The results of this thesis indicate that Västra Mark constitutes a complex contaminatedsite characterized by heterogeneous fill materials and an uncertain spatial delineation. Thegeological and hydrogeological conditions, together with the stormwater system, suggestthat contaminants may be transported toward Bäckaslöv wetland and Södra Bergundasjön. To assess this, water samples and sediment samples were taken and analyzed andthe results suggest that while there is some contamination with heavy metals like strontium, aluminum and zinc and contamination with PFAS, no acute measures to addressthis pollution are necessary.

The construction and infrastructure sector accounts for a substantial share of global material use and carbon emissions. Large volumes of excavated materials are generated during construction projects and are frequently transported to landfill, despite having potential for reuse or recycling. Inefficient material management leads to unnecessary resource losses, increased transport demand, and increased environmental impact, highlighting the need for more circular approaches to material management.

The purpose of this study was to analyze current practices for managing excavated materials and to identify opportunities to increase reuse and recycling within the construction industry. The study was conducted as a qualitative case study within NCC Sverige AB, department Civil South East, and included twelve construction and infrastructure projects. Data collection consisted of document studies and semi-structured meetings with key project personnel involved in material management.

The results revealed significant variation in landfill rates between projects, ranging from 0 to 94 percent, primarily influenced by the technical properties and contamination levels of the materials. Clay and organic sediments were landfilled to a large extent due to limited opportunities for reuse or recycling. The study identified technical, organizational, legal, and logistical barriers to circular material management, including waste classification of excavated materials, complex permit processes, and the lack of digital tools for coordinating material flows. The conclusions emphasize the importance of early project planning and the implementation of digital platforms and regional storage sites to support circular material management.

Keywords: excavated materials, material management, circular material management, reuse, recycling, landfill

In the field of wartime persuasion, scholarship is primarily focused on either the construction of political messaging or on the context in which the political message is received. This leaves a gap in wartime persuasion scholarship: how do pre-existing cultural structures condition wartime persuasion?  

This paper bridges the gap between these two contexts, exploring the role of the Mould-Sway framework as connective tissue between these two perspectives. For this purpose, it utilizes comparative qualitative research, analysing elite political discourse over the course of multiple leadership periods in the United States and the People’s Republic of China.  

The paper empirically finds that long-term cultural structures develop and reproduce a repertoire of cultural relics, from which political actors can draw legitimacy for their short-term acts of political persuasion. This mechanism is observed in both cases, although it manifests in separate ways, taking on a competitive character in the United States whereas it takes on a more institutional character in the Chinese case. The findings suggest that political persuasion occurs within pre-existing cultural landscapes that condition which appeals are available to political actors.

Sanctions screening is a key control used to identify transactions and customers that maybe linked to sanctioned individuals, organizations, or countries. Although the processincreasingly relies on data and analytics, operational challenges can still affect itsefficiency in daily screening activities. This study explores how data and analytics areused in sanctions screening and how they can affect value creation and value capture inthe daily work. A qualitative single-case study was performed at a large Nordic bank. Thestudy is based on five semi-structured interviews and internal organizational processdocuments. Alter’s Work System Theory was used to examine how information,technology, participants, processes, and organizational conditions interact. The findingsshow that data and analytics through automated matching, filtering, and support fordecision-making can create value. The value is, however, not always fully realized, aschallenges within the screening process can limit the benefits achieved in dailyoperations. The study concludes that effective sanctions screening doesn’t only depend onhaving accurate technology but also on how well the overall work system supports thescreening process and enables the potential value of data and analytics to be realized indaily operations.

Bakgrund: Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett nationellt och globalt utbrett problem. Det finns olika typer av våld, såsom fysiskt, psykiskt, sexuellt, ekonomiskt och socialt våld. Risken att drabbas av våld i nära relationer kan påverkas av olika faktorer. Våldsutsatta kvinnor lever med ärr som inte syns på utsidan men som sätter sina spår. För att kunna försäkra en god vård behöver sjuksköterskan därför reflektera över sina egna fördomar och stigmatiserade tankar. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelser av sin beredskap att möta kvinnor som utsatts för våld av en manlig partner. Metod: En litteraturöversikt, med induktiv ansats. Tio kvalitativa intervjuartiklar analyserades enligt Fribergs fem steg. Databaserna Cinahl och PubMed användes med avgränsning på de fem senaste åren. Resultat: Sjuksköterskans beredskap inför vårdmötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan påverkas av hur mycket utbildning och träning sjuksköterskan har fått inom området. Sjuksköterskans beredskap påverkas även av hur tydliga rutiner och riktlinjer det finns i organisationen. Det finns flera utmaningar i vårdmötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor och det framkommer olika strategier för att hantera dessa utmaningar. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan upplever utmaningar i mötet med kvinnor utsatta för våld av en manlig partner. Det krävs stärkta förutsättningar och stödjande åtgärder för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna agera effektivt.

Israel has long been regarded as a liberal democracy and “the only democracy in the Middle East,” which are central to Israel’s self-image and hasbara (public diplomacy) strategy. This narrative is evident in Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s speeches (see, for example, Netanyahu 2016). On the Palestinian side, their history of democratic elections previously positioned them as a leading example of Arab democracy, predating the Arab Spring (Shikaki, 2006: 116). However, both Israel and the Palestinian territories are now experiencing what scholars term “the authoritarian turn”: a shift characterized by democratic decline, increasing autocratization, and ongoing conflict (Lührmann & Lindberg, 2019). Recent democracy reports concur that the Israel–Hamas war has significantly reduced freedom and democracy in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza (Freedom in the World, 2024:29; Freedom in the World, 2025:7; V-Dem, 2024:62–63; V-Dem, 2025:62–63; The EIU, 2024:6; The EIU, 2025). This chapter utilizes data from Freedom House, V-Dem, and The Economist Intelligence Unit to analyze the extent, causes, and consequences of growing authoritarianism and to explore possible future trajectories.1

Strength training research has expanded considerably, yet the evidence base remains heavily skewed toward individuals with limited training experience. Recent evidence indicates that only 2.3% of participants included in a sample of 26 highly cited systematic reviews and meta-analyses of core strength training programme variables were classified as highly trained, elite, or world-class athletes, whereas 97.7% were sedentary, untrained, or recreationally trained. This imbalance becomes particularly problematic when evaluating advanced strength training methods. Recent evidence illustrates this problem. A systematic review found broadly similar strength and power adaptations across advanced and traditional resistance training methods, while also identifying some method- and outcome-specific benefits. However, many of the underlying studies included participants with limited training experience, raising questions about the applicability of these findings to highly trained populations. Rather than simply reiterating the limited representation of highly trained athletes, this Perspective distinguishes between two research questions: whether an advanced method can produce adaptation and whether it provides additional benefit when conventional training is already producing limited further adaptation. It argues that training status becomes particularly important to external validity when the hypothesised benefit of a method depends on overcoming diminishing adaptation. Findings from novice and moderately trained individuals cannot be assumed to generalise to highly trained athletes, whose potential for further adaptation and need for more specialised training stimuli may differ substantially. To address this issue, a conceptual framework and practical recommendations are presented to improve the alignment between the training methods under investigation, participant training status, and the populations to which findings are intended to generalise. Without greater consideration of training status, strength training research risks producing conclusions that extend beyond the populations in which the evidence was actually established.

Marine coastal systems are important for global biogeochemical cycling and are particularly sensitive to climate change effects due to their shallow depths, which results in rapid heat transfer to the sediments. Here we used one-year reciprocal in situ translocations of sediments between a Baltic Sea long-term (>50 years) warming-influenced bay and a nearby unaffected control bay to predict how the sediments and their associated bacterial communities may respond to future climate change and whether those changes were reversible. Geochemical parameters, methane plus sulfate profiles, and 16S rRNA gene-based bacterial diversity and community composition show partial convergence of the sediment-parameters to the translocated environment, suggesting climate change will rapidly alter bacteria communities of Baltic Sea coastal sediments. However, more pronounced responses in the control to the heated bay translocation direction suggest that while a return toward present-day conditions may be possible if climate change is reversed, such a recovery may be incomplete or require a longer time than one year.

