This thesis explores how instructional interface design in digital tools influences user experience and perceived learning support in urinary catheterization training. The study was conducted at the Clinical Training Center in Växjö and compares two formats: a virtual reality (VR) simulation and a browser-based interactive prototype. Through literature review and semi-structured interviews, two phases of data collection were carried out. The first phase involved nursing students, educators, and a UX designer who provided feedback on the VR tool. In the second phase, university students without clinical experience tested both tools to reflect on clarity, structure, and usability. Findings indicate that the browser-based tool was generally perceived as clearer and easier to follow, while the VR simulation was described as more immersive. Participants noted that the two tools support different aspects of learning and could be used at different stages of training. The study does not aim to determine which tool is superior but highlights how interface design can affect users’ perceptions of guidance and engagement in procedural education. Suggestions for future development include considering multimodal features to support user needs and preferences.

This study examines how small and medium software companies use AI tools like

GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT while keeping their human workers skilled and

creative. Small companies face special problems when using AI because they have

less money and fewer people than big companies. This research explores how

developers in small companies actually use AI tools and adapt them to fit their needs.

Six software developers from different small companies were interviewed and their

responses were analyzed to identify four main patterns. First, companies create rules

requiring humans to check all AI-generated code before using it. Second, they make

sure junior developers still learn to code properly instead of relying too much on AI.

Third, because AI tools don't explain their decisions, companies develop ways for

humans to stay in control. Fourth, small companies find creative ways to use AI that

are different from what big companies do because they have fewer resources.

The results reveal substantial productivity improvements achieved through distinctive

organizational strategies. SMEs employ mandatory human verification systems,

graduated skill development approaches where junior developers must demonstrate

manual coding proficiency before AI access, collective knowledge sharing between

companies, and embedding AI governance into existing roles. These strategies

demonstrate how small companies preserve developer value while gaining

automation benefits, showing that successful AI integration in resource-constrained

environments requires fundamentally different approaches than those used by large

enterprises.

This research helps us understand how small companies successfully integrate AI

through practical strategies that balance efficiency with human expertise. The study

documents how SMEs actively manage AI adoption to maintain developer value,

providing evidence-based insights for other small software companies navigating

similar challenges.

In mathematics education, collaboration between students is often emphasised as something desirable. The focus of this paper is on positioning in mathematics during collaborative problem solving and problem posing while exploring combinatorics. The study utilises the Learning Design Sequence model for lesson design and positioning theory as an analytical framework. In a sequence of lessons, students worked with both problem solving and problem posing, using different ways of representing their solutions, such as pictures, physical objects, and digital animations. One case of two 6-year-old students is used to illustrate their positioning during this sequence of lessons. One conclusion is that, when collaborating, students’ views of each other as learners in general and mathematics learners in particular may hinder the process of meaning making in mathematics. 

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur kvinnor med autismspektrumtillstånd (AST) upplevde sin skolgång samt synliggöra vilka intersektionella perspektiv som framträder i kvinnornas utsagor. Den problematisering som denna studie utgår ifrån är den rådande manliga könsnormen i samhället där flickor och kvinnor förbises på grund av sitt biologiska kön, vilket kan leda till bland annat sen diagnosticering. Som metodval valdes en semistrukturerad kvalitativ intervjustudie där 11 kvinnor med AST från 18 år och uppåt deltog. Deras medverkan bidrog till att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor, och informanternas svar analyserades utifrån ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Genom att använda intersektionalitet som teoretiskt ramverk kunde vi urskilja olika maktordningar som påverkade kvinnornas levnadsvillkor och skolgång. Studiens resultat visade att kvinnornas upplevelser kunde tolkas som en dubbelhet, dels att vara kvinna, dels att vara kvinna med AST. Resultatet synliggjorde hur kvinnorna använde sig av strategier som maskering i ett försök att hantera och anpassa sig till skolmiljön. Detta ledde till en negativ självbild och psykisk ohälsa genom skolgången och i det fortsatta vuxenlivet. Slutsatser som kan dras med utgångspunkt i studiens resultat är att förändring behöver ske på såväl samhällsnivå som skolnivå. Centralt för båda nivåerna är behovet av att implementera ett neuroaffirmativt förhållningssätt som normaliserar olikheter i stället för avvikelser. 

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the public spaces in the residential area Alabastern in Växjö from the perspectives of safety and comfort, with a particular focus on physical design and residents’ experiences. The study examines how factors such as lighting, material choices, color schemes, vegetation, sightlines, and the design of private and semi-public spaces influence the area’s attractiveness and sense of security. Special attention is given to accessibility for people with reduced mobility, where the use of color contrasts and varied materials play a key role.

Using qualitative methods, including field observations and semi-structured interviews with residents, the perceived safety and usability of the public spaces are mapped. The results show that despite good basic conditions like continuous walkways and generally adequate lighting, significant deficiencies in maintenance and surface conditions negatively affect accessibility and safety, especially for the elderly, children, and people with disabilities. Specific locations, such as the forest path and certain playgrounds, are perceived as unsafe due to poor lighting, unclear zones, and limited sightlines.

The study also highlights the importance of social meeting places and green structures for overall comfort, where access to weather-protected seating increases the use of outdoor environments. Finally, design recommendations are presented that integrate safety and accessibility perspectives to create a more inclusive, pleasant, and secure outdoor environment for the residents of Alabastern in Växjö.

