is broken down on the different energy sources (figure 1) one can see that the consumption roughly distribute in three different, equally sized, blocks, Biofuels, fossil fuels and water & nuclear power. The major use of the fossil fuels is for transport and the water & nuclear power is used as electric power. The main use of the biofuels is for heating in the industrial sector and as district heating. In 2009 the consumption from those two segments was 85 TWh, and 10 TWh of bio power was co-produced giving an average biomass to electricity efficiency of 12%. This indicates a substantial conversion potential from hot water production to combined heat and power (CHP) production. in Sweden 2013 broken down on the different energy sources. In 2006 the pulp, paper and sawmill industry accounted for 95% of the bio energy consumption in the industrial sector, and the major biofuel consumed was black liquor (5). However, the pulp and paper industries also produced the black liquor in their own processes. The major energy source (58%) for district heating during 2006 was woody biomass (chips, pellets etc.) followed by waste (24%), peat (6%) and others (12%) (5). The use of peat has probably decreased since 2006 since peat is no longer regarded as a renewable energy source. While the use of biofuel for heating purpose is well developed and the bio-power is expected to grow, the use in the transport sector is small, 9 TWh or 7% in 2011. The main consumption there is due to the mandatory addition (5%) of ethanol to gasoline and FAME to diesel (6). The Swedish authorities have announced plans to increase the renewable content to 7.5 % in 2015 on the way to fulfill the EU’s goal of 10 % renewable transportation fuels in 2020. However the new proposed fuel directive in EU says that a maximum of 5% renewable fuel may be produced from food sources like sugars and vegetable oils. Another bothersome fact is that, in principle, all rape seed oil produced in Sweden is consumed (95-97%) in the food sector, and consequently all FAME used (in principle) in Sweden is imported as FAME, rape seed oil or seed (6). In Sweden a new source of biodiesel have emerged, tall oil diesel. Tall oil is extracted from black liquor and refined into a diesel fraction (not FAME) and can be mixed into fossil diesel, i.e. Preem Evolution diesel. The SUNPINE plant in Piteå have a capacity of 100 000 metric tons of tall oil diesel per annum, while the total potential in all of Sweden is claimed to be 200 000 tons (7). 100 000 tons of tall oil corresponds to 1% of the total diesel consumption in Sweden. in Sweden for 2010 and a prognosis for 2014. (6). Accordingly, the profoundest task is to decrease the fossil fuel dependency in the transport sector, and clearly, the first generation biofuels can´t do this on its own. Biogas is a fuel gas with high methane content that can be used in a similar way to natural gas; for instance for cooking, heating and as transportation fuel. Today biogas is produced by fermentation of waste (municipal waste, sludge, manure), but can be produced by gasification of biomass, for instance from forest residues such as branches and rots (GROT in Swedish). To get high efficiency in the production, the lower hydrocarbons, mainly methane, in the producer gas, should not be converted into synthesis gas. Instead a synthesis gas with high methane content is sought. This limits the drainage of chemically bonded energy, due to the exothermic reaction in the synthesis step (so called methanisation). In 2011 0.7 TWh of biogas was produced in Sweden by fermentation of waste (6) and there were no production by gasification, at least not of economic importance. The potential seems to be large, though. In 2008 the total potential for biogas production, in Sweden, from waste by fermentation and gasification was estimated to 70 TWh (10 TWh fermentation and 60 TWh gasification) (8). This figure includes only different types of waste and no dedicated agricultural crops or dedicated forest harvest. Activities in the biogas sector, by gasification, in Sweden are the Göteborgs energi´s Gobigas project in Gothenburg and Eon´s Bio2G-project, now pending, in south of Sweden. If the producer gas is cleaned and upgraded into synthesis gas also other fuels could be produced. In Sweden methanol and DME productions are planned for in the Värmlands metanol-project and at Chemrecs DME production plant in Piteå.

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    extended abstract
  • 13.
    Brandin, Jan
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE).
    Hulteberg, Christian
    Lunds Tekniska Högskola .
    Leveau, Andreas
    Biofuel-Solutions AB.
    Selective Catalysts for Glycerol Dehydration2013Ingår i: CRS-2, Catalysis for Renewable Sources: Fuel,Energy,ChemicalsBook of Abstracts / [ed] Vadim Yakovlev, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Russia: Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , 2013, s. 17-18Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

     There has been an increased interest over the last decade for replacing fossil based feedstock’s with renewable ones. There are several such feedstock’s that are currently being investigated such as cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, triglycerides etc. However, when trying to perform selective reactions an as homogeneous feedstock as possible is preferable. One such feedstock example is glycerol, a side-product from biofuels production, which is a tri-alcohol and thus has much flexibility for reactions, e.g. dehydration, hydrogenation, addition reactions etc. Glycerol in itself is a good starting point for fine chemicals production being non-toxic and available in rather large quantities [1-2]. A key reaction for glycerol valorisation is the dehydration of glycerol to form acrolein, an unsaturated C3 aldehyde, which may be used for producing acrylic acid, acrylonitrile and other important chemcial products. It has recently been shown that pore-condensation of glycerol is an issue under industrial like conditions, leading to liquid-phase reactions and speeding up the catalyst activity and selectivity loss [3]. To address this issue, modified catalyst materials have been prepared where the relevant micro and meso pores have been removed by thermal sintering; calculations have shown that pores below 45 Å may be subject to pore condensation. The catalyst starting material was a 10% WO3 by weight supported on ZrO2 in the form of beads 1–2 mm and it was thermally treated at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 700°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C and 1000°C for 2 hours. The catalysts were characterised using nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), Raman spectroscopy and ammonia temperature programmed desorption. The thermal sintered catalysts show first of all a decreasing BET surface area with sintering commencing between 700°C and 800°C when it decreases from the initial 71 m2/g to 62 m2/g and at 1000°C there is a mere 5 m2/g of surface area left. During sintering, the micro and meso-porosity is reduced as evidenced by MIP and depicted in figure 1. As may be seen in the figure, sintering decrease the amount of pores below and around 100 Å is reduced at a sintering temperature of 800°C and above. The most suitable catalyst based on the MIP appears to be the one sintered at 850°C which is further strengthened by the Raman analysis. There is a clear shift in the tungsten structure from monoclinic to triclinic between 850°C and 900°C and it is believed that the monoclinic phase is important for activity and selectivity. Further, the heat treatment shows that there is an increase in catalyst acidity measured as mmol NH3/(m2/g) but a decrease in the acid strength as evidenced by a decrease in the desorption peak maximum temperature.

     

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  • 14.
    Brandin, Jan
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Odenbrand, Ingemar
    Lund University .
    Poisoning of SCR Catalysts used in Municipal Waste Incineration Applications2017Ingår i: Topics in catalysis, ISSN 1022-5528, E-ISSN 1572-9028, Vol. 60, nr 17-18, s. 1306-1316Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A commercial vanadia, tungsta on titania SCRcatalyst was poisoned in a side stream in a waste incinerationplant. The effect of especially alkali metal poisoning was observed resulting in a decreased activity at long times of exposure. The deactivation after 2311 h was 36% whilet he decrease in surface area was only 7.6%. Thus the major cause for deactivation was a chemical blocking of acidic sites by alkali metals. The activation–deactivation model showed excellent agreement with experimental data. The model suggests that the original adsorption sites, from the preparation of the catalyst, are rapidly deactivated but are replaced by a new population of adsorption sites due to activation of the catalyst surface by sulphur compounds (SO2, SO3) in the flue gas.