Bakgrund: Vasomotorsymptom, främst värmevallningar och nattliga svettningar, påverkar många peri- och postmenopausala kvinnor och kan försämra sömn, livskvalitet, arbetsförmåga och vardaglig funktion. Mobila hälsoapplikationer marknadsförs i ökande grad som verktyg för hantering av menopausala symtom, men deras funktioner, evidensbas och rapporterade effektivitet är fortfarande ojämnt kartlagda. 

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att kartlägga befintlig litteratur om mobila hälsoapplikationer som är utformade för att stödja hantering av vasomotoriska och relaterade menopausala symtom hos peri- och postmenopausala kvinnor, samt att undersöka hur effektivitetsrelaterade utfall rapporteras inom detta evidensunderlag. 

Metod: En scoping review genomfördes i enlighet med etablerad metodik för scoping reviews och PRISMA-ScR rapporteringsprinciper. Sökningar genomfördes i PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection och Scopus, kompletterat med utvalda sökningar i grå litteratur. Efter dubblettrensning och screening inkluderades 13 studier/källor publicerade mellan 2015 och 2025. Data kartlades narrativt utifrån applikationernas egenskaper, målgrupp, funktioner, studiedesign, utfall och metodologiska indikationer. Ingen metaanalys eller formell risk för bias-bedömning genomfördes. 

Resultat: Det inkluderade evidensunderlaget bestod av tre randomiserade kontrollerade studier, två RCT-protokoll, tre retrospektiva real-world-analyser, en enarmad fas II-studie, en genomförbarhetsstudie och tre applikationsgranskningar. Vanliga funktioner var symptomregistrering, utbildning och egenmonitorering, medan strukturerat terapeutiskt innehåll och professionell medverkan rapporterades mindre konsekvent. De mest lovande rapporterade utfallen var kopplade till applikationer med strukturerat terapeutiskt eller egenvårdsinriktat innehåll, inklusive kognitiv beteendeterapi, hypnoterapi och Orem-informerat egenvårdsstöd. De kontrollerade studierna var dock små och kortvariga, medan större retrospektiva analyser saknade jämförelsegrupper och ofta hade kommersiell närhet till de utvärderade applikationerna.   

Slutsats: Mobila hälsoapplikationer för klimakteriet utgör ett växande men metodologiskt ojämnt forskningsfält. Enbart passiv symptomregistrering bör inte likställas med meningsfullt stöd för egenvård. En framtida implementering bör bygga på starkare klinisk evidens, professionell kvalitetssäkring och transparent styrning för att möjliggöra en ansvarsfull integrering i klimakterievården. 

This thesis explores how processes of Europeanisation may contribute to identity transformation in Transnistria through the role of youth and civil society. It examines identity transformation in a de facto state where established Transnistrian and Russian-oriented narratives coexist with growing Moldovan and European connections. Drawing on social constructivism and approaches to Europeanisation beyond formal European Union membership, the study understands identities as socially constructed and capable of gradual transformation through interaction, socialisation, and exposure to alternative norms and practices. The research uses a qualitative approach combining qualitative document analysis and discourse analysis, while field observations are used as supporting material. The empirical material includes educational and policy documents, public and institutional discourses, materials from youth and civil society initiatives, EU-supported confidence-building activities, and observations from Tiraspol. The findings show that Transnistrian identity continues to be reproduced through education, historical narratives, collective memory, language, statehood, and political institutions. At the same time, Europeanisation operates indirectly through cross-river cooperation, EU-funded initiatives, trade, mobility, citizenship, and everyday practices. Youth and civil society organisations create additional spaces for dialogue, participation, cooperation, and exposure to alternative perspectives. However, their transformative potential is constrained by limited civic space, political restrictions, non-recognition, and unequal access to these opportunities. The thesis concludes that Europeanisation can contribute to identity transformation without replacing existing identities. Instead, transformation is gradual and selective, allowing European and Moldovan connections to develop alongside established Transnistrian and Russian-oriented forms of belonging. The study contributes to Peace and Development Studies by showing how identity, social interaction, civil society, and structural constraints interact in processes of peacebuilding and social transformation in a contested de facto state.

A generation of middle-class Turkish professional women who married in the 1980s has voiced the belief that sexuality is often treated as a source of shame for Turkish women, leading to feelings of inhibiton in their marriages. For many, this became a compelling reason to divorce. This chapter examines the marital exxperiences of these women. It explores five personal narratives under a few themes, such as the construction of sexuality as privilige for men but as shame for women in marriage, and sexuality within the confines of reproduction for women but pleasure for men. Through these themes and narraitves, the chapter illustrates how these women have resisted societal expectations in their marriages and ultimately chose divorce as a form of liberation. In doing so, these women's journeys are analysed as showing agency through paths leading to rejection of sexuality constructed as an exclusively male privilige in Turkish society, and conclude that their own daughters may have freer futures in terms of sexuality against all odds.

Denna studie undersöker hur Generation Z uppfattar AI-genererad videoreklam jämfört med mänskligt skapad videoreklam på sociala medier, med fokus på trovärdighet, kreativitet och köpintention. Mot bakgrund av digitaliseringens utveckling och den ökande användningen av generativ AI i reklamproduktion baseras studien på ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av Source Credibility Theory, Consumer Perception, upplevd källa och autenticitet, förtroende för AI och reklam kreativitet. 

En blandad metod ansats användes för att ge både bredd och djup i materialet. Den kvantitativa delen bestod av en enkät med 105 respondenter, medan den kvalitativa delen bestod av två fokusgrupper. Deltagarna fick ta del av två korta videoreklamer, varav en var AI-genererad och en var mänskligt skapad. Enkäten och fokusgrupperna användes för att identifiera både övergripande mönster och fördjupade resonemang.

Mönstret i materialet tyder på att deltagarnas bedömningar påverkades av reklamens visuella uttryck, emotionellt innehåll, upplevd autenticitet och uppfattning om avsändaren. Skillnaden mellan faktisk och upplevd källa var central, eftersom deltagarnas tolkningar inte alltid motsvarade reklamens faktiska produktionsmetod. AI-genererad reklam uppfattades positivt i flera avseenden och fick inom vissa områden liknande eller högre bedömning än den mänskligt skapade videoreklamen. Detta gällde särskilt trovärdighet och köpintention. Samtidigt visade fokusgrupperna att mänsklig närvaro och emotionell respons fortfarande var viktiga för hur kreativitet och autenticitet uppfattades.

Studien visar att generativ AI har potential att skapa videoreklam som uppfattas som relevant och trovärdig av Generation Z. Samtidigt förblir mottagarens upplevelse av autenticitet och mänsklig närvaro viktig i emotionellt präglade reklamkategorier. Studien bidrar därmed till en nyanserad förståelse för hur unga konsumenter bedömer AI-genererad videoreklam i relation till upplevd källa, trovärdighet och kreativitet. 

As we approach a significant shift in global population demographics, withan expected 70% of people residing in urban areas by 2050, governments andurban planners face considerable challenges. These challenges span energy andwaste management to resource scarcity, air pollution, health concerns, trafficcongestion, outdated business models, and aging infrastructure. Consideringthese issues, the urgency to transform cities into smart cities has never been moreapparent.Digital transformation propels cities to become smarter, more sustainable,and more efficient, and smart cities enhance urban life and services through data-driven decision-making and streamline city services. They promote citizen andother actors’ engagement through innovation, business and digital ecosystems,digital platforms, and open data principles.This thesis investigates the challenges of establishing a smart city ecosystemin southern Sweden. It elaborates on the smart city ecosystem concept, delineatesthe roles of various actors, and identifies barriers. Additionally, it presentsa conceptual view of ecosystem architecture, highlighting significant gaps inunderstanding and managing ecosystems in urban development.The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, urban planners, privateand public companies and policymakers engaged in smart city development.