Språket är grundläggande för kommunikation mellan människor och viktigt för alla att utveckla. Individer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) och annat modersmål är en utsatt och isolerad grupp i samhället, men har samma behov som andra av utbildning och att kunna kommunicera med sin omvärld. På Komvux som anpassad utbildning finns det i vissa kommuner möjlighet att studera svenska som andraspråk eller anpassad SFI. Kunskapen om hur Komvux som anpassad utbildning stöttar andraspråksutvecklingen är dock bristfällig och mer forskning i området efterfrågas. Studien har som syfte att undersöka hur undervisande lärare på anpassad utbildning uppfattar de möjligheter och hinder som de anser finns för andraspråksutveckling för elever med IF. För att besvara frågeställningen har en enkät skickats ut, vilken har besvarats av 25 respondenter. Studien visar att lärares upplevelser kan vara mycket olika. Alla respondenter upplever att elever har tillgång till ”meningsfulla språkliga sammanhang” under sin skoldag. Undervisningen kan bedrivas enskilt, i mindre eller mellanstora grupper på anpassad utbildning eller med stöd på anpassad SFI eller SFI. Majoriteten upplever god tillgång till passande lokaler, speciallärare och pedagoger, läromedel och assisterande teknik. Resultatet tyder också på att lärare upplever bristande kompetensutveckling samt otillräcklig tillgång till studiehandledare och modersmålslärare som hinder för elevers andraspråksutveckling. Även samverkan med externa instanser anses vara bristande. Sammantaget uppfattar undervisande lärare både hinder och möjligheter för andraspråksutvecklingen på anpassad utbildning, men mer forskning krävs inom området. 

In a digitalized society, literacy is essential for students’ participation and learning. For students with reading and writing difficulties, these demands present distinct barriers, making assistive technology (AT) a vital form of support. The aim of this study is to examine how grade 8 (students aged 14–15) teachers perceive their use and adaptation of AT, with particular attention to text-to-speech (TTS) and speech-to-text (STT) in classroom practice. The study is based on qualitative interviews with eight teachers and is analyzed through both a relational and a sociocultural perspective. The findings indicate that AT can enhance participation and independence when embedded in instruction, yet organizational barriers, insufficient professional development, and technical challenges restrict its effective use.The conclusion is that realizing the inclusive potential of AT requires long-term organizational commitment and underscores the active role of the special education teacher in school development.

Syftet med den här kvalitativa studien är att ur ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv få insikt i hur elever i årskurs 2 beskriver och använder likhetstecknet, samt vilka eventuella missuppfattningar som kan identifieras. Datainsamlingen består av resultat från 72 elevtester och tolv individuella elevintervjuer. Urvalet syftar till att jämföra hur elever med höga respektive låga testresultat beskriver och använder likhetstecknet.

Variationsteorin (Kullberg et al., 2017) ligger till grund för studiens metod och en utgångspunkt för konstruktion av test och elevintervjuer. Studiens analys genomförs med stöd i Skemps (2006) ramverk om operationell och relationell förståelse samt Matthews et al. (2012) fyra förståelsenivåer. Resultaten visar att samtliga elever med låga testresultat uppvisar en operationell förståelse, där likhetstecknet tolkas som en signal att räkna ut ett svar. Elever med operationell förståelse har fler missuppfattningar kring likhetstecknet och visar sig ha stöd av laborativt material för att kunna lösa uppgifter där likhetstecknets placering varierar. Elever med höga testresultat visar oftare en relationell förståelse, där likhetstecknet uppfattas som en symbol för balans mellan två uttryck. I studien framkommer dock att elever som har korrekta skriftliga svar inte alltid visar en relationell förståelse för likhetstecknet i sina resonemang.

En central slutsats understryker vikten av att komplettera skriftliga uppgifter med muntliga resonemang, för att få en nyanserad förståelse av elevers kunskaper och eventuella missuppfattningar. Det är viktigt att undervisning innehåller en variation av uppgiftstyper, då studien visar att elever med operationell förståelse har svårigheter att lösa uppgifter där likhetstecknets placering varierar.

AbstractSyftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur förskolepersonal uppfattar beteenden hos barn som inte följer rådande sociala- och beteendemässiga normer i förskolemiljön, samt hur dessa uppfattningar påverkas av de organisatoriska ramar och resurser som finns tillgängliga i verksamheten. Utifrån syftet besvaras tre frågeställningar genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sju förskollärare och tre barnskötare som arbetar inom förskoleverksamheter. En del av resultatet visar att respondenterna anser att de barn som är normavvikande är de som inte följer rutiner, är delaktiga i planerad undervisning eller som påvisar ett utåtagerande beteende. Resultatet tyder även på att det finns en lucka mellan praktik och teori. Respondenterna uttrycker en vilja till att skapa en inkluderande förskola - där alla barn är välkomna, men verkligheten ser annorlunda ut då resurserna inte räcker till för att tillgodose alla barns behov. Studien analyseras utifrån Karlsudds breda och snäva förskola samt socialkonstruktivistiskt-, relationellt och kategoriskt perspektiv. Analysen visar att respondenterna utgår både från ett relationellt och kategoriskt perspektiv, men att det relationella perspektivet dominerar. Studien visade även att respondenterna önskade att bedriva den bredaförskolan, men det som bedrevs var snarare den snäva förskolan. I studien framkommer också att alla respondenter var av samma åsikt, barn i förskolan behöver inte diagnostiseras. Vilka normer och värderingar som styr förskolor påverkar om en inkluderande förskola bedrivs. Förskollärarna beskriver i intervjuerna att deras utbildning gav för lite kunskap för att möta barn med ett normavvikande beteende. Mer kunskap behövs - för barnens bästa. 