  • 15.
    Brandin, Jan
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Tunér, Martin
    Lunds Tekniska Högskola.
    Odenbrand, Ingemar
    Lunds Tekniska Högskola.
    Small Scale Gasifiction: Gas Engine CHP for Biofuels2011Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    I ett gemensamt projekt har Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö och Lunds Tekniska Högskola, på uppdrag av Energimyndigheten, genomfört en inventering av teknik och system för småskalig kombinerad värme och kraft produktion via förgasare-gasmotor teknik. Definitionen för småskalighet i denna studie, är anläggningar med en termisk effekt upp till 10 MW(3 MWel) och där bränslet är någon form av biomassa, vanligtvis träbaserad (trä eller skogsavfall) i form av flis, pellets eller spån.

    Projektrapporten innehåller först en deskriptiv del över teknikens ståndpunkt inom småskalig förgasning, gasrening och gasmotorer. Den andra delen utgörs av en fallbeskrivning för de olika anläggningarna som ingår i studien.

    • MEVA Innovations VIPP-VORTEX CHP anläggning
    • DTU:s VIKING CHP anläggning
    • Bio-kraftverket i Güssing
    • Harboøre CHP anläggning
    • Skive CHP anläggning

    I fallbeskrivningarna gås anläggningarnas särdrag, funktioner samt enhetsoperationer igenom, samt vilken typ av bränsle som används och vilka verkningsgrader som uppnås. Investerings- och driftskostnaderna, där sådana är tillgängliga, presenteras tillsammans med uppgifter på anläggningarnas tillgänglighet. Även en internationell utblick, huvudsakligen fokuserad på utvecklingsländer, har genomförts.   

    Generellt sett är tekniken tillräckligt mogen för kommersialisering. Det finns dock en del enhetsoperationer, t.ex. tjärkrackning och tjärreformering, som behöver fortsatt forskning och utveckling. Fortsatt utveckling av systemen kommer förmodligen att göra prestandan för anläggningarna än mera lika och öka elverkningsgraden till 30-40 % med en total verkningsgrad runt 90 %.

    Harboøre-, Güssing- och Skiveanläggningarna är avsedda som kommunala kraft-värmeanläggningar medan Viking och VIPP-VORTEX är avsedda att ersätta mindre varmvattencentraler i fjärrvärmenätet. Bimass Gasification Group DTU och MEVA Innovation har också identifierat en potentiellt stor marknad i utvecklingsländer i Asien.     

    Förslag till områden för fortsatt forsknings och utvecklingsarbete:

    • Gasrening/Gasuppgradering
    • Användning av producerat värme
    • System integration/optimering
    • Småskalig syre-produktion
    • Vidareutveckling av gasmotorer
    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    Gas Engine CHP for Biofuels.pdf
  • 16.
    Cao, Wenhan
    et al.
    University of Strathclyde, UK.
    Li, Jun
    University of Strathclyde, UK.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Zhang, Xiaolei
    University of Strathclyde, UK.
    Release of potassium in association with structural evolution during biomass combustion2021Ingår i: Fuel, ISSN 0016-2361, E-ISSN 1873-7153, Vol. 287, s. 1-9, artikel-id 119524Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A mechanistic understanding of potassium release is essential to mitigate the potassium-induced ash problems during biomass combustion. This work studies the effects of operational condition on the potassium release and transition during the combustion of wheat straw, and elucidate the release potential of potassium associated with the structural change of biomass particles. The combustion tests were carried out in a laboratory-scale reactor, working in a wide range of temperatures and heating rates. It was found that the combustion of biomass sample at a temperature up to 1000 °C results in a release of over 60% of its initial potassium content. Raising the heating rate from 8 °C/min to 25 °C/min could lead to an additional release of up to 20% of the initial amount of potassium. A three-stage potassium release mechanism has been concluded from this work: the initial-step release stage (below 400 °C), the holding stage (400–700 °C) and the second-step release stage (above 700 °C). Comprehensive morphology analysis with elemental (i.e. K, S, O, Si) distribution was carried out; the results further confirmed that potassium is likely to exist inside the stem-like tunnel of biomass particles, mainly in forms of inorganic salts. During the heating-up process, the breakdown and collapse of biomass particle structure could expose the internally located potassium and thus accelerate the release of potassium and the transform of its existing forms. Lastly, a detailed temperature-dependent release mechanism of potassium was proposed, which could be used as the guidance to mitigate the release of detrimental potassium compounds by optimising the combustion process.

  • 17.
    Cowie, Annette L.
    et al.
    University of New England, Australia.
    Berndes, Göran
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Bentsen, Niclas Scott
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Brandão, Miguel
    KTH Royal instute of technology, Sweden.
    Cherubini, Francesco
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
    Egnell, Gustaf
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    George, Brendan
    NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia.
    Gustavsson, Leif
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Hanewinkel, Marc
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Harris, Zoe M.
    Imperial College London, UK;University of Surrey, UK.
    Johnsson, Filip
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Junginger, Martin
    Utrecht University, Netherlands.
    Kline, Keith L.
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.
    Koponen, Kati
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland.
    Koppejan, Jaap
    ProBiomass BV, Netherlands.
    Kraxner, Florian
    International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria.
    Lamers, Patrick
    National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA.
    Majer, Stefan
    DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH, Germany.
    Marland, Eric
    Appalachian State University, USA.
    Nabuurs, Gert-Jan
    Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands.
    Pelkmans, Luc
    IEA Bioenergy TCP/CAPREA Sustainable Solutions, Belgium.
    Sathre, Roger
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Schaub, Marcus
    Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Switzerland.
    Smith Jr., Charles Tattersall
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Soimakallio, Sampo
    Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Finland.
    Van Der Hilst, Floor
    Utrecht University, Netherlands.
    Woods, Jeremy
    Imperial College London, UK.
    Ximenes, Fabiano A.
    NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia.
    Applying a science-based systems perspective to dispel misconceptions about climate effects of forest bioenergy2021Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy, ISSN 1757-1693, E-ISSN 1757-1707, Vol. 13, nr 8, s. 1210-1231Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract The scientific literature contains contrasting findings about the climate effects of forest bioenergy, partly due to the wide diversity of bioenergy systems and associated contexts, but also due to differences in assessment methods. The climate effects of bioenergy must be accurately assessed to inform policy-making, but the complexity of bioenergy systems and associated land, industry and energy systems raises challenges for assessment. We examine misconceptions about climate effects of forest bioenergy and discuss important considerations in assessing these effects and devising measures to incentivize sustainable bioenergy as a component of climate policy. The temporal and spatial system boundary and the reference (counterfactual) scenarios are key methodology choices that strongly influence results. Focussing on carbon balances of individual forest stands and comparing emissions at the point of combustion neglect system-level interactions that influence the climate effects of forest bioenergy. We highlight the need for a systems approach, in assessing options and developing policy for forest bioenergy that: (1) considers the whole life cycle of bioenergy systems, including effects of the associated forest management and harvesting on landscape carbon balances; (2) identifies how forest bioenergy can best be deployed to support energy system transformation required to achieve climate goals; and (3) incentivizes those forest bioenergy systems that augment the mitigation value of the forest sector as a whole. Emphasis on short-term emissions reduction targets can lead to decisions that make medium- to long-term climate goals more difficult to achieve. The most important climate change mitigation measure is the transformation of energy, industry and transport systems so that fossil carbon remains underground. Narrow perspectives obscure the significant role that bioenergy can play by displacing fossil fuels now, and supporting energy system transition. Greater transparency and consistency is needed in greenhouse gas reporting and accounting related to bioenergy.