As society becomes increasingly shaped by digital technologies, Computational Thinking (CT) has gradually been recognized as an essential 21st century skill and a relevant approach to problem-solving. Consequently, several countries around the world are incorporating CT into elementary and secondary educational curricula (K-12), aiming to provide students with a structured thought process that uses an algorithmic approach for the resolution of problems. However, introducing students to the algorithmic methods of programming has proven to be a complex endeavor that faces challenges on multiple levels. This thesis examines some of these challenges through a series of exploratory case studies that investigate the intersection of evolving computational paradigms and interaction modalities and how these factors can influence how students engage in computational problem-solving. The research is grounded in a compilation of five studies, tracing an empirical trajectory of case studies carried out on authentic educational settings with students. These studies implemented workshop sessions exploring different methods for problem-solving ranging from the use of tangible robotics and visual rule-based programming to activities that utilized computational methods based on trained machine learning models, generative AI and prompt-based programming. By deploying constructionism, an expanded taxonomy based on Shneiderman’s semantic/syntactic model of programming behavior, human-AI interaction perspectives, and established CT frameworks as analytical lenses, this work scrutinizes how different specification modalities and computational paradigms can mediate problem-solving and shape entry barriers for novice learners. The findings suggest that while unassisted visual programming environments can mitigate syntactic friction, the operational demands related to the construction of algorithmic logic remain a major limitation. When shifting to the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs) for engaging in AI-assisted programming through prompts, the operational demands of the programming process was partly delegated to the AI agent. Nevertheless, the analysis suggests that although natural language interfaces can enable students to bypass rigid coding constraints, the operational demands related to goal identification and formulation, as well as the evaluative process required to manage the construction of a functional algorithmic solution, make human agency essential for successful problem resolution, even under AI-assisted modality. Ultimately, this thesis aims to provide exploratory insights regarding how the traditional notions and scope of CT education must be re-defined and expanded. This re-definition is necessary to enable educators to design and operationalize CT interventions that equip students with the new skills required to navigate the wide range of possibilities that emerging computational technologies can offer to engage students in problemsolving within contemporary K-12 education. 

Den 6 juni 2026 trädde en omfattande reform av svensk medborgarskapslagstiftning i kraft. Hemvistkravet har höjts från fem till åtta år, ett försörjningskrav har införts, kraven på hederligt levnadssätt har skärpts och godkända provresultat i svenska språket och i kunskap om det svenska samhället har blivit obligatoriskt. Mot Lagrådets uttryckliga avrådan och i kontrast till förslaget i den underliggande utredningen SOU 2025:1, har den svenska lagstiftaren valt att införa de nya kraven för förvärv av svenskt medborgarskap utan övergångsbestämmelser för de drygt 100 000 medborgarskapsärenden som låg öppna hos Migrationsverket i maj 2026. Förevarande artikel argumenterar för att avsaknaden av övergångsbestämmelser för pågående ärenden om medborgarskapsförvärv väcker frågor i unionsrättsligt perspektiv. EU-domstolen har i flera avgöranden bekräftat unionsrättens tillämplighet och påverkan på förlust såväl som på förvärv av nationellt medborgarskap i en medlemsstat, då detta styr individens tillgång till unionsmedborgarskapet, vilket följer av ett sådant nationellt medborgarskap enligt artikel 20.1 FEUF. Därför aktualiserar den svenska medborgarskapsreformen unionsrättsliga principer som rättssäkerhet och berättigade förväntningar, samt rätten till god förvaltning. Hanteringen av de pågående ärendena hos Migrationsverket vid tidpunkten för den svenska medborgarskapsreformen ikraftträdande bör prövas unionsrättsligt, eftersom den nationella förvaltningsrätten och processuella autonomin omgärdas av unionsrättsliga krav i ärenden och mål som aktualiserar unionsmedborgarskapets grundläggande ställning.

Wellness tourism is a growing segment of the tourism industry that is strongly connected torelaxation, restoration, and personal well-being. Since many expected wellness tourismoutcomes are intangible and cannot be fully evaluated before travel takes place, officialdestination marketing images become important in shaping tourists’ pre-visit perceptions andexpectations. This study examines how perceived attractiveness and perceived credibility ofofficial destination marketing images relate to restorative expectations and visit intentionwithin a wellness tourism context.The study adopted a quantitative research design based on a stimulus-based online survey.Respondents were exposed to four official destination marketing images representingwellness tourism destinations before completing a structured questionnaire measuringperceived attractiveness, perceived credibility, restorative expectations, and visit intention.The final dataset consisted of 101 respondents. The collected data were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regressionanalysis. The findings show that perceived attractiveness and perceived credibility bothinfluenced respondents’ evaluations of the wellness tourism images, although in differentways. Perceived attractiveness was the strongest predictor of restorative expectations, whileperceived credibility was the strongest direct predictor of visit intention. Restorativeexpectations also had a significant positive relationship with visit intention. However,perceived attractiveness did not have a statistically significant direct relationship with visitintention when perceived credibility and restorative expectations were included in the sameregression model.The study contributes to research on wellness tourism, destination image, and digital tourismmarketing by showing that attractiveness and credibility function as distinct butinterconnected parts of the pre-visit evaluation process. The findings also suggest that officialdestination marketing images in wellness tourism should balance visually attractivepresentation with believable and trustworthy representation in order to support bothrestorative expectations and willingness to visit.Keywords: destination image, digital tourism marketing, official destination marketingimages, perceived attractiveness, perceived credibility, restorative expectations, visitintention, wellness tourism

Har de större partierna i de skandinaviska staterna upphört att tävla och i praktiken bildat en kartell kring makten för att inte riskera att förlora röster, inflytande och finansiering? Eller är det snarare så att en allt kraftigare konkurrens tvingar partierna att anpassa sig efter väljare som blir allt mindre lojala och aktivt försöka vinna deras röster i valrörelser?

Denna avhandling behandlar hur tävlan mellan agrara, konservativa och socialdemokratiska partier om väljarnas röster har utvecklats i Skandinavien under perioden 1970 till 2010. Syftet är att undersöka hur partitävlan förändras och om denna förändring drivs av kartellisering eller konkurrens. Undersökningen utgår från att partierna är rationella aktörer som försöker maximera andelen av de tillgängliga rösterna, men alla röster är heller inte tillgängliga för alla partier. Undersökningsmaterialet består av valmanifest från samtliga nationella parlamentsval under undersökningsperioden.

Resultaten visar på en viss förflyttning mot höger i vissa ekonomiska frågor och att vissa sakfrågor försvinner medan andra tillkommer. Men än tydligare är en värderingsmässig kontinuitet och en intensivare tävlan mellan partierna. Framför allt artikuleras de alternativa förslag som partierna för fram mycket tydligare i slutet av undersökningsperioden än i dess början.

The aim of this study is to investigate how preschool class students formulate their own similar mathematical problem-posing tasks and how these formulations relate to their prior problem-solving processes. The study was conducted as a qualitative design-based research project and included three teaching sequences focusing on different mathematical learning objects: combinatorics, measurement, and number sense. The empirical material consists of classroom observations, student-generated documentation, video recordings, and student interviews.

Using variation theory as the analytical framework, the results show that students’ problem-posing reflects the mathematical structures they have discerned during problem solving. Students who identified critical aspects of the learning object were able to formulate problems that preserved the underlying mathematical structure despite changes in context, while others focused primarily on thematic similarities. The findings also indicate that the relationship between problem solving and problem posing varies depending on the mathematical content. The study contributes knowledge about problem posing as both a didactic and analytical tool for making students’ mathematical understanding visible in early mathematics education.