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka gymnasielärares motivation i mentorskapet och dess påverkansfaktorer i arbetet med elever i behov av stöd. Studien utgår från Självbestämmandeteorin och dess tre grundläggande psykologiska behov: autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning genomfördes med 83 gymnasielärare från kommunala gymnasieskolor i Sverige. Enkäten baserades på en anpassad version av Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale (BPNSS) och kompletterades med en kvalitativ fritextfråga. Univariat och bivariat analys tillämpades för kvantitativa data, i kombination med tematisk analys för det kvalitativa materialet. Resultaten visar att motivationen i mentorskapet är genomgående måttlig, där behovet av tillhörighet skattas högst och autonomi lägst. Mentorerna i studien upplever starka relationer till eleverna, men bristande organisatoriskt stöd, otydliga uppdragsbeskrivningar och otillräcklig tid som påverkar motivationen negativt. Studien visar att motivationen i mentorskapet främst upprätthålls av mentorns engagemang snarare än av stöd på skolnivå. Analyserna visar att mentorer med fler elever i behov av stöd upplever lägre grad av autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet. Tillräckligt med tid för mentorskapet framstår som en betydelsefull faktor för att tillgodose de psykologiska behoven. Specialpedagogiska implikationer diskuteras i relation till mentorers motivation, som påverkas av organisatoriska villkor som tydliga uppdrag, ledningsstöd, tid, kompetensutveckling, kollegialt lärande och samverkan med elevhälsan, och där ett helhetsgrepp från skolledningen kan främja både mentorskapets hållbarhet och ett likvärdigt stöd för elever i behov av stöd. 

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into agent systems to tackle complex data analysis and code generation tasks. This thesis presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a modular LLM-based agent system featuring diverse tools (sandboxed code execution, Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG), short- and long-term memory, interactive Dash UI generation) and four distinct internal reasoning architectures: Simple, Planning, Reviewing, and Planning & Reviewing. The research systematically compares the performance of these agent configurations against raw LLMs and each other across a range of proprietary and open-source models. Evaluation employs benchmark metrics (Pass@1 on a subset of the BigCodeBench benchmark [1]) and a case study of multi-step interactive data analysis tasks.

The findings reveal that while agentic frameworks can enhance LLM performance, their efficacy is highly contingent on the specific architecture and the underlying model. The Reviewing Agent System demonstrated improvements for reasoning models like o4 mini (high) and Deepseek R1, suggesting the value of structured verification. Conversely, planning-based architectures proved inefficient and impractical for the evaluated tasks. Simpler agent structures were sometimes detrimental, particularly for smaller models like GPT 4.1 nano, which also exhibited high sensitivity to the amount of contextual information provided via RAG. The study underscores that there is no universally optimal RAG configuration (top-k); performanceis model-specific, and excessive context can be counterproductive. Experiments with long-term memory also indicated model-dependent benefits. Assessments in the casestudy highlighted persistent challenges in the comprehensibility of AI-generated user interfaces and significant latency issues with more complex agent systems.

This research concludes that the utility of LLM-agents is not guaranteed by architectural complexity alone but arises from a careful alignment of model capabilities, agent design, and task requirements. It highlights the nuanced benefits of reviewing mechanisms, the critical need for model-specific RAG tuning, and the current limitations of planning-centric approaches, offering empirical insights for the development of more effective and practical LLM-based agent systems.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur lärare i fritidshem beskriver sitt arbete med sociala relationer i fritidshemmets verksamhet. Fokus låg på hur trygga och förtroendefulla relationer kan bibehållas och upprätthållas mellan fritidslärare-elev samt fritidslärare-vårdnadshavare, för att motivera och främja eleverna till lärande. 

Studien bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra utbildade lärare i fritidshem med en yrkeserfarenhet på minst 20 år. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande med begreppen scaffolding, mediering och artefakt. 

Studien belyser att lärare i fritidshem betonar vikten av förtroendefulla relationer, både till elever och vårdnadshavare. Bli sedd, bekräftad samt bemött med intresse framstår som centralt för att stärka elevernas motivation och känsla av sammanhang. Slutsatsen beskriver hur fritidslärares relationsskapande arbete utgör en grundläggande del i att skapa trygga lärmiljöer och bidra till elevernas skolframgång. Studien beskriver därmed fritidshemmets betydelse för både socialt och kunskapsmässigt lärande. 

In this paper, we analyze how Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and Llama are reshaping software development work processes in relation to development tasks such as coding, testing, debugging, documentation, and, by extension, work output, among software development teams in a product-based software development company. Although LLMs are being integrated into software development teams, it remains an open question how they influence existing coding practices, collaboration, and output at the team level. In practice, the extant literature tends to concentrate on technical capabilities and address less about the influence LLMs have on developers’ day-to-day work, team relations, or perceptions of the tools’ integration into software development. 

To fill this void, this thesis studies how LLMs are used in the software development teams within product-based software development companies. Supported by Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST), we conducted a qualitative case study using semi-structured interviews and workplace observations. To guide the study, it investigated how developers integrate LLMs into their daily software development work processes, which include coding, testing, debugging, documentation, and, by extension, work output, and which key attributes influence LLM integration and utilization, and how development teams perceive the impact of LLMs, especially in relation to team collaboration and work output. The aim is to contribute to the socio-technical literature by demonstrating how LLMs reshape collaborative software development practices, particularly in product-based software development contexts, through the lens of AST.