  • 18.
    Dagbro, Ola
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Studies on Industrial-Scale Thermal Modification of Wood2016Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Wood as a raw material is useful for many purposes even though some properties are less than optimal, for example, dimensional stability and durability. These characteristics can however be improved by different treatment methods. Environmental awareness has led to an increased demand for environmentally friendly processes like thermal modification that does not add any chemicals to the wood in contrast to, for example, CCA-impregnated wood.This thesis mainly focuses on thermally modified wood from species such as pine, spruce and birch. The thesis present studies of physical attributes such as color, and chemical analysis of water-soluble compounds and degradation products. Treatment intensity is compared between two different industrial processes referred as Thermowood and WTT, which use respectively superheated steam and pressurized steam as heating media.Thermal modification processes darken the color of wood throughout its cross-section. The formation of darker color is related to a degradation processes that takes place during thermal modification. During thermal modification wood is exposed to temperatures between 160 - 220°C, and the temperature causes physical and chemical transformations that change some of the wood properties. Dimensional stability and durability are typically improved, but mechanical strength properties are usually negatively affected by the treatment.The studied wood species were Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Birch (Betula pendula L.). Treatments using pressurized steam were carried out under temperatures of 160°C, 170°C and 180°C, and treatments using superheated steam at normal air pressure were carried out at temperatures of 190°C and 212°C. Results showed that similar L* (lightness) can be reached at lower temperatures using pressurized steam compared to superheated steam. The residual moisture content after completed thermal modification was approximately 10% higher in wood treated with the pressurized steam process. It was found that despite an approximately 25°C lower treatment temperature, birch modified in pressurized steam was more acidic compared to birch modified in superheated steam. This will likely have further consequences, requiring more research concerning surface treatment and fixation.The thesis also includes the development of an industrial-quality control procedure based on nondestructive color measurements verified in industrial environment. Treatment intensity in industry is today certified by inspection of documented process schedule and measuring the temperature and time of the process. Quality control in this context refers to the measurement of wood color as an indirect measure of treatment intensity. The color in our study was measured using L*C*H color space. The study shows that it is possible for quality control purposes to measure the color of thermally modified wood from the surfaces of planed boards instead of sawdust or board cross sections that have been used in other studies.The thesis has a final section about academia-industry collaboration that describes how trust building was established through a fruitful relationship involving academia and regional wood products industry in northern Sweden. The study presents an example of a successful research and development alliance between university and a group of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This alliance has been a great example on international collaboration involving researchers originating from Finland, China, Bangladesh, Spain, Russia and Sweden. Through an in-depth multi-year study of how the research cooperation developed, the paper describes how the involved companies successfully entered into a new segment of the market.

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    fulltext
  • 19.
    Dagbro, Ola
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Torniainen, Petteri
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Olov
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Morén, Tom
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Colour responses from wood, thermally modified in superheated steam and pressurized steam atmospheres2010Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering, ISSN 1748-0272, E-ISSN 1748-0280, Vol. 5, nr 3, s. 211-219Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, two different methods were used to produce thermally modified wood. One was carried out in a typical kiln drying chamber using superheated steam (SS) and the other used pressurized steam in an autoclave cylinder (PS). Overall, both processes followed the same principles and the wood was not treated with any chemicals. Two wood species were studied, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Treatments in the autoclave were carried out under pressure using temperatures of 160°C, 170°C and 180°C. Temperatures of 190°C and 212°C were used in treatments in the chamber at normal air pressure. The colour was measured using L*C*H colour space. Results for both species showed that similar L* (lightness) can be reached at lower (20-308C) temperatures using PS compared with SS treatment. The hue angle of PS-treated wood was smaller than that of SS-treated wood. No significant difference in C* (chroma) was detected. The difference in E value between PS- and SS-treated wood was smaller for Norway spruce than for Scots pine. The residual moisture content was about 10% higher in wood treated by the PS process compared with the SS process

  • 20.
    Dali, Moussa
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ).
    Återvinning av rökgaskondensat till spädvatten på kraftvärmeverk i Karlskrona.: Projektet syftar till att uppnå flera miljövänliga mål, inklusive att minska dricksvatten förbrukningen och minimera industriella utsläpp i naturen2023Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta självständiga arbete utfördes på kraftvärmeanläggningen Affärsverken AB i Karlskrona med syfte att minska stadens vattenförbrukning, minimera utsläpp i naturen och bidra till globala miljömål. Se bilagor (7–10) för mer information.Projektet omfattade flera perspektiv, inklusive tekniker för att rena rökgaskondensat och de ekonomiska aspekterna av ett sådant projekt. Sammanfattningsvis syftar projektet till att förbättra effektiviteten och hållbarheten i kraftvärmeverket. Studiebesöket på kraftvärmeverket i Karlskrona har gett information om flödet av kommunalt vatten och rökgaskondensat mängden som används för att bestämma återvinningen av vatten och mängden rökgaskondensat som behövs. Detta kommer att användas för att utvärdera teknikerna för att rena rökgaskondensatet och de ekonomiska aspekterna av projektet.Målet med projektet var att minska stadens vattenkonsumtion på kraftvärmeverket genom att använda rökgaskondensat istället för stadsvatten. Detta minskar kostnaden för råvatten och bidrar till att uppnå globala miljömål. Konstruktion och installation kan kombineras med befintliga anläggningar, utrustning och ekonomiska faktorer som tas i beaktning vid valet av lösning. En hållbar och kostnadseffektiv lösning bör väljas för att minska stadens vattenkonsumtion utan att påverka produktiviteten.

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  • 21.
    Dorn, Michael
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggteknik (BY).
    Tuvendal, Helena
    Södra skogsägarna, Sweden.
    Henrik, Oxfall
    Swerea, Sweden.
    Serrano, Erik
    Lund university, Sweden.
    FBBB 4.3 Biobaserade skivmaterial: Experimentella undersökningar2018Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten är del av projektet Framtidens Byggande och Boende (FBBB), delprojekt 4.3 "Biobaserade skivmaterial". I denna rapport presenteras resultatet av de mekaniska drag- och böjprov såsom DTMA analys. Materialet ”Durapulp”, som tillverkas av Södra, är referensmaterialet i delprojektet. Provkroppar av Durapulp producerades med olika tillverkningsmetoder för att se skillnader i beteenden. Referensmaterialen är trä-baserade skivmaterial som anses vanligt förekommande i byggskeendet.