Introduction: 

The global growth and commercialism in combat sports have resulted in practitioners using performance-enhancing substances such as androgenic anabolic steroids, diuretics, hormone modulators, or stimulants. To gain a competitive edge, pressure often makes experienced athletes more prone to doping. Despite global trends of doping in combat sports, there is an evident lack of knowledge on protective and risk factors related to doping behavior in combat sports athletes. This study aimed to investigate (i) the prevalence of potential doping behavior (PDB) in Swedish combat sport athletes, (ii) sexbased differences in PDB, and (iii) factors associated with PDB.

Methods: 

A crosssectional observational study was conducted using a digital survey approach. The study population consisted of 120 active male (age: 40.6 ± 13.0 years) and 45 female members (age: 40.6 ± 9.2 years) of combat sport clubs in Sweden. Two standardized questionnaires were used: (1) Knowledge of Doping Questionnaire (KD), and (2) Questionnaire on Substance Use (QSU). The data were analyzed using Binomial Logistic Regression analysis and Fisher's Exact Test.

Results: 

The prevalence of PDB was 9.7%. The logistic regression analysis showed “Training load” (OR = 1.005) and “Occasional tobacco use” (OR = 7.178) were positively associated with PDB. In other words, occasional tobacco users had over seven times higher odds of PDB compared to non-users. Also, each unit increase in training load slightly elevated the risk for PDB. Additionally, sexbased differences showed males as more prone to PDB compared to their female counterparts (p = 0.007). All other covariates, including “Doping knowledge,” “Daily tobacco use,” “Trust in coach expertise in doping” and “Competitive results” were not significantly associated with PDB.

Discussion: 

In conclusion, for Swedish combat sport athletes, PDB was associated with higher training load and occasional tobacco use. Consequently, future antidoping interventions should address these identified associations in doping prevention programs.

Denna uppsats undersöker om rörelser i EUR/SEK växelkursen påverkar volatiliteten på aktiemarknaden i OMX Stockholm 30 indexet. Studien motiveras av Sveriges position som en liten öppen ekonomi och av att många företag i OMX30 har omfattande internationell exponering. Med dagliga log avkastningar för OMX30, EUR/SEK och USD/SEK under perioden januari 2005 till december 2025 används GARCH baserade modeller för att analysera betingad volatilitet. Först estimeras grundläggande GARCH modeller för att fånga OMX30:s interna volatilitetsdynamik, innan utvidgade GARCH-X-modeller används för att testa omväxelkursrörelser tillför ytterligare förklaringsvärde.

Resultaten visar att OMX30-volatiliteten är tidsvarierande, persistent och asymmetrisk. Den föredragna modellen är en eGARCH(1,1)-specifikation med enAR(1) term i ekvationen för medelvärdet. I den utvidgade eGARCH-X-modellen är EUR/SEK endast marginellt signifikant på 10-procentsnivån, medan USD/SEK inte är statistiskt signifikant. Resultaten tyder därför på att växelkursrörelser kan innehålla viss information om OMX30 volatiliteten, men att evidensen är för svag för att dra slutsatsen att EUR/SEK är en robust drivkraft bakom den betingade volatiliteten. Sammantaget visar studien att valutakursexponering i en liten öppen ekonomi inte nödvändigtvis leder till en stark aggregerad volatilitetseffekt på indexnivå.

Bostäder i flerbostadshus utformas traditionellt med fasta planlösningar där rummens placering och funktion bestäms i projekteringsskedet och därefter förblir oförändrade under byggnadens livslängd. Samtidigt förändras människors behov över tid, hushållsstorlekar varierar, livssituationer skiftar och nya sätt att använda bostaden ställer nya krav på den rumsliga organisationen. Detta arbete undersöker hur manuellt flyttbara innerväggar kan bidra till en mer flexibel och långsiktigt hållbar bostadsanvändning i flerbostadshus.

Studien genomförs genom en kombinerad metod bestående av litteraturstudie, fallstudie av genomförda flexibla bostadsprojekt samt ett gestaltningsarbete i Autodesk Revit. Gestaltningsarbetet tillämpar utvalda väggsystem på tre befintliga referenslägenheter i Växjö: en tvårumslägenhet på 67,5 m², en trerumslägenhet på 95 m² och en fyrarumslägenhet på 84 m² och undersöker hur planlösningarna kan omorganiseras utan ingrepp i byggnadens permanenta konstruktion. Fem väggsystem: Ephemeral, Ikano FlexRum, Skyfold, TM-Innervägg och PKMN Architectures, analyseras och jämförs utifrån kriterierna: ljudgenomsläppning, flyttbarhet, dekoration, installationspåverkan, ytbehandling, omplacering, takhöjdsanpassning och rumsbildning.

Resultaten visar att manuellt flyttbara innerväggar har en betydande potential att öka bostäders flexibilitet. Gestaltningsarbetet demonstrerar att samma grundplanlösning kan rymma flera olika rumsliga konfigurationer beroende på hushållets behov, utan att golv, tak eller bärande konstruktion berörs. Av de studerade systemen framstår TM-Innervägg som det mest lämpade för bostadsmiljö, då det inte lämnar permanenta spår, kan hanteras av de boende själva och möjliggör skapandet av fullständigt avskilda rum med integrerade dörrelement. Arbetet resonerar även kring att bostadens flexibilitet kan öka ytterligare om garderober inte är inbyggda, eftersom fristående förvaring kan omplaceras i takt med att planlösningen förändras.

Slutsatsen är att manuellt flyttbara innerväggar utgör ett konkret och genomförbart verktyg för att skapa mer anpassningsbara bostäder i flerbostadshus, i enlighet med principerna för Open building och Design for change. En och samma bostad kan med hjälp av dessa system anpassas till förändrade livssituationer över tid utan kostsamma ombyggnadsåtgärder, vilket bidrar till en mer resurseffektiv och socialt hållbar bostadsanvändning.

The increasing prevalence of disinformation in political discourse, exacerbated by generative AI and social media algorithms, has heightened the need for tools that assist voters in making informed decisions. This paper presents VotingAid, a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system integrated with Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze and compare political party manifestos. Unlike traditional Voting Advice Applications (VAAs), which rely on predefined expert-curated statements, VotingAid allows users to express their political concerns freely, dynamically retrieving and comparing relevant manifesto content. The system employs OpenAI’s text-embedding-3-small model for semantic search within a ChromaDB-powered database. Our implementation demonstrates that VotingAid can accurately retrieve relevant party positions while ensuring transparency by citing source documents. The tool is accessible via a user-friendly interface, enabling voters to engage with political content interactively. Our findings suggest that RAG-based systems offer a promising approach to voter education, with potential applications in combating misinformation and improving democratic engagement. Future improvements will focus on refining response generation, optimizing performance, and incorporating additional data sources for broader political analysis. © 2025 Copyright for this paper by its authors. 

In highly regulated industries such as Life Sciences, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must manage data and processes as rigorously as larger firms, yet they face significant barriers to digital transformation. This study explores the digital journey of a Swedish SME in the Life Science distribution sector, focusing on its transition from manual inventory and sales reporting toward early-stage readiness for Business Intelligence (BI).Using an interpretivist paradigm and a single-case qualitative design, data were collected through five semi-structured interviews, supported by document reviews and process observations. The analysis combined the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework with the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory to capture both systemic constraints and perceptual dynamics of readiness.According to the findings, barriers such as high organizational burden, lack of awareness of business intelligence (BI) and past failures that cause cultural hesitations have a much greater impact on the implementation of systems than technical problems and technological fragmentation. Key factors for building trust and advancing the movement include trialability, observability, and strategic alignment, and Fortnox, WooCommerce, and CRM systems (Customer Relationship Management) have also contributed to progress, while the need for verified and reliable reporting systems has been increasingly highlighted by regulatory pressures.The study contributes by extending TOE to pre-adoption conditions, contextualizing DOI constructs in SMEs, and offering practical guidance for managers, IT providers, and regulators. It highlights BI readiness as a gradual, evolving process shaped by learning, trust, and strategically aligned digital initiatives.