LLMs have been established to enhance coding effectiveness, accelerate problem-solving efforts, facilitate team collaboration, and increase work productivity. However, issues of trust, hallucination, and tool reliability were also reported. Developers were first exposed to LLMs passively through pre-integrated Microsoft Copilot and others. Over time, they gradually started using them more actively via experimentation, informal sharing, and team dialogue. The tool’s utilization was formed based on usability, speed, accessibility, reliability, trust, and context matching. Trust and reliability in the tools, however, changed over time, depending on factors such as accuracy and emotional response. Perceptions were mixed; while many valued the cognitive and stress relief, and task acceleration LLMs offered, others were cautious of over-reliance, skill erosion, or redundancy.

This study provides empirical evidence on the integration of intelligent assistant tools into software developer environments. It captures developers’ perspectives on the use of LLM, highlights key opportunities for LLM, and identifies the main barriers faced in practice. Additionally, it provides actionable recommendations for teams and organizations to integrate LLMs into their software development work processes. By doing so, the study expands the body of knowledge. Guided by key AST framework concepts, including time processes, group decision processes, AITs as social structures, other sources of structure, and factors that influence the appropriation of these structures, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing practical insights into the interaction between human-AI collaboration, trust in the tool, and job security among software development teams.

This study explores the effects of Mg²⁺ ion incorporation and nanocrystalline phases formation on the structure and in vitro dissolution behavior of aluminoborophosphate glasses and glass-ceramics. Two series of MgO-doped samples were prepared via melt-quenching, either in water or on a metal plate, yielding amorphous and partially crystalline materials, respectively. Structural and thermal analyses revealed that increasing MgO content enhanced glass transition and crystallization temperatures and promoted nanocrystal formation. In vitro dissolution tests in phosphate-buffered saline showed that the glass-ceramics dissolved up to five times faster than their amorphous counterparts, with calcium phosphate layers, likely apatite-like phases, forming predominantly on high-Mg samples. Cytotoxicity studies using HUVEC cells indicated that the glass samples were non-cytotoxic under all tested conditions, while the glass-ceramics exhibited composition and concentration dependent effects. These findings highlights the potential of Mg2+ doping and partial crystallization to tailor the bioactivity and dissolution behavior of aluminoborophosphate-based materials.

Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka och få en fördjupad inblick om det finns olika arbetssätt som tillämpas kring elever med NPF diagnoser. Tanken var även att undersöka hur grundlärare i fritidshem nyttjar eventuella arbetssätt för att ge eleverna en känsla av sammanhang och hur inkludering sker i undervisningen. Intervjuer genomfördes med 7 stycken respondenter, 6 st är utbildade grundlärare och 1 är utbildad barnskötare med flera års erfarenhet i fritidshemsverksamhet. Resultaten analyserades genom tematisk analys för att finna ett mönster och teman i respondenternas svar. KASAM-modellen nyttjades som modell i analysen och dess begrepp. Resultaten visar att personal på fritidshemmet upplever att deras arbetsroll består av att både socialisera barnen där de ges en trygghet genom att arbeta med konflikthantering, meningsfullhet, identitetsskapande och ge stöttning där det behövs. Samtidigt kan inte personalen arbeta utifrån sin upplevda arbetsroll då det uppkommer utifrån resultaten att det snarare är brist på personal än arbetssätt. Det framkommer dock att tillgång på lokaler ökar möjligheten till ett bättre utfört arbete kring elever med NPF diagnoser. Resultaten indikerar också att elever som inte klarar av att vara i klassrummet i samma utsträckning som sina kamrater kan få ut mer av fritidshemsverksamheten då den många gånger kompenserar med socialt berikande möten efter skoltid.

Abstract

Context: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems play a crucial role in supporting and integrating core business functions across departments [1, p. 406][2, p. 855]. However, organizations often face significant challenges when replacing legacy systems with modern, cloud-based ERP solutions. One such challenge is ensuring that the new system sufficiently meets the organization’s operational and industry-specific requirements. This issue becomes particularly relevant in complex and dynamic environments like professional sports clubs, where standardized ERP solutions may not directly fit unique business processes [3, p. 32][4, p. 3][5, p. 8].

Objective: This thesis investigates the challenge of migrating from Microsoft Dynamics NAV to Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central in the context of a German Bundesliga football club. The objective is to develop and validate a structured fit-gap analysis and fit-to-standard analysis framework to support ERP migration in a way that ensures both technical compatibility and organizational alignment.

Method: The study follows a qualitative single-case study approach focusing on the football club’s new member creation process. Data is collected through two stakeholder workshops involving six participants from the departments of digitalization and membership support. The workshops were structured with the help of an interview guide containing 27 questions, which served as a guideline for discussion and documentation. The AS-IS process is documented using Business Process Model Notation (BPMN). Requirements are systematically derived and iteratively validated with stakeholders. In total, 26 requirements are identified, categorized using the fit-gap logic, and prioritized according to the MoSCoW priorization method (Must have, Should have, Could have, Won’t have this time). Each gap is then assessed with regard to resolution strategies and implementation feasibility, considering both technical and organizational aspects.

Results: The thesis research confirms that the framework is applicable in highly specific and dynamic organizational environments. In such contexts, standardized ERP solutions need to be adapted to operational and industry-specific requirements. The work also shows the potential to extend the framework to additional processes within the club. It can further be applied to similar member-based organizations in order to validate and refine the approach.