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  • 22.
    Engström, Henrik
    et al.
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Andersson, Per Ola
    Gregorius, Klaus
    Ohlson, Sten
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Towards a FRET-based immunosensor for continuous carbohydrate monitoring2008Ingår i: JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods, ISSN 0022-1759, E-ISSN 1872-7905, Vol. 333, nr 1-2, s. 107-114Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this report we have evaluated the potential of using fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in a competitive immunosensor for continuous monitoring of the carbohydrate hapten maltose. The cyanine dyes Cy5 and Cy5.5 were used as a donor–acceptor pair by conjugation to maltose-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the monoclonal antibody IgG 39.5, giving Cy5–BSA–maltotriitol (3.1/1/18) and Cy5.5–mAb39.5 (2.2/1), respectively. This antibody with weak affinity towards maltose showed full reversibility to both the free maltose and the maltose-labeled conjugate. It allowed us to measure continuously the maltose content by monitoring the FRET signal change over time due to displacement of Cy5–BSA–maltotriitol from Cy5.5–mAb39.5 inside a semipermeable capsule. A near 22% total increase was seen in the fluorescence intensity ratio I670/I700 in the presence of maltose, with a calculated EC50 = 1.87 ± 0.13 mM (R2 = 0.9984) from the sigmoidal dose–response curve at 25 °C. Specificity of the immunosensor was shown with the structural analog to maltose, cellobiose, and it generated no detectable response. A minor drift in the sensor baseline was seen with 0.4% per 24 h, which was in the same magnitude as the signal-to-noise ratio, during the 4 weeks of measurements. The immunosensor was applied to crude samples of oat drinks for direct quantification of the maltose content. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential to use an immunosensor based on weakly binding antibodies and FRET technology for remote and non-invasive carbohydrate monitoring.

  • 23.
    Engström, Henrik
    et al.
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Andersson, Per Ola
    Ohlson, Sten
    A label-free continuous total-internal-reflection-flourescence-based immunosensor2006Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry, ISSN 0003-2697, Vol. 357, nr 2, s. 159-166Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 24.
    Engström, Henrik
    et al.
    Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Andersson, Per Ola
    Ohlson, Sten
    Analysis of the specificity and thermodynamics of the interaction betwwen low affinity antibodies and carbohydrate antigens using flourescence spectroscopy2005Ingår i: Journal of Immunological Methods, ISSN 0022-1759, Vol. 297, nr 1, s. 203-211Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 25.
    Farinacci, Julie
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Biogas upgrading by Scenedesmus grown in diluted digestate2018Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the work was to examine microalgae growth and nutrient elimination in various diluted digestates in the first trial, then to study CO2 removal from a simulated biogas mixture by the same strain in the second trial. Scenedesmus SCCP K-1826 was cultivated in the digestate from Sundet biogas plant diluted 10, 20 and 30 times. The cultures were open-air with occasional CO2 injections to control pH. On day 15, the best growth was obtained in the 10 times diluted sample. COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies were similar in each bottle as the strain didn’t perform better in any specific dilution. The control proved that additional mechanisms other than photosynthesis contributed to digestate cleaning. Using the 10 times diluted sludge, Scenedesmus was grown in sealed flasks filled with simulated biogas (35.3 % CO2 + 32.3 % CH4 + 32.3 % N2). More algal biomass was produced in this batch culture. Nutrient removal efficiencies were close to the ones reached in the open-air flasks. After 10 days, 96 % of carbon dioxide was reduced. Methane content was depleted as well, possibly due to undesirable methane oxidizing bacteria which infiltrated the medium.

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  • 26.
    Figueroa, Daniela
    et al.
    Umeå University;Umeå Marine Sciences Centre.
    Rowe, O. F.
    Umeå University;University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Paczkowska, Joanna
    Umeå University.
    Legrand, Catherine
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för Hälso- och livsvetenskap (FHL), Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Andersson, Agneta
    Umeå University ; Umeå Marine Sciences Centre.
    Allochthonous Carbon-a Major Driver of Bacterioplankton Production in the Subarctic Northern Baltic Sea2016Ingår i: Microbial Ecology, ISSN 0095-3628, E-ISSN 1432-184X, Vol. 71, nr 4, s. 789-801Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Heterotrophic bacteria are, in many aquatic systems, reliant on autochthonous organic carbon as their energy source. One exception is low-productive humic lakes, where allochthonous dissolved organic matter (ADOM) is the major driver. We hypothesized that bacterial production (BP) is similarly regulated in subarctic estuaries that receive large amounts of riverine material. BP and potential explanatory factors were measured during May-August 2011 in the subarctic Råne Estuary, northern Sweden. The highest BP was observed in spring, concomitant with the spring river-flush and the lowest rates occurred during summer when primary production (PP) peaked. PLS correlations showed that ∼60 % of the BP variation was explained by different ADOM components, measured as humic substances, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). On average, BP was threefold higher than PP. The bioavailability of allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (ADOC) exhibited large spatial and temporal variation; however, the average value was low, ∼2 %. Bioassay analysis showed that BP in the near-shore area was potentially carbon limited early in the season, while BP at seaward stations was more commonly limited by nitrogen-phosphorus. Nevertheless, the bioassay indicated that ADOC could contribute significantly to the in situ BP, ∼60 %. We conclude that ADOM is a regulator of BP in the studied estuary. Thus, projected climate-induced increases in river discharge suggest that BP will increase in subarctic coastal areas during the coming century.

  • 27.
    Forss, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Welander, Ulrika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Biodegradation of azo and anthraquinone dyes in continuous systems2011Ingår i: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, ISSN 0964-8305, E-ISSN 1879-0208, Vol. 65, nr 1, s. 227-237Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose is to develop a complete microbiological model system for the treatment of wastewater

    from textile mills in developing countries. Arti

    fi

    cial wastewater was treated by microorganisms growing

    on wood shavings from Norway spruce during unsterile conditions. The microorganisms were inoculated

    from forest residues. Mixtures of the azo dyes Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Red 2 were degraded in

    batch as well as continuous experiments. Reactive Red 2 mixed with the anthraquinone dye Reactive

    Blue 4 was also treated in the continuous system. The system consisted of three reservoirs

     

     

    e the fi

    rst two

    with an anaerobic environment and the third with an aerobic. The dye concentrations were 200 mg l

     

     

    1

    of

    each dye in the continuous system and the retention time was approximately 4 days and 20 h per

    reservoir. Samples from the process were analysed with spectrophotometer and LC/MS to monitor the

    degradation process. 86-90% of the colour was removed after a treatment of 4 days and 23 h in the

    continuous process. Two metabolites were found in the outlets of reactors one and two, but they were

    degraded to below the detection limit in the aerobic reactor.