The introduction of Digital Product Passports (DPPs) within the European Union creates new requirements for product transparency, traceability, and lifecycle information management. This study explores how furniture-sector SMEs experience the transition towards DPP implementation in the contexts of Bulgaria and Sweden. Using an interpretivist qualitative approach, data were collected through an open-ended online survey involving 42 furniture-sector SMEs, with 21 participating companies from each country. The data were analysed using thematic analysis, with the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework used as a theoretical lens for interpreting the findings. The findings suggest that the transition towards DPP implementation is experienced as a gradual and multifaceted process that takes place within SMEs’ existing product information management practices and organisational conditions. Across both contexts, participants reported challenges related to fragmented product information, system integration, supplier information, resources, digital competences, and uncertainty surrounding emerging DPP requirements. While several challenges were shared across Bulgaria and Sweden, some variation was evident in the issues emphasised across the two contexts. Overall, the study suggests that DPP implementation may intensify the need to address existing product information management challenges rather than create an entirely new category of challenges for SMEs. The study contributes empirical insight into how furniture-sector SMEs experience the transition towards DPP implementation across different national contexts and highlights how technological, organisational, and environmental conditions shape this transition.  

The emergence of agentic artificial intelligence systems presents a significant shiftin organisational technology, yet their impact on managerial decision-makingautonomy remains underexplored. This study critically examines how the designcharacteristics of agentic AI, specifically operational autonomy and transparencythat influence managers’ perceptions of their decision-making authority, trust, andaccountability. Using a quantitative 2x2 between-subject factorial vignetteexperiment, 122 managers were recruited through Prolific, with 94 validresponses retained after manipulation checks. Participants were randomlyassigned to one of four conditions varying AI autonomy (advisory vs. autonomousexecution) and transparency (explainable vs. opaque). The findings reveal that AIautonomy has a strong negative effect on perceived managerial autonomy, whiletransparency positively influences trust but does not mitigate the loss of authorityassociated with autonomous execution. Notably, transparency had a counterintuitiveeffect on accountability, increasing rather than decreasing perceivedblurring of responsibility. No significant interaction effects were observedbetween autonomy and transparency. The study contributes to critical informaticsand organisational power theory by challenging techno-deterministic assumptionsand highlighting the limitations of transparency as a panacea for autonomyconcerns. These findings offer practical implications for organisational decisionmakers,AI designers, and policymakers considering the implementation ofagentic AI systems.

Studien undersökte hur etableringen på arbetsmarknaden såg ut för nyutexaminerade svenska sjöbefäl, med fokus på perioden före, under och efter Covid-19-pandemin. Studien grundades på en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer med yrkesverksamma sjöbefäl. Resultatet visade att etableringen ofta sker genom praktik, nätverk och personliga egenskaper, vilka framträder som avgörande faktorer. Samtidigt framkom det att arbete till sjöss ofta uppfattas som en temporär karriärfas på grund av livsstilsrelaterade faktorer. Studien bidrog till ökad förståelse för hur strukturella förändringar har påverkat etableringen och karriärval inom sjöfartssektorn.

Denna studie undersöker hur svenska TikTok-användares upplevelser av receptvideor kan förstås som en process från exponering till inspiration och intention att laga recepten i hemmet. Studien utgår från Stimulus-Organism-Response-modellen (SOR), Customer Inspiration och Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) för att fördjupa förståelsen för hur receptvideor på TikTok upplevs och vilka faktorer som påverkar om inspiration utvecklas till intention. 

Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där empiriskt material samlades in genom 12 semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska TikTok-användare som regelbundet tar del av receptvideor på plattformen. Det empiriska materialet analyserades genom tematisk analys för att identifiera återkommande mönster och upplevelser kopplade till exponering, inspiration och intention. 

Resultatet visar att algoritmisk exponering och visuellt tilltalande innehåll spelar en betydande roll för att fånga användares uppmärksamhet och väcka inspiration. Receptvideor upplevdes skapa emotionella och sensoriska reaktioner som bidrog till motivationen att spara, återvända till eller vilja testa recepten i hemmet. Praktiska faktorer såsom tid, tillgång till ingredienser, köksutrymme och upplevd svårighetsgrad framstår som betydelsefulla för om inspirationen utvecklas vidare till intention. Resultatet visar även att sparande av receptvideor fungerar som ett mellanled mellan inspiration och intention, där användare organiserar och sparar recept för framtida möjligheter snarare än för direkt användning. 

Studien bidrar med en fördjupad förståelse för hur receptvideor på TikTok kan förstås som en process från exponering till inspiration till intention i användares vardag. Resultatet visar samtidigt att processen inte är linjär eller självklar, utan påverkas av användares vardagliga förutsättningar och hur innehållet tolkas. Studien belyser därmed hur inspiration inte automatiskt utvecklas vidare till intention, utan att processen kan stanna vid sparande eller en uppskjuten vilja att testa receptet.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Traditionellt sett har tidigare forskning om verksamhetsstyrning fokuserat på formella styrsystem såsom budgetar och prestationsmätning. På senare tid har däremot mer uppmärksamhet riktats mot språkets och kommunikationens betydelse i organisationers verksamhetsstyrning. Forskningen inom detta område visar hur mål, prioriteringar och ekonomisk information kommuniceras och tolkas genom sociala interaktioner. Samtidigt har dessa studier i stor utsträckning fokuserat främst på mottagarperspektivet, medan ledningens perspektiv i samspel med de anställdas har fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Tidigare forskning har heller inte synliggjort individens roll i den kommunikativa styrningen och har även präglats av ett maktblint perspektiv där maktaspekter inte studerats tillräckligt.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur styrning förmedlas genom språk och kommunikation ur ett ledningsperspektiv, samt hur denna språkligt förmedlade styrning uppfattas och omsätts i praktiken av de anställda. Syftet mynnar därmed ut i studiens frågeställning: ”Hur kommuniceras styrning mellan ledning och anställd?”. Vidare finns ambitionen i studien att belysa individens ansvar i organisationen att den kommunikativa styrningen fungerar. Det genom studerandet av meningsfullhet, samt eventuella maktdimensioner.

Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsdesign med en kritisk prägel. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och hemsidor från två organisationer i den privata respektive offentliga sektorn. Det insamlade materialet analyserades sedan genom studiens analytiska ramverk och i relation till tidigare forskning.

Slutsats och bidrag: Slutsatsen visar att kommunikativ styrning är ett sätt för organisationen att lägga över ansvaret av ett fungerande styrsystem på individerna som präglas av en kollegial makt. Studien bidrar teoretiskt genom att bredda forskningsfältet och introducera kommunikativ styrning. Studien synliggör även individualiseringen i den kommunikativa styrningen i både meningsskapande och makt analysen. Vidare bidrar studien praktiskt med en ökad förståelse och medvetenhet om kommunikationens påverkan på  styrning.