Conclusion: The thesis confirms the practical relevance of the developed framework for the sports industry. It also highlights the need for future research on the automation of fit-gap analysis through artificial intelligence (AI) and on AI- and Machine Learning (ML)-powered ERP functionalities. Another important topic is the long-term organizational impact of cloud-based ERP adoption. The findings contribute to academic literature and to practical ERP migration projects by providing a reproducible methodology that can be adapted to other complex organizational environments.

Keywords: ERP migration, fit-gap analysis, Microsoft Business Central, Microsoft NAV, process modeling, German Bundesliga, sports industry requirements, stakeholder requirements, cloud ERP

Digital accessibility is essential to ensure that everyone can access web content, highlighting the importance of alternative texts (alt-text) for people with visual impairments. At the same time, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has created new opportunities to automate the creation of alt-text. This study investigates the accuracy and usefulness of AI-generated alt-texts in Swedish compared to human-written ones, and identifies the main opportunities and challenges of using AI for this purpose.

The study is based on a survey in which 79 respondents evaluated alt text for 15 photographs. Each image was accompanied by three text alternatives: one generated by  ChatGPT-4o, one by Claude Sonnet 3.7, and one human-written. The survey collected both quantitative and qualitative data regarding how the alt-texts were perceived in terms of accuracy and usefulness.

The results show that, on average, AI-generated alt-texts were perceived as good and generally better than the human-written ones, particularly when describing objects and places. Despite the occurrence of minor errors, the AI-generated alt-texts were considered accurate enough to be accepted by the respondents. However, there remain areas for improvement in tailoring the alt-texts to better meet the needs of people with visual impairments.

The study concludes that AI holds strong potential for alt-text production, but that human review remains necessary to ensure quality, relevance, and target group adaptation. A hybrid approach is therefore recommended if AI is to be used.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of alarm fatigue on watchkeeping officers in theirdaily tasks and how it affects onboard safety. Today's officers are constantly exposed to alarms on thebridge, which can make it difficult to determine which alarms have been activated and how toprioritize them due to the large number of alerts. The aim of this study is to identify factors that couldenhance safety onboard and explore potential improvements in relation to alarm fatigue. Throughinterviews, this study will provide insight into how alarm fatigue influences officers at sea. Theanticipated outcome is for the reader to gain a deeper understanding of how alarm fatigue affectsofficers and how mitigating its effects can contribute to safer maritime operations.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur elever med särskilda utbildningsbehov i matematik (SUM-elever) beskriver en ideallektion i matematik, med fokus på arbetssätt och de upplevelser eleverna kopplar till dessa. Studien har även som mål att jämföra SUM-elevernas uppfattningar med Icke-SUM-elever. Utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsansats med kvantitativa inslag samt ett strategiskt urval intervjuades 57 elever i årskurs 4–6, varav 25 definierades som SUM-elever. Intervjuerna analyserades tematiskt och tolkades med stöd i Self-Determination Theory (SDT).

Resultaten visar att både SUM-elever och Icke-SUM-elever föredrar variation, digitala verktyg och samarbetsbaserat lärande. Skillnader framträdde i elevernas motiv: SUM-elever uttryckte ett större individuellt behov av stöd, tydlighet och koncentration, medan Icke-SUM-elever betonade gemensamt lärande, utmaningar och fysisk aktivitet. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till de psykologiska behoven autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet inom SDT, och visar på vikten av att uppmärksamma hur olika arbetssätt tillgodoser dessa behov på olika sätt för olika elever.

Studiens slutsatser belyser betydelsen av att elevröster, särskilt från elever med stödbehov, får ta plats i utvecklingen av en inkluderande och motiverande matematik-undervisning.

Skolan har enligt lag ett uppdrag att säkerställa elevers rätt till en likvärdig utbildningdär både elever och vårdnadshavare ges reella möjligheter till inflytande ochdelaktighet. Tidigare forskning visar dock att detta ofta brister i praktiken. Syftet medstudien var att undersöka hur skolpersonal erfar och beskriver arbetet med samverkankring utformningen av pedagogiska stödinsatser samt hur de reflekterar över frågorom inflytande och delaktighet för elever och vårdnadshavare. Studien utgår från enkvalitativ ansats där tre fokusgruppsintervjuer och en parintervju genomfördes medskolpersonal i olika yrkesroller, såsom rektorer, specialpedagoger, speciallärare,lärare och socialpedagoger. Analysen har genomförts med stöd avDelaktighetsmodellen, som belyser sex aspekter av delaktighet: tillgänglighet,tillhörighet, engagemang, samhandling, autonomi och erkännande.Resultaten visar att skolpersonal uppfattar relationernas betydelse som avgörande föratt skapa tillit och engagemang, där elevens röst ses som central för motivation ochansvarstagande. Vårdnadshavares engagemang framstår som en viktig resurs menarbetet begränsas ofta av organisatoriska faktorer som tidsbrist, språkbarriärer ochmaktobalanser mellan profession och hem. Delaktighet och inflytande framträder somkomplexa processer snarare än enskilda handlingar, där organisatoriska, relationellaoch kommunikativa faktorer samverkar.Slutsatsen är att skolans arbete med inflytande och delaktighet kräver bådestrukturella förändringar och ett professionellt förhållningssätt präglat av lyhördhetoch ömsesidig respekt. För att elever och vårdnadshavare ska bli verkligt delaktigaaktörer behövs tid, systematik och flexibla arbetssätt som möjliggör hållbara ochlikvärdiga stödinsatser.