     

     

     

  • 28.
    Fu, Jiapeng
    et al.
    Shandong University, China.
    Liu, Zhuhan
    Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
    Wei, Lin
    Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Li, Na
    Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
    Zhou, Qulan
    Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
    Ma, Chunyuan
    Shandong University, China.
    Identification of the running status of membrane walls in an opposed fired model boiler under varying heating loads2020Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering, ISSN 1359-4311, E-ISSN 1873-5606, Vol. 173, s. 1-9, artikel-id 115217Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    To understand the running status of membrane walls in an opposite firing boiler, a scale-down model furnace was established, and the temperature, heat flux, strain and stress distributions are investigated under four heating loads. Results show that the average membrane wall temperature and heat flux present a continuous increase from 42 oC and 16 W/m2 to 96 oC and 50 W/m2, respectively, with the heating load increase from 25% to full load. The average strain and stress also rise from 88.7 µm and 0.094 MPa to 152.5 µm and 0.148 MPa when the heating load increases from 25% to 50%, but then they keep stable when further increasing the heating load. General distribution patterns of each tested parameter are found relatively similar under varying heating loads. High strain and stress distributions are always detected at the middle left zone of side walls and the middle of the rear wall, where wall temperatures are measured high. External fixed constraints and high-temperature thermal strain is found jointly affecting the strain and stress distribution of the membrane wall. A simplified mechanism of how the strain and stress on boiler membrane walls evolve is proposed after comprehensive discussion of the measurement results.

  • 29.
    Fu, Jiapeng
    et al.
    Shandong University, China.
    Zhou, Binxuan
    Shandong University, China.
    Zhang, Zhen
    North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, China.
    Wang, Tao
    Shandong University, China.
    Cheng, Xingxing
    Shandong University, China.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Ma, Chunyuan
    Shandong University, China.
    One-step rapid pyrolysis activation method to prepare nanostructured activated coke powder2020Ingår i: Fuel, ISSN 0016-2361, E-ISSN 1873-7153, Vol. 262, artikel-id 116514Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A one-step rapid pyrolysis activation method is proposed to produce activated coke powder (ACP) via a drop tube reactor by using pulverized Datong coal (DTC) and pine wood (PW) as feedstock. Small feedstock particle size, high heating rate, and effective activation agent, i.e., the mixture of oxygen and steam were arranged for the fast formation and development of various pore structure of ACPs. Detail characteristics of the ACP were investigated by using the nitrogen adsorption measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis. Results showed that the ACP presented well-developed nanostructure with considerable pore volume, specific surface area and surface functional groups. The pore volume and specific surface area of PWC-O6S10 could reach 0.2373 cm3/g and 250.57 m2/g. Activation atmosphere had played an important role to develop the pore structure and morphology of the ACP. Under 6 vol% oxygen concentration, the optimum steam partial pressure for micropore development of DTC was about 15 vol%, while it mostly promoted the growth of mesopores for PWC. All ACP samples presented variety of C/O/N containing surface functional groups, including OH, CH, CC, CO, CO, COC, CN, CN, etc., which remained relatively stable as the activation agents concentration changed.

  • 30.
    Gregeby, Erik
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Welander, Ulrika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Provrötning av marina substrat i laboratorie- och pilotskala: Delstudie i projektet Biogas – Nya substrat från havet2012Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport omfattar delstudie 4 av projektet Biogas-Nya substrat från havet. Inom delstudien har ett antal provrötningar av substrat från havet (vass, musslor, alger och skrapsill) genomförts. Syftet med delstudien var att få fram metanpotentialen för de olika substraten och att öka kunskapen kring hur dessa substrat uppför sig i en biogasprocess. Projektet var ett samverkansprojekt delfinansierat av EU Regionala fonden för Småland och öarna. Projektledare var Regionförbundet i Kalmar län. Inledningsvis genomfördes ett antal satsvisa försök med samtliga substrat. Metanpotentialerna för vassen, musslorna, algerna respektive skarpsillen var 400, 270, ca 210 och 460 Ndm3/kg VS. Ymp hämtades från Kalmar Biogas ABs industriella rötkammare. Vassen samrötades också med industriellt avfall i ett kontinuerligt våtrötningsförsök. Försöket genomfördes i två total omrörda tankreaktorer med volymen 30 l/st. Tillsatsen av vass gav en utökad metanproduktion med 220 Ndm3/kgVS.

    Vassen och musslorna studerades också i torrötningsförsök. Försöken i laboratorieskala genomfördes vid Avdelningen för Bioteknik i Lund medan försöket med musslor i pilotskala genomfördes vid Avdelningen för Bioenergiteknik, Linnéuniversitet. Metanpotentialen för vassen var i torrötningsförsöket ca 220 Ndm3/kg VS vilket är lika med potentialen i våtrötningsförsöket. För musslorna erhölls en metanpotential på 330 Ndm3/kg VS i laboratorieskaleförsöket. Pilotskaleförsöket visade att hydrolysen etablerades på likartat sätt som i laboratorieskaleförsöket. Metanhalten var ca 70 %. En visuell inspektion av musslorna efter rötningen visade också att endast skalen återstod. Det är dock inte möjligt att ange en metanpotential från detta försök beroende på ett antal tekniska problem med processen. Processen byggdes inför detta försök och det fanns inte tid att testköra den samma före försökets start.Arbetet med de satsvisa försöken och det kontinuerliga våtrötningsförsöket av vass genomfördes i samarbete med Kalmar Biogas AB. Detta bland annat genom att Kalmar Biogas AB tillhandahöll sin försöksanläggning med satsvisa och kontinuerliga reaktorer till projektet.

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    fulltext
  • 31.
    Gustafsson, Eva
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Seemann, Martin C.
    Rodin, Jennie
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Hot Product Gas from Indirect Steam Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasification of Wood Pellets2011Ingår i: Energy & Fuels, ISSN 0887-0624, E-ISSN 1520-5029, Vol. 25, nr 4, s. 1781-1789Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study characterized the particulate matter (PM) formed during the indirect steam bubbling fluidized bed gasification of wood pellets at atmospheric pressure. A system including a dilution probe, a bed of granular activated carbon, and a thermodenuder was used to sample the PM at high temperature with the aim of separating it from condensing inorganic vapors and tars. The particle mass size distribution was bimodal with a fine mode in the <0.5-μm size range and a dominating coarse mode in the >0.5-μm size range. The coarse mode was representatively characterized while condensing inorganic vapors and tars complicated the evaluation of the results for the fine-mode PM. Morphological analysis of the PM indicated that the char content was low. The inorganic fraction was dominated by potassium and chlorine for fine-mode PM and calcium and silicon for coarse-mode PM.

  • 32.
    Gustafsson, Eva
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Characteristics of aerosol particles from steam and oxygen gasification of various biofuels2010Ingår i: 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition: From resarch to industry and markets, ETA Renewable Energies and WIP Renewable Energies , 2010, s. 900-902Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study investigated how the characteristics of the particulate matter (PM) from steam and oxygen gasification of biomass were affected by the biofuel used. The results show that the biofuel had a large impact on the fine mode PM generated during the gasification, both on the particle size distribution and on the elementary composition. When using miscanthus as fuel, high concentrations of ultrafine particles consisting of potassium chloride were formed compared to when using high- and low-quality wood (wood A and wood B) as fuels. The impact of the biofuel on the coarse mode PM was less in this study. Large amounts of bed material dominated the coarse fraction. However, heavy metals were detected in the coarse mode PM when using wood B, constituting treated wood, as fuel.