The increasing interest in sustainable and bio-based wood modification strategies has led to growing attention toward improving the performance of low-durability wood species for exterior applications. Sorbitol-citric acid(SorCA) modification has previously been reported as an effective approach for improving wood properties. However, despite these studies, the biological durability of SorCA-modified silver birch (Betula pendula), particularly its resistance to mold and fungal decay, has not been systematically investigated. Moreover, its performance under natural outdoor exposure conditions remains largely unexplored. Thus, this study evaluates the decay and outdoor weathering resistance of birch wood modified with a SorCA system. Birch wood samples were vacuum-pressure impregnated with aqueous solutions of SorCA at 20% and 40% w/w and cured at 140 °C. The distribution of the modifying agent within the wood structure was examined using X-raymicrotomography, which confirmed effective penetration with partial or complete filling of the wood lumina by the in-situ formed polyester network. The modified samples were subjected to ten months of natural weathering, mold exposure under high humidity conditions, and also to white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor). Outdoor weathering results indicated improved resistance to surface deterioration in modified wood, although increased color change (ΔE) was observed due to the formation of chromophoric groups during curing and subsequent photodegradation. Under the conditions investigated, SorCA modification enhanced biological durability and weathering resistance, especially at higher concentrations. In general, SorCA modification showed great potential to improve the durability of birch wood with enhancing biological durability and weathering resistance.

Цей посібник присвячений управлінню та розвитку медіакомпаній. Авторка Ірина Галлінг багато років працювала в Expressen — одній із найбільших газет Швеції, що входить до медіагрупи Bonnier. За час роботи у виданні вона підготувала чимало керівників середньої та вищої ланки в медіасфері. У цій книзі Ірина Галлінг узагальнила та систематизувала досвід, накопичений під час викладання в Медіауніверситеті Bonnier, Стокгольмському університеті та Інституті медіа Fojo. Книга призначена для керівників редакцій середньої та вищої ланки, а також для тих, хто прагне розвивати свої управлінські навички. Українське видання, 2026 Це перекладене та оновлене видання, підготовлене на основі оригінального шведського видання 2016 року. Текст не було переписано, однак окремі його розділи перекладено та оновлено. Українське видання опубліковано за фінансової підтримки Шведського інституту.

This thesis aims to explore the factors that affect the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in risk management for agile automotive software projects, particularly within the software research and development group of leading automotive manufacturers and related supplier companies. It also examines the benefits and limitations of such integration in safety-critical agile environments. The study is intended to find out which are the most integral enablers and barriers that affect how well AI-based risk management tools are adopted in practice. Moreover, it explores the implications of AI integration in the context of automotive software development, such as its impact on predictive risk analysis, decision-making processes, and agile workflows. As software-defined vehicles become more complex, built in an iterative agile fashion, they pose significant safety, quality, timeline, and compliance risks. The traditional risk management methods are insufficient to address these ever-changing, dynamic settings. The study takes a Socio-technical Systems (STS) theory perspective to investigate the social (human) and technical (process and system) aspects of AI integration. The research is targeted at project managers and software engineers in the automotive industry. The data is obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews with automotive software professionals. The results indicate that readiness, trust, skills, data maturity, and cultural acceptance are key factors influencing AI adoption. AI can be seen as improving the quality of predictive risk identification, operational efficiency, and decision-making, but challenges like data fragmentation, limited explainability, resource constraints, and human resistance hinder its adoption. In conclusion, the study reveals that AI-powered risk management is a socio-technical transformation process and not just a technical implementation. Technology, organizational practices, and human capabilities have to be aligned for successful adoption in agile automotive environments.

Background Clinical ethics support (CES) is increasingly recognised as essential in healthcare, yet its evaluation remains challenging due to the complexity of CES practices and the latent, psychosocial nature of relevant outcomes. The European Moral Case Deliberation Outcomes Instruments (Euro-MCD original and 2.0) representsimportant steps in operationalising CES outcomes. However, there remains a need for a further theoretically grounded and psychometrically robust instrument. This study aimed to revise the Euro-MCD 2.0 and to develop and psychometrically test a new measurement instrument for CES.

Methods A sequential mixed-methods instrument redevelopment and validation design was used, guided by an abductive, theory-driven approach. Content validity processes involved conceptual framing, item revision, item development, and cognitive evaluation. Construct validity processes involved psychometric testing using survey data, incorporating principal component analysis and complementary item-level assessments.

Results The revision of Euro-MCD 2.0 resulted in the Clinical Ethics Support Measurement Instrument (CES-MI), assessing ethical competence and ethical climate. Ethical competence comprises holding moral judgement, being responsive, and acting with moral courage (9 items, using a 5-point scale assessing perceived difficulty). Ethical climate comprises permissive dialogue, supportive relationships, and managing ethical concerns together (7 items,using a 4-point scale assessing perceived extent). Measurement properties were generally strong: targeting was appropriate, response categories functioned as intended, and only minor issues, such as limited local dependencies were observed. Reliability indices were high, unidimensionality was supported across the constructs, and no differential item functioning was detected by sex or intervention groups. 

Conclusions The CES-MI is a coherent, theoretically grounded, and psychometrically robust instrument for measurement, suitable for both clinical practice and research. The strong validity likely reflects the extensive qualitative and psychometric work underpinning the CES-MI, together with a user-friendly response format that supports reflective and authentic self-assessment. Next steps include examining the instrument’s sensitivity to change over time for example by exploring whether open-ended follow-up questions could deepen understanding of concrete changes, as well as, assessing applicability across diverse healthcare settings.

With the growing interest in timber building technologies and the pursuit of efficient modular construction, light-frame timber modules are gaining increasing popularity across the globe. Most residential buildings using such modules in Nordic countries are built up to a maximum six stories and are typically designed for the racking strength using the simplified analysis of wall diaphragms prescribed in Eurocode 5. Recent studies in light-frame timber shear walls present detailed finite element (FE) models that are better than simplified analysis. However, for modular systems, apart from the shear walls, the influence of transverse walls, floor diaphragms and inter-modular connections plays a crucial role in accurately predicting the global response of multi-story buildings. Although creating a detailed FE model of multiple modules can be computationally demanding, excessive simplification may lead to loss of essential structural behavior. To address this, the present study proposes an adaptive modeling strategy that offers a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. The approach combines a non-linear standard FE-formulation for a representative module with a linear substructure formulation for stacked modules, which may have identical or varying designs. The substructure modules are connected to nonlinear inter-modular connections via nodal points where the degrees of freedom are retained. Consequently, the limitation of the substructure formulation, namely, the continuation of linear behavior beyond plastic deformation of the module, is confined to the substructure models meanwhile, the nonlinear effects are captured in the critical bottom module and at the inter-modular connections. A tower is analyzed with an adaptive model of a typical asymmetric module to evaluate both the global racking stiffness and racking strength, as well as the local sheathing-to-framing connection and axial compression in studs of the most heavily loaded bottom module. Story drift of only the bottom module of the six story tower is found to be within the recommended serviceability limit. For the modules above, around 40% contribution to the total horizontal displacement was due to the rigid body rotation, or rocking, of the module while using friction based inter-modular connections. An additional 35% contribution was from shear displacement of the modules while the remaining 25% was caused by slip displacement. Stiffer design of inter-modular connections is crucial and therefore, is recommended in design practice to reduce the story drift, thus upgrading the design to reach the recommended serviceability limit criteria.

This study evaluates the development of bearing capacity between three separate bearing capacity measurements conducted in December, January and June on a newly built road structure, road M2080, temporary E22, on the section Fjälkinge-Gualöv, east of Kristianstad, Sweden. The bearing capacity of a road is crucial för the structure’s lifespan and maintenance needs. The bearing capacity of a road is constantly influenced by climate factors like temperature and moisture, as well as loads from passing traffic.

The study’s results demonstrate a clear improvement in bearing capacity over the measurement period. Between the first measurement in December and the last in June, the bearing load capacity increased by an average of 13 % across the entire road section. The study’s results also show that temperature-induced stiffness changes in the roads bound layers can be ruled out as a factor, as the temperature differences between measurements were negligible. 

The study concludes that newly constructed roads undergo a marked natural strengthening during their first months in service. However, the subgrade material governs geographic variations in bearing capacity along the road section. Where subgrade capacity is moderately low, a stiffer pavement structure can in some cases compensate.