Särskilda undervisningsformer är en återkommande diskussion inom skolansverksamhet. Det är därför relevant att uppmärksamma hur dessa praktiker, liksomde elever som berörs, framställs i samhällsdebatten då det i förlängningen kanpåverka synen på elevers rätt till en likvärdig och inkluderande utbildning. Ur ettspecialpedagogiskt perspektiv är det av vikt att vara medveten om innehållet isamhällsdebatten, då ett av specialpedagogers uppdrag är att stödja inkludering ochfölja upp arbetet med särskilt stöd. Mot denna bakgrund har akutskoloruppmärksammats som en relativt ny organisatorisk lösning där elever tillfälligt kanplaceras som en disciplinär åtgärd. Syftet med denna studie är att ökamedvetenheten om hur akutskolor och de elever som placeras där framställs itidningsartiklar. Utifrån denna ansats har Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalysanvänts som både teori och metod. Texterna som har analyserats är 15tidningsartiklar från rikstäckande och lokala tidningar. Resultatet visar attakutskolor och eleverna som placeras där främst framställs genom diskurser omdisciplin och individansvar. Diskurserna riskerar att befästa bilden av elever somproblembärare och kan därmed legitimera exkluderande organisatoriska lösningar.Konsekvenserna av detta kan innebära att fokus förskjuts från skolansorganisatoriska och pedagogiska ansvar till individuella brister hos individen. Förspecialpedagoger innebär detta ett ansvar i att förhålla sig kritiskt till diskurser sområder i samhällsdebatten och aktivt bidra till skapandet av motdiskurser.Motdiskurser som främjar ett mer relationellt och inkluderande perspektiv påskolans uppdrag. 

I denna studie undersöker jag hur både andraspråkstalare och modersmålstalare av svenska uppfattar vokalkontrasten mellan de främre rundade vokalerna /iː/ och /yː/, med fokus på hur fonetisk perception påverkas av språklig exponering och ålder vid skolstart. Studien utgår från teorier om andraspråksinlärning, särskilt Speech Learning Model (SLM) och Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM), och bygger på ett experimentellt upplägg med kvantitativ datainsamling. Gymnasieelever med svenska som andraspråk (n=9) och svenska som modersmål (n=12) deltog i ett datorbaserat test där både korrekthet och reaktionstid registrerades. Regressionsanalyser visade inga statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan bakgrundsvariabler och resultaten för andraspråksgruppen. Jämförelsen mellan grupperna visade att modersmålstalare hade snabbare reaktionstider, men liknande korrekthet. Resultaten tyder på att fonetisk perception påverkas av flera samverkande faktorer och att varken exponeringstid eller ålder ensamt förklarar variationen. Studien understryker behovet av fler experimentella undersökningar med större deltagarurval för att bättre förstå perceptuella mönster i andraspråksinlärning.

Elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning är mindre fysiskt aktiva på fritiden än elever utan intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Forskning visar på att fysisk aktivitet leder till positiva hälsoeffekter på elevens fysiska och psykiska välmående. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur personal inom anpassad grundskola åk 7–9 och anpassad gymnasieskola uppfattar sambandet mellan fysiska fritidsaktiviteter och elevernas välmående i den sociala tillvaron i skolan. För att ta reda på detta genomfördes en tvärsnittsstudie utifrån en enkät med personal på anpassade skolor. Personalen fick delge sina uppfattningar gällande elevernas aktivitetsnivå och dess förutsättningar eller hinder, samt om den fysiska fritidsaktiviteten påverkar elevernas sociala tillvaro i skolan och vad personalens uppfattade samband kan bero på. Studien analyseras utifrån teorierna Self-Determination Theory (SDT) och Self-Efficacy Theory (SET). Resultatet visade på att fysisk fritidsaktivitet, enligt personalens uppfattningar, har ett visst positivt samband för elevernas sociala tillvaro i skolan. Slutsatsen av studien är att eleverna behöver få stöd och förutsättningar för att kunna delta i fysiska fritidsaktiviteter. Det förutsätter ett samarbete mellan hem, skola och föreningar, där skolan kan fungera som en specialpedagogisk bro mellan hemmet och föreningarna.   

This study explores the evolution of Ioannis Metaxas’ social networks during his exile in Italy (1919–1920) and his return to Greece (1921–1923), focusing on the gender, nationality, and occupation of the network’s actors. Utilizing a mixed-method approach that combines Social Network Analysis (SNA), visualization techniques, and historical-critical interpretation, the study constructs temporal networks to examine changes in Metaxas’ connec-tions over time. Analysis through Gephi’s network visualizations and statistical metrics revealed that Metaxas’ network was dynamic and strategically adaptable, evolving to meet his needs in various contexts. Notably, de-spite his military background, Metaxas had limited contact with military personnel; women also played a crucial role as information conduits within his network. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating computa-tional techniques in historical research, offering new insights into Metaxas’ adaptable relationships and a broader understanding of historical events.

This paper investigates the translation of English noun sequences with common noun (street food), proper noun (Britomart Precinct) and hyphenated premodifiers with a noun as the head (rush-hour traffic) into Swedish, with a focus on the translation strategies applied. The Swedish translation was carried out by the author of this paper. The target text translations of noun sequences in the source text were classified as regards their syntactic form (e.g., compound noun, genitive phrase), in accordance with previous contrastive studies by Ström Herold and Levin (2019:832–835; fc.:12–13). A comparison between hyphenated and non-hyphenated noun premodifiers was made, to examine if there were any major differences in how they were translated. The most common translation strategies for all noun premodifiers in the paper were compound nouns and prepositional phrases, with prepositional phrases being more common for hyphenated noun premodifiers than for simple noun premodifiers. This indicates that translators have a stronger tendency to make the semantic relation more explicit with a preposition for certain source text structures.