  • 33.
    Gustafsson, Eva
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Characterization of Particulate Matter from a Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier Using Different Types of BiomassManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    This study characterized the particulate matter (PM) formed during gasification of different types of biomass in a circulating fluidized bed gasifier at atmospheric pressure. Two systems were used to sample the PM, and both on- and offline analysis techniques were used to characterize the PM. Four different instruments were used to measure the particle mass size distribution and concentration in the size range 0.01–30 µm. The agreement between the instruments was good, and the particle mass size distributions upstream of any cleaning device were bimodal, dominated by the coarse mode (>0.5 µm). The particle mass concentration of the fine mode (<0.5 µm) varied, depending on which biomass was used. The variation in particle mass concentration of the coarse mode was less, and was due to different loads of bed material and various ash contents in the biomass. The morphological analysis of the PM showed that the char content was low and that the PM was dominated by ash and bed material. The coarse-mode PM was rich in magnesium and calcium, while potassium and chlorine were prevalent in the fine-mode PM. The elementary composition of the PM varied between the different types of biomass used and heavy metals, that is, zinc and lead, were detected in low concentrations when using demolition wood as fuel.

  • 34.
    Gustafsson, Eva
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK.
    Characterization of particulate matter in the hot product gas from atmospheric fluidized bed biomass gasifiers2011Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN 0961-9534, E-ISSN 1873-2909, Vol. 35, nr Supplement 1, s. 71-78Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study compares the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in the hot product gas from three different atmospheric fluidized bed biomass gasifiers: a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasifier, and an indirect BFB gasifier (the latter integrated with a CFB boiler). All gasifiers displayed a bimodal particle mass size distribution with a fine mode in the <0.5 μm size range and a coarse mode in the >0.5 μm size range. Compared with the mass concentration of the coarse mode the mass concentration of the fine mode was low in all gasifiers. For both the BFB and CFB gasifiers the fine-mode PM had a similar inorganic composition, indicating an origin from the ash and the magnesite bed material used in both gasifiers. In the indirect BFB gasifier the fine-mode PM was instead dominated by potassium and chlorine, and the tar fraction properties evoked tar condensation in the sampling system that affected mainly the fine-mode PM. The coarse-mode PM in the BFB gasifier was dominated by char fragments abraded from the pyrolyzed wood pellets. In the CFB gasifier the coarse-mode PM was mainly ash and magnesite bed material that passed through the process cyclone. In the indirect BFB gasifier the coarse-mode PM was mainly ash, probably originating both from the BFB gasifier and the CFB boiler.

  • 35.
    Gustavsson, Leif
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Haus, Sylvia
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Ortiz, Carina
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Sathre, Roger
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Truong, Nguyen Le
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Dynamic impacts of forest residues on primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions2014Ingår i: The 9th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems - SDEWES. September 20 - 27, 2014, Venice-Istanbul, 2014Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 36.
    Gustavsson, Leif
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Truong, Nguyen Le
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Bioenergy pathways for cars: Effects on primary energy use, climate change and energy system integration2016Ingår i: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 115, nr 3, s. 1779-1789Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Different pathways and technologies can be used to convert woody biomass to transport services, but the biomass use and climate implications vary strongly between the alternatives. This study focuses on primary energy use and climate change effects of using bioenergy for transportation in the context of a renewable-based energy system. Integrated pathways to improve the energy efficiency of power and transportation sectors and integrated intermittent renewable energy are considered. The results show that the bioenergy pathway that produces biomotor fuels to replace fossil fuels leads to high primary energy use and instantaneous biogenic CO2 emission per km of driving distance, thus increasing global warming during the first 40e50 years, compared to fossil alternatives. The electric vehicle pathway using bioelectricity from combined heat and power plants leads to immediate global cooling and much greater climate benefits in the long run compared to biomotor fuels. Climate change effects of light-duty vehicles could be strongly reduced by changes in technology together with system integration that links the transport sector to the electricity and heating sectors. The use of biomass should be considered in the context of the overall integrated energy system, and in relation to the development of energy conversion technologies between different sectors.

  • 37.
    Hansen, Björn
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Gustavsson, Pongthep
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Kemiska och mikrobiella hot i ett återcirkulerande reningssystem: Undersökning av möjligheten att implementera ett reningssystem som återvinner processvatten.2019Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta arbetet är ett avhandlingsprojekt på kandidatnivå inom programmet Energi- och miljöteknik på Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö. Projektets avsikt är att analysera möjligheten att installera ett reningssystem där processvattnet renas och återanvändas för ändamålets syfte. En av fördelarna med ett återcirkulerandesystem är att miljöpåverkan minimeras så att kommande generationer har möjligheter att tillfredsställa sina behov. Volvo CE, Braås vill förvissa om att det fotavtryck företaget lämnar jorden är så litet som möjligt. Företaget arbetar därför kontinuerligt med kvalitet och miljö för att ideligen verka för en bättre miljö.

    Genom att installera ett återcirkulerandesystem kan hälsorisker förekomma för personaler som berörs om inte projektplaneringen är noggrann genomtänkt. Risker som kan uppstå i systemet är bakterietillväxt, men även såväl som tungmetallansamling. Med hjälp av data och litteraturer inom området har det fastställt att flera lösningar är kommersiellt tillgängliga för att desinficera processvattnet. Den rekommenderande saneringsmetod är UV-desinfektion, eftersom den är mest praktiska och ekonomiskt hållbara för företaget.

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    Examensarbete_pongthep_gustavsson_bjorn_hansen
  • 38.
    Helgesson, Per Otto Ragnar
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ).
    Båberg, Gustaf Elias
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ).
    Biogasframställning på kryssningsfartyg2018Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (högskoleexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bränsle är en av det största kostnaden för sjöfart och ny teknik tas fram för att spara bränsle. Men det finns potential att tillverka bränsle på kryssningsfartyg. En av de största utgifterna för att tillverka biogas iland är uppvärmning av substratet, denna kostnad kan elimineras på fartyg genom att använda spillvärme från motorer och ångsystem.  

    Detta arbete undersöker möjligheten att producera biogas av toalett- och matavfall som dagligen skapas på kryssningsfartyg, vilka komponenter som behövs samt beräkningar av utrymme de skulle ta och hur stor mängd gas som kan tänkas produceras.

    Rapporten utfördes genom att undersöka hur biogas produceras i land, vilka är de vanligaste teknikerna som används idag och om de är teknisk möjliga att ha på kryssningsfartyg.

    För att räkna ut gaspotential samt volym för tankar och reaktor har data samlat in från fyra kryssningsfartyg, data för toalettavfall har tagit från land. Resultatet av beräkningarna blev att potential att tillverka biogas finns men att mängden gas inte kan motivera kostnaden för att installera en biogasanläggning på ett kryssningsfartyg.