Humanity is facing major challenges as a result of global warming, where the digital carbon footprint constitutes a growing yet often invisible part of the overall environmental impact, particularly the impact from digital technologies. This thesis examines awareness of digital environmental impact among IT students (n=9) and whether a visual environmental and sustainability indicator on mobile devices can motivate users to adopt more resource-efficient behaviors. The selection of IT students is motivated by the fact that they are representative smartphone users who also have both the interest and future opportunities, as designers and developers, to contribute to sustainable design. The study adopts a qualitative methodological approach consisting of semi-structured interviews complemented by elements of a Future Workshop method, in which participants were asked to reflect upon and develop conceptual design proposals and solutions through both the fantasy and implementation phases. The collected data were processed using thematic analysis and interpreted through an overarching design approach within Sustainable Interaction Design (SID). The analysis was further deepened through a theoretical framework encompassing persuasive design, Socially Responsible Design (SRD), and theories of nudging, dark patterns and eco-feedback. The results indicate that even environmentally aware users are strongly influenced by persuasive design and that there may be reasons to continue exploring the concept of a sustainability indicator as an addition to mobile devices. Participants expressed a preference for a balance between visibility and user autonomy, where the indicator is visually discreet and provides real-time feedback that users can choose to activate or deactivate themselves. The findings emphasize the importance of constructive feedback and guidance rather than guilt-inducing approaches, as well as the potential of using gamification and subtle color changes as triggers to interrupt habitual mobile phone use. In conclusion, the study finds that interaction design can play a crucial role in making invisible environmental impacts visible and that IT students seek tools that support them in making sustainable choices without compromising their user experience.

Juni 2025 trädde ett nytt EU direktiv i kraft, the European Accessibility Act, avsedd att ställa krav på europeiska företag att följa digitala tillgänglighetskrav, speciellt webbplatser samt e-handelsplattformar att uppfylla krav grundade i den internationella standarden WCAG 2.1. Däremot är forskning kring den svenska digitala handeln efter införandet begränsad. Denna studie undersöker hur väl några av de största e-handelswebbplatserna följer tillgänglighetskraven, genom automatisk och manuell testning samt genom att analysera hur användare med funktionsnedsättningar upplever den svenska e-handelsmarknaden och vilken roll den digitala handeln har i deras liv.

Studien utförde en tillgänglighetskontroll av fem svenska e-handelsplattformar (Boozt, Apotea, Ellos, Haypp och Lyko), där respektive startsida samt två slumpvist valda produktsidor testades. Den manuella kontrollen utfördes i stöd av Myndigheten för digital förvaltnings tillsynsmanual samt den automatiska kontrollen genom testningsverktyget WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools). Följt av denna kontroll utfördes en intervjustudie som undersökte digitala handelns roll, upplevelser av handeln efter laginförandet och användarnas upplevda tillgänglighetsproblem med stöd av hjälpverktyg. Genom ett målinriktat snöbollsurval rekryterades 7 deltagare från svenska lokala- och distriktsförbund aktiva inom funktionshinderrörelsen. Samtliga respondenter har någon typ av funktionsnedsättning och använder hjälpverktyg eller unika användarinställningar vid handel över nätet.

Resultatet visade på att ingen av de kontrollerade webbplatserna uppnådde full tillgänglighet enligt tillsynsmanualen. E-handelsplattformarna presenterade i olika grad tillgänglighetsproblem där samtliga uppvisade kontrastfel och avsaknad av alternativa texter. Dessa fel löper större risk att negativt påverka användarupplevelsen hos slutanvändare med synnedsättningar, vilket stöds av respondenternas utsagor. Bristande tillgänglighetstestning kombinerat med hjälpverktyg föreslås i studien i stöd av tidigare forskning vara en bidragande faktor till uppkomsten av tillgänglighetsfel.

Resultatet av intervjustudien fann att respondenterna inte upplever att den svenska e-handeln är fullt tillgänglig. Analysen av deltagarnas utsagor fann mönster av att typen av upplevda fel varierar beroende på typ och grad av nedsättning. I bästa fall upplevs tillgänglighetsfel på webben som irritationsmoment men i värsta fall riskerar att hindra eller helt stoppa användaren från att självständigt utföra sina digitala behov. Respondenterna pekade till ett utbildningsbehov både av hjälpverktyg bland användare men även för tillgänglighetsarbete bland webbutvecklare, detta för att göra den svenska digitala handeln mer tillgänglig för alla.

Denna explorativa studie innefattar en begränsad undersökning av den svenska e-handelsmarknaden. Därför krävs ytterligare forskning i en större omfattning eller i form av longitudinell undersökning för att kunna bekräfta de framtagna resultaten i denna studie.

This thesis investigates how townhouses from the 1960s in Fröseke can be

renovated to improve energy performance while considering economic conditions.

Energy simulations were performed in VIP-Energy to analyse different renovation

measures, including replacement of windows, doors, additional insulation and

installation of a ventilation system with heat recovery.

The results show that the buildings in their current condition have high energy

consumption and significant heat losses. Among the analysed measures,

installation of a ventilation system with heat recovery provided the greatest

improvement in energy performance, although its cost could not be reliably

determined without a separate, more detailed design process. Replacement of

windows and doors provided the second largest improvement and was the most

costly of the measures for which cost estimates were made. Additional insulation

of the roof and exterior walls also reduced energy use, at a lower cost.

The study also highlights the importance of balancing energy-efficient renovation

with accessibility improvements and consideration for the buildings’ remaining

architectural character. The results indicate that energy-efficient renovations can

contribute to lower energy use and more attractive housing in the long term.

This study investigates why individuals shift from socially accelerated to

decelerated consumption, a question that has received limited theoretical attention

despite its growing practical and environmental meaningfulness. Social

acceleration describes a structural condition in which the pace of technological

change and everyday life continuously increases, driving capitalism's circle of

production, distribution, and consumption in a self-reinforcing cycle. Yet a growing

countermovement toward slower, more deliberate, and quality-oriented

consumption is increasingly observable.

While existing literature has identified four potential triggers for this shift,

mindfulness, culture, economic situation, and personal values, the mechanisms

through which they operate, and the reasons why the shift remains underexplored.

The existing theoretical framework treats these four components largely as

independent and parallel triggers without accounting for how they interact.

This study addresses this gap through a qualitative, inductive investigation based

on 20 unstructured interviews. The findings reveal that financial disruption is the

most consistent initiating trigger, not because it constrains purchasing power but

because it breaks the seamlessness of accelerated consumption and drives deliberate

evaluation of purchases. The deliberation produces a quality orientation through

lived experience rather than prior values, which feeds into growing resistance to

trend cycles. Creates a reorganisation of priorities through life transitions, and the

gradual absorption of decelerated norms from the social environment.

Environmental awareness and mindfulness emerge as consequences of the process

rather than its causes.

The shift consolidates because it produces a fundamental identity transformation.

The values built through sustained, deliberate consumption become integrated into

the self concept, so that decelerated consumption persists not through willpower but

as the natural expression of who one has become, reframing deceleration as a

process of identity formation rather than simply a behavioural change.

The frist "Timber Engineering - Nordic PhD symposium" brings together doctoral researchers, academic staff, and industry representatives from across the Nordic region to present and discuss the latest developments in timber engineering research. Hosted by Linnaeus University, the symposium provides a platform for PhD students to disseminate their research, foster scientific exchange, and strengthen collaboration within the Nordic timber engineering community. The Book of Abstracts contains contributions covering a broad range of topics in timber engineering, wood materials, timber connections, digitalisation and sustainability. Through presentations, keynote lectures, and discussions, the symposium aims to support the next generation of researchers and contribute to the advancement of sustainable timber construction.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in educational practice, yet

AI literacy is often defined through predefined competencies that say less about

how it is understood, enacted, and shaped in specific contexts. This research

investigates how AI literacy is conceptualised in research and policy, understood

by teachers, enacted through interaction with generative AI (GenAI), and used

to inform the design of educational GenAI systems that support reflective and

critical engagement.