A few of the noun sequences consisted of three or more nouns (glass floor panels, Saturday-morning City Farmers Market), and for these long complex sequences the same strategies were used, although in different combinations of two or more strategies within the same target text structure.

This study was inspired by a programme teaching a foreign language to adult students utilising methods emulating the child’s natural first-language (L1) acquisition process. The programme, which was active for nearly 40 years, produced results indicating that natural acquisition of language, as done by children, can enable adult learners of a second language (L2) to achieve natural and correct language on the level of L1 speakers effortlessly and, moreover, that deviating from the child’s approach of language acquisition by explicitly studying the language is what causes L2 learners’ interlanguage to fossilise. To test these findings, an oral survey in English was conducted for native speakers of Swedish to compare their levels of salience in interlanguage with their individual backgrounds with the English language, in order to explore possible causes of fossilisation. The results of the study support presented theory, as participants with the highest degrees of non-target-like English generally deviated the most from what children do in their acquisition processes, and those speaking more similarly to L1 speakers adhered more closely to the child’s approach. Comparing the results with the presented background theory, the essay proposes that being afforded opportunities to experience a target L2 as a child does their L1 may be a valid way to ensure desirable results in language learning, considering not least the element of performance anxiety common in language learning settings.

In the context of sustainable civil engineering, increased use of local soil resources suchas glacial till (morän) is crucial. However, its heterogenous composition and the impact ofwater content on the packability of glacial tills, make it challenging to use in construction.

This thesis investigates the relationship between MCV (Moisture Condition Value) andwater content for various types of glacial tills. The aim is to evaluate whether the MCVmethod is a reliable tool for estimating the water content of silt bearing glacial till.

Three soil types were analyzed in laboratory tests: sandy silt till, silty sand till andgravelly sand till. The results show a strong linear correlation of 𝑅2 > 0,90 betweenMCV and water content for all soil types. A higher silt content resulted in a steepercalibration line, indicating reduced sensitivity to variations in water content. The resultsfrom particle size analysis showed that coarser soils exhibited water leakage at lowerwater content levels due to higher permeability, which reduces the measurable range ofwater content during a MCV-test.

The study concludes that the MCV method is a practical and rapid tool for assessingwater content in silt bearing tills, with potential for significant time and cost savings inconstruction projects.

Background: Digital interventions offering behaviour change support are warranted to prevent and treat non-communicable diseases, and have been evaluated rigorously in controlled settings. Effectivenss, factors influencing the uptake of scaled-up interventions—such as reach, received dose, usability and acceptability— and predictors and mediators of efficiency are rarely explored in research. The study described herein aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a personally tailored digital intervention (the app EviBody®), intended to support healthy and sustained lifestyle behaviours among the adult population, on well-being and behaviour change. Further aims are to explore context and uptake factors, predictors and mediators for behaviour change over 24 months.

Methods: This is a real-world study, employing a quasi-experimental design and a process evaluation. EviBody® will be marketed and managed by its owner. A four-armed design will allow for comparison between three levels of intervention (basic, standard and premium) and a control group. Adults who sign up for the app will be invited to the research study including sharing app data and answering questionnaires at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Study start is Autumn 2025. Controls (n = 200 to evaluate the primary endpoint well-being at 6 months) will be recruited through advertisements on social media and asked to answer the same questionnaires at 0 and 6 months provided by email. For predicting and mediating analyses the intention is to recruit 1500 app users. Well-being (measured with the WHO-5 Well-Being Index), goal achievement, physical activity, eating habits, mental health, mediators (motivation, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers), and demographics will be self-reported. Uptake will be collected using analytics and ratings of usability and acceptability, and described by demographics. Mixed models for repeated measures and structural equation modelling will be employed for data analysis.

Discussion: Besides evaluating the effectivenss of a digital intervention, this study also applies a theory-based evaluation to understand which mediators are effective, for whom they are effective, and the specific conditions under which they are most beneficial.

Introduction. The article explores whether members of a Facebook group view the group as a source of credible information and how they evaluate the credibility of information provided in the group. Method.The data for this study were collected using semi-structured interviews with 19 members of a closed Facebook group for mothers. Analysis. The constant comparison technique was used to analyse the interview transcripts which were interpreted from a sociocultural perspective using the concepts of cultural tools and cognitive authority. Results. The findings show that although the participants used the Facebook group to seek information, they did not consider it a credible source of information. The study contributes the insight that assessments depended on the domain of the information and that participants distinguished between information offered in a professional or a personal capacity. A number of cultural tools were employed to negotiate credibility assessments, including language use and writing style, expertise, life experience, educational background, and similar lifestyles, parenting values and worldviews. Conclusions. The Facebook group was characterised by a combination of familiar and unfamiliar others, of the sharing and seeking of information from different domains and of first- and second-hand knowledge. The participants employed various cultural tools to assess credibility in this mixture of knowledge domains and information sources.