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    Biogasframställning på kryssningsfartyg
  • 39.
    Hermansson, Sven
    et al.
    SP.
    Backéus, Sofia
    Bohman, Christoffer
    Gulliksson, Hans
    Larsson, Sylvia
    Strand, Michael
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Öhman, Marcu
    Testbädd Mellanskalig Biorbränsleförbränning - en förstudie2014Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Conversion of biomass to heat and power plays an important role in the transition of the Swedish energy system from fossil based to renewables. For manufacturers and users of medium scale combustion plants (0.5 – approx. 15 MWth), a spectrum of challenges are accounted with both today’s and future flexible use of modern biomass fuels. Such challenges are e.g. fuel handling and processing together with combustion instabilities caused by new fuels with resulting ware-and-tear and elevated emission levels. However, the possibilities to test and try out new innovations is very limited, which is why a Test Bed has the potential to significantly contribute to the innovation growth within the sector. The purpose of this feasibility study therefore to investigate the prerequisites for the establishment of a Test Bed for Medium Scale Biomass Combustion. The fundament of the feasibility study is a survey of the existing infrastructure for testing and innovation development of medium scale biomass combustion, which could be further developed and interconnected. Furthermore, a broad inquiry has been performed among market actors, focusing on the present and future need together with existing conditions for taking part in the development of a test bed. These first two steps has then been synthesized into recommendations on how a test bed should be developed and exploited by relevant actors. The major conclusions and recommendations of the feasibility study are:  A cost efficient and innovative Test Bed system for medium scale biomass combustion could be developed by enhanced cooperation between passive test-bed like plants and systems, industrial testing plants and research activities,  Development of a test bed system is hindered by the fact that there is no clear receiver of such system on the market. Stake holder cooperation is today weak, which makes common investments and financing impossible  There is no economic support for the erection of new, dedicated test bed facilities for medium scale biomass combustion,  Pre-treatment of biomass raw material with the purpose of enhancing fuel quality simultaneously refining products from the biomass has been found to show good potential for further development of test beds. This study therefore recommends that such investigation should be taken under consideration.

  • 40.
    Hosseinpourpia, Reza
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT). Linnéuniversitetet, Kunskapsmiljöer Linné, Avancerade material.
    Adamopoulos, Stergios
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT).
    Parsland, Charlotte
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Utilization of different tall oils for improving the water resistance of cellulosic fibers2019Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 136, nr 13, artikel-id 47303Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study was conducted to assess the effect of the pulping by-products crude tall oil (CTO), distilled tall oil (DTO), andtall oil fatty acid (TOFA) on dynamic water vapor sorption behavior, interfiber strength, and thermal stability of cellulosic paper-sheets.The results were compared against those obtained in cellulose papers treated with the conventional petroleum-derived hydrophobicagent hydrowax and in untreated ones. The tall oil treatments caused strong reduction in equilibrium moisture content of the paper-sheets during adsorption and desorption runs. The same trend was noticed for the hydrowax-treated papers, however, it was lesspronounced than the CTO-treated and DTO-treated samples in the relative humidity range of 75–95%. The sorption hysteresis was con-siderably decreased after the treatments. The ultimate dry-tensile strengths of the paper-sheets were significantly reduced by TOFA andhydrowax treatments, while CTO and DTO showed comparable strength as that of untreated control. The ultimate wet-strengths of thepaper-sheets were improved after the treatments. The thermal stability of the specimens was improved by the tall oil treatments, and thehydrowax-treated samples illustrated lower degradation temperature than the untreated control. The results are promising for the use oftall oils as alternative hydrophobic agents of cellulosicfiber-based products, such as wood panels and paper packaging.

  • 41.
    Hulteberg, Christian
    et al.
    Biofuel-Solution i Malmö AB (Lund University/Chemical engineering).
    Brandin, Jan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK. Biofuel-Solution i Malmö AB.
    A Process for Producing Acrolein2012Patent (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    Disclosed is a process for dehydrating glycerol into acrolein over an acidic catalyst in gas phase in the presence of hydrogen, minimizing side reactions forming carbon deposits on the catalyst.

  • 42.
    Hulteberg, Christian
    et al.
    Biofuel-Solution i Malmö AB ( Lund University/ Chemical Engineering) .
    Brandin, Jan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK. Biofuel-Solution i Malmö AB.
    Method for Hydrogenating 1,2-Unsaturated Carbonylic Compounds2011Patent (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    Disclosed is a method of hydrogenating an1,2-unsaturated carbonylic compound to obtain the corresponding saturated carbonylic compound in the presence of a palladium catalyst with heterogeneous distribution of palladium

  • 43.
    Hulteberg, Christian
    et al.
    Biofuel-solution I Malmö AB (Lund University/ Chemical Engineering).
    Brandin, Jan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK. Biofuel-Solution i Malmö AB.
    Process for Preparing Lower Hydrocarbons from Glycerol2011Patent (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    The present invention relates to a process of preparing hydrocarbons from oxygenated hydrocarbons by use of at least two catalysts.

  • 44.
    Hulteberg, Christian
    et al.
    Biofuel-solution i Malmö AB (Lund University/Chemical Engineering).
    Brandin, Jan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för naturvetenskap och teknik, Institutionen för teknik, TEK. Biofuel-solution i Malmö AB.
    Woods, Richard Root
    Primafuel Inc. (US).
    Porter, Brook
    Primafuel inc. (US).
    Gas Phase Process for Monoalcohol Production from Glycerol2008Patent (Övrig (populärvetenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [en]

    A method of producing short chain alcohols from glycerol generated as a byproduct of biodiesel production is provided.

  • 45.
    Isik, Güldem
    Växjö universitet, Fakulteten för matematik/naturvetenskap/teknik, Institutionen för teknik och design.
    Bifiltration of air polluted with alpha-pinene2008Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (yrkesexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om en ökning av biofilterytans hydrofobicitet kan förbättra effektiviteten med avseende på nedbrytning av en hydrofob förening såsom -pinen. En hydrofob yta skulle kunna medföra en ökning i adsorption av hydrofoba föroreningar vilket i sin tur skulle kunna öka tillgängligheten hos föroreningarna för mikroorganismerna. Försöken utfördes med hjälp av två biofilter fyllda med perlit. Ett filter fylldes med obehandlad perlit medan det andra filtret fylldes med perlit som blandats med silikonlja. Båda filtren ympades med mikroorganismer som växt på träflis. Dessa mikroorganismer är anpassade för att bryta ner -pinen då denna förening friges i stora mängder från trä. Resultaten visar att filtret innehållande perlit täckt med silikonolja var mer effektivt med avseende på nedbrytning avpinen under den första tiden av studien (de första 30 dagarna). Skillnaden i effektivitet mellan filtren minskade dock betydligt med tiden så att skillnaden inte var signifikant under resten av studien. Prover från vätskefasen från de båda filtren undersöktes i mikroskop. Dessa studier visade att olika mikroorganismer dominerade i de båda filtren. Filtret innehållande oljetäckt perlit dominerades av stavformiga bakterier medan filtret innehållande obehandlad perlit dominerades av kocker. Båda filtren innehöll en blandkultur av kocker och stavar. Dessutom växte svamp i båda filtren. Dessa resultat visar att en förändring av ytans hydrofobicitet inte bara kan leda till en ökad adsorption av förorening utan den kan också leda till att andra mikroorganismer får en dominerande roll i filtret. Den maximala nedbrytningshastigheten låg mellan 35 och 40 g pinen/(m3h) under hela studien förutom de 30 första dagarna oberoende av luftflödeshastighet (1,5 , 2,5 respektive 5 l/min). Den maximala nedbrytningshastigheten under inledningen av försöket var 15 g/(m3 h) för filtret innehållande obehandlad perlit och 20 g/(m3h) för filtret innehållande oljetäckt perlit. Luftflödet var 2,5 l/min under den inledande perioden. Ökningen i nedbrytningshastighet med tiden indikerar att mikroorganismerna anpassade sig till miljön. Den relativt konstanta nedbrytningshastigheten under resten av studien indikerar att det var de biokemiska reaktionerna som var hastighetsbegränsande och att masstransporten inte hade någon dominerande roll med avseende på att begränsa hastigheten.