The methodology combines Emergent Research Design structured with De-

sign Research Methodology. This allows the research focus to develop in response

to empirical findings, methodological insights, and rapid changes in the educa-

tional AI landscape, while maintaining a coherent progression from problem

clarification and descriptive inquiry towards exploratory design-oriented knowl-

edge. Adopting a practice-oriented perspective, the thesis synthesises conceptual,

empirical, interactional, and design-oriented inquiry across eight studies.

Findings show that AI literacy is frequently framed in operational and

competency-oriented terms, while sociotechnical, critical, and agentive dimen-

sions remain less developed. Teachers’ understandings of AI are often shaped by

fragmentedandinformallearning,althoughtheirconcernsextendtotrust,respon-

sibility, authorship, bias, and pedagogical judgement. Technical understanding

does not automatically lead to broader sociotechnical reasoning, and recognising

AI-related risks is not equivalent to acting critically in practice. Teacher–GenAI in-

teraction reveals AI literacy as situated and relational: it becomes visible through

how teachers delegate tasks, interpret and adapt outputs, question suggestions,

exercise judgement, and negotiate responsibility.

The thesis further argues that literacy is increasingly bound up with machine

processes. Meaning-making, knowledge production, and pedagogical action

are no longer exclusively human activities but emerge through relations among

teachers, learners, AI systems, infrastructures, and institutional conditions. This

resonates with critical posthumanist accounts of literacy and shifts attention from

what individuals know about AI to how humans and non-humans jointly shape

what can be known and done.

Supporting critical AI literacy therefore requires attention to both education

anddesign. EducationalGenAIsystemsshouldbeevaluatednotonlyforaccuracy,

usability, and efficiency, but also for whether they support reflection, surface

uncertainties and question assumptions. The thesis contributes a situated account

of AI literacy and an interaction-informed rationale for educational GenAI system

design rather than a universal literacy framework or validated design solution.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rising in popularity day by day. More people are looking for a more local alternative instead of the traditional cloud-based AI models. A lot of these cloud-based AI services are not hosted locally; more often than not, they are hosted in a completely different country. This thesis looked at one of the best locally hosted alternatives, this being edge AI models. Edge AI runs locally on all sorts of Internet of Things (IoT) but with the recent rise in hardware components pricing, could outdated devices be capable of running these models? This thesis investigates how different KV-cache formats interact with RAM constraints in a CPU-based local inference environment. Controlled experiments were conducted in which different quantization levels were tested with different RAM constraints. The results show that the effect of KV-cache format on latency depended on the available RAM. They also show that the calculated storage requirements of the cache are not directly reflected in total runtime memory behaviour. There was no difference in answer correctness with all runs getting 11/12 answers correct while failing the same question. These results indicate that the performance effects of KV-cache quantization depend on the available RAM and runtime environment.

Studiens syfte är att komparativt analysera vilken syn på litteraturläsning och skönlitteratur som framkommer i Lpo94, Lgr11 och Lgr22, kursplanerna i svenska på högstadiet, samt hur förändringarna motiverats på myndighetsnivå inför revideringarna. Ett grundantagande är att läsning av skönlitteratur möjliggör inlevelse och upplevelser som kan leda identitetsutveckling och empatisk förmåga, i enlighet med Louise M. Rosenblatts och Martha Nussbaums teorier. Detta har betydelse för svenskämnets undervisning, där litterär kompetens enligt Örjan Torells definition och samtal om litteratur i överensstämmelse med Gunilla Molloys teorier, är viktiga inslag i såväl den personliga som den demokratiska utvecklingen. Metodologiskt kombineras riktad innehållsanalys med idéanalys, utifrån idealtyperna humanistisk respektive instrumentell syn på litteratur. Textmaterialet utgörs av det officiella rekontextualiseringsfältet varför läroplansteoretiska perspektiv ingår. Studien visar att framför allt reformen Lgr11 inneburit ett markant skifte på ett flertal nivåer, vilket fått stora konsekvenser både för kunskapssynen på en övergripande nivå liksom för synen på skönlitteratur och litteraturläsning. Det framkommer dock att omställningen skett i flera steg, både i samband med Lpo94 och med Lgr22. Dessutom kan konstateras att stora likheter föreligger i hur ansvariga myndigheter presenterar agendan avseende intentioner och motiv till förändringar. Enligt de ansvariga för beredningar och utformning av reformerna är ämnesinnehåll och kunskapssyn intakta, förändringarna sker på begreppsnivå.

This thesis examines the portrayal of the first game of the 1972 world chess championship match between Boris Spassky and Robert James Fischer across different media. It argues for the importance of those media for preservation of the event as cultural heritage.

Lars Elleström’s transmedial theoretical framework is the basis for analyzing the media. It investigates the transfer of compound media characteristics from the source medium of the game to the different target media.

Qualitative analysis was carried out on the chosen media. They were the most prominent media that portrayed the first game, in both analog and digital form.

The analysis showed strong advantages and disadvantages of the different media. Results also marked the unique approach in this thesis compared to previous research on transmediality of media and heritage of sports.

The preservation of the first game of the 1972 match is carried out by an eco- system of media, each transferring information advantaged to the format of the medium. 

This essay is a qualitive study about civil partnership amongst same sex couples. The study examines Swedish daily newspapers, and the newspapers are Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. Dagens Nyheter is a liberal newspaper, and Svenska Dagbladet is a conservative newspaper. Today Sweden is one of the safest countries for people in the LGBTQ+-community, with many laws that support LGBTQ+, but during the 1990s, Sweden was more conservative and there were many opponents to gay marriage and partnership. That is why this study looks at how the debate about civil partnership is presented in the daily newspapers between 1993-1996 and if the debate changed after the partnership law was adopted in 1994 and came into force 1995. This study is a qualitative content analysis that examines how the newspapers covered the civil partnership debate. The study also compares how the depicted the debate and how they chose to cover it. The study also has queer theory, that is a theory about norms and norm-breaking.  In my analysis I found the Dagens Nyheter is more friendly towards a law of partnership than Svenska Dagbladet, and they wrote more about partnership, and they even defend a partnership law to go through. I also saw that the Christians was the most people to be opposed the partnership law. I also found that the newspapers mostly had a heteronormative view on civil partnership but sometimes they were norm-breaking especially Dagens Nyheter. In my didactic reflection I saw that if you do an exercise in high school with newspapers you can get a perspective about heteronormative and the homophobia that existed in Sweden in the 20th century.  

To interrogate the transnational effects of settler colonialism within works of literature, this thesis examines two case studies: Jovita González and Margaret Eimer’s Mexican-American novel Caballero: A Historical Novel and Vilhelm Moberg’s Swedish-American tetralogy The Emigrants. Employing an interdisciplinary theoretical framework grounded in Transnationalism, Settler Colonialism, and Critical Whiteness Studies, and incorporating close-reading strategies informed by Francisco Robles’ concept of coalitional aesthetics, this inquiry demonstrates how these literary works critique exclusionary discourses of the United States national body and negotiate American settler colonial structures and their enduring racialised hierarchies. The findings indicate that, while influenced by settler colonial ideologies, the primary texts utilise multiperspectival narrative styles characteristic of what Francisco Robles has termed “coalitional aesthetics” to challenge universalised settler myths and discourses concerning land entitlement and white supremacy in North America. By employing multiperspectival narratives and elevating transcultural voices through a coalitional aesthetic, Caballero and The Emigrants enact a transnational literary critique of the intersecting hierarchies that construct U.S. exceptionalism.