Silvia Moreno-Garcia’s Mexican Gothic (2020) and Trang Thanh Tran’s She Is a Haunting(2023) are both haunted house narratives, located in Mexico and Vietnam respectively,consciously engaging with the well-established tropes of the Gothic tradition to situatetheir respective colonial mansions as the geographical centers of the spectral, corporeal,and ecological horrors of the texts. Yet, rather than these mansions serving a reading under the rubric of postcolonial Gothic, in which they would serve more so as “hauntingremainder[s]” (Ilott 24) of colonialism, these texts invite a reading that resists theepochal distinction implied by the term “postcolonial” and instead registers in theirhouses’ haunting persistence the unresolved and unconcluded history of colonial powerand capitalist extraction.The current paper—taking as its point of departure the Warwick Research Collective’s(WReC) theorization of world-literature as literature of the world-system, and Gothic asa form of “irrealist” mode of representation that registers the moment of(re)incorporation of a given region into the global system of capitalist relations and itssubsequent socio-ecological restructuring, as well as Jason W. Moore’s conception ofthe world-system as a world-ecology—aims to investigate how these two novelsconfigure and reinscribe the Gothic haunted house as the locus of the biosphericmanifestations of recurring socio-ecological upheavals of our geohistorical moment,and their disproportionate and uneven distribution across the world-system. By readingthe Gothic strategies in these texts as registrations of the intersecting colonial andcapitalist relationships responsible for the current biospheric breakdown, the paperaims to map the haunted mansions in these texts as active spaces of negotiating thematerial conditions of the world-ecology as they manifest in the peripheries, and howthe Gothic haunted house takes on a new, remediated role in a world-ecologicalframework.

Att barn och unga i så hög grad uteblir från skolan att frånvaro snarare än deltagande blir det normala är ett växande problem som berör många elever idag. Orsakerna till frånvaron är ofta komplexa och handlar om ett samspel mellan olika svårigheter, vilket gör att utmaningarna med att ta sig till och stanna kvar i skolan kan upplevas som oöverstigliga.

Att långsiktigt stå utanför den ordinarie skolgången är dock ingen hållbar lösning. Förutom risken att halka efter i kunskapsinhämtningen innebär det också en risk för social isolering. I takt med att långvarig frånvaro blivit ett allt tydligare problem i den svenska skolan har särskilda funktioner och arbetssätt utvecklats, både i förebyggande syfte och för att stödja återgång till skolan. Denna rapport beskriver erfarenheter från arbetet med problematisk skolfrånvaro, invävda i ett sammanhang där forskning och praktik möts. 

Här får du ta del av resultatet från så kallade kunskapsdialoger, där ett antal praktiskt verksamma medarbetare inom skola och socialtjänst i Växjö kommun mötte två forskare från Linnéuniversitetet. Syftet var att dela erfarenheter och skapa gemensam kunskap för metodutveckling inom området. 

Previous research has identified decoding challenges among Swedish Grade 1 pupils, with 37% of L2 learners and 19% of L1 learners scoring low in word decoding (Fälth et al., 2023). Limited phonological awareness (PA) can exacerbate these challenges (Catts et al., 2014). However, early interventions targeting PA, particularly within Tier 2 RtI settings, have shown promise. This feasibility study examined the efficacy of a Tier 2 intervention implemented in Swedish preschool classes, focusing on enhancing both L1 and L2 pupils’ reading skills, specifically sound segmentation, blending and grapheme-phoneme correspondence for those at risk of reading difficulties. In a quasi-experimental design, 175 six-year-olds were screened, identifying 36 with low PA (stanines 1-3). From this, 32 pupils were matched by pre-test scores, gender and language background, forming an experimental group (n = 16) and a comparison group (n = 16). The experimental group received explicit PA training while the comparison group received standard treatment. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted. Initially, there were no significant differences in phonological performance between the groups. However, pupils receiving the Tier 2 intervention showed greater improvements in PA compared to peers in the comparison group (g = 1.02). These results highlight the effectiveness of a PA Tier 2 intervention.

This study explores the climate change effects of building with wood structural frames in a life cycle perspective, with a focus on biogenic carbon. Analyses of a timber-frame building are carried out considering fossil and biogenic carbon flows during the production, construction, use, and end-of-life stages of the building. Both static and dynamic life cycle modelling are used and compared, to understand the implications of different biogenic carbon accounting methods, including a simplified approach and an entire chain approach integrating biogenic carbon flows from forestry, construction, and energy sectors. The findings show significant differences between the modelling approaches. Over a 100-year analysis period, the static modelling with simplified biogenic carbon accounting indicates a building life cycle climate impact of 164 kgCO₂e/m², and is the same when excluding and including biogenic carbon flows. The dynamic modelling with simplified biogenic carbon accounting indicates a life cycle climate impact at year 100 of 199 and 91 kgCO₂e/m² when excluding and including biogenic carbon flows, respectively. The corresponding life cycle climate impact for dynamic modelling with entire chain accounting of biogenic carbon flows is 51 kgCO₂e/m². The production stage dominates the building's life cycle climate impact, with insulation contributing the most. Overall, the dynamic modelling of biogenic carbon flows across the entire chain results in a significantly lower life cycle climate impact for the building. This study underscores the importance of robust accounting for GHG emissions, including biogenic carbon, to optimize the climate impacts of wood-based buildings.

Background 

In Sweden, most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur in private residences and nursing homes. Although studies suggest that nursing home staff appear hesitant to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before ambulance staff arrive, it is unknown whether treatment and outcomes among those who suffer OHCA in nursing homes differ from private residences. The aim of the study was to describe OHCA occurrence, treatment, and 30-day survival in people aged 65 years or older in Swedish nursing homes, in comparison with private residences.

Methods 

This retrospective registry study utilized data from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from 1992 to 2022. The study included 59 459 OHCAs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, complemented with generalized