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  • 46.
    Jansson, Anette
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET). University of Borås, Sweden.
    Patinvoh, Regina J.
    Lagos State Univ, Nigeria.
    Horvath, Ilona Sarvari
    University of Borås, Sweden.
    Taherzadeh, Mohammad J.
    University of Borås, Sweden.
    Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Food and Paper Industry Wastes at Different Solid Contents2019Ingår i: Fermentation, E-ISSN 2311-5637, Vol. 5, nr 2, s. 1-10, artikel-id 40Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A large volume of food is being wasted every year, while the pulp and paper industry also generate a large amount of solid wastes on a daily basis, causing environmental challenges around the world. Dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of these solid wastes is a cost-effective method for proper management. However, dry digestion of these waste streams has been restricted due to their complex structure, the presence of possible inhibitors and inappropriate operating conditions. In light of this fact, dry digestion of food waste (FW) and paper wastes (PW) was conducted at different total solid (TS) concentrations of reactor mixtures of 14%, 16%, 18% and 20% TS, corresponding to substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio of 0.5 and 1; investigating the optimum operating conditions for effective dry digestion of these complex wastes. The highest methane yields of 402 NmlCH(4)/gVS and 229 NmlCH(4)/gVS were obtained from digestion of FW and PW, respectively at 14%TS corresponding to an S/I ratio of 0.5. Increasing the S/I ratio from 0.5 to 1 and thereby having a TS content of 20% in the reactor mixtures was unfavorable to the digestion of both substrates.

  • 47.
    Jansson, Anette
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Rupar-Gadd, Katarina
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Forss, Jörgen
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Welander, Ulrika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Pilot-Scale Experiments Using Cultivated Macro Algae for Biogas Production, Part of a Future Seafarm Biorefinery2016Ingår i: 24th EUBCE Online Proceedings 2016: Setting the course for a biobased economy. Held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 6 - 9 June 2016, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies , 2016, s. 627-629Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The research is focused on evaluation of substrates not commonly used for biogas production and the development and optimization of processes adjusted to these substrates. This study deals with evaluation of sea weeds (Saccharina Lattisima and Laminaria digitata). Biomethane potential tests (BMP) have shown the methane potential of the algae to be 180-440 l CH4/kg organic material. These potentials are in the same range as potentials found for commonly used substrates such as sewage sludge and slaughterhouse waste. Sampling of produced biogas, substrate and digest were performed by using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis by a Gas Chromatograph with a Mass Spectrometrer (GC-MS) in order to develop a method to be able to characterize, monitor and possibly control the process.

  • 48.
    Jiang, Junfei
    et al.
    Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China.
    Lang, Lin
    Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China.
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Liu, Huacai
    Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China.
    Yin, Xiuli
    Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China.
    Wu, Chuang-zhi
    Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China.
    Partial oxidation of filter cake particles from biomass gasification process in the simulated product gas environment2018Ingår i: Energy & Fuels, ISSN 0887-0624, E-ISSN 1520-5029, Vol. 32, nr 2, s. 1703-1710Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Filtration failure occurs when filter media is blocked by accumulated solid particles. Suitable operating conditions were investigated for cake cleaning by partial oxidation of filter-cake particles (FCP) during biomass gasification. The mechanism of the FCP partial oxidation was investigated in a ceramic filter and by using thermo-gravimetric analysis through a temperature-programmed route in a 2 vol.% O2–N2 environment. Partial oxidation of the FCP in the simulated product gas environment was examined at 300–600°C in a ceramic filter that was set and heated in a laboratory-scale fixed reactor. Four reaction stages, namely drying, pre-oxidation, complex oxidation and non-oxidation, occurred in the FCP partial oxidation when the temperature increased from 30°C to 800°C in a 2 vol.% O2–N2 environment. Partial oxidation was more effective for FCP mass loss from 275 to 725°C. Experimental results obtained in a ceramic filter indicated that the best operating temperature and FCP loading occurred at 400°C and 1.59 g/cm2, respectively. The FCP were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Brunaeur–Emmett–Teller before and after partial oxidation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that partial oxidation of the FCP can result in a significant decrease in C–Hn (alkyl and aromatic) groups and an increase in C=O (carboxylic acids) groups. The scanning electron microscopy and Brunaeur–Emmett–Teller analysis suggests that during partial oxidation, the FCP underwent pore or pit formation, expansion, amalgamation and destruction.

  • 49.
    Jiang, Wen
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT).
    Kumar, Anuj
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT). Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland.
    Adamopoulos, Stergios
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT).
    Liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials and its applications in wood adhesives — A review2018Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print), ISSN 0926-6690, E-ISSN 1872-633X, Vol. 124, s. 325-342Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Liquefaction, a useful method of turning whole biomass into liquids, provides advantages for energy andpolymers and finds applications in many sectors. This paper reviews the different liquefaction technologies andrecent advances in the development of sustainable wood adhesives. Current liquefaction technologies includehydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and moderate acid-catalyzed liquefaction (MACL). HTL produces bio-oils asprimary products, and solid residues and gases as by-products. MACL depends on the solvent types used, whichare grouped to polyhydric alcohols and phenols. Bio-polyols from alcohol liquefaction, phenolated biomass fromphenol liquefaction and phenolic compounds rich-HTL bio-oils have been used in the production of liquefiedbiomass-based adhesives, which have shown competitive properties but face challenges for industrial uses. Yet, abetter understanding of reaction pathways and optimization of the liquefaction processes is needed.

  • 50.
    Johansson, Wanja
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Lin, Leteng
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET).
    Full year assessment of small-scale biomass-fueled district heating system with waste heat recovery2022Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings / [ed] Chevet P.-F., Scarlat N., Grassi A., ETA-Florence Renewable Energies , 2022, s. 696-698Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of biomass for district heating is a carbon neutral and efficient way to heat buildings. To ensure a sustainable use of the biomass, it is important to ensure a high thermal efficiency not only in combustion facilities of all sizes. In this paper, the thermal efficiency of a 3 MW combustion unit with recovery of waste flue gas energy has been evaluated, using process data from a full year. A decreased efficiency is observed at boiler loads below 1 MW, while the efficiency is more stable at higher load. The furnace and boiler efficiency are stable over different moisture contents of the fuel, while the efficiency including heat recovery is greatly enhanced at high moisture content. High return water temperature was linked to a decreased efficiency of the whole system due to decreased efficiency of the heat recovery unit.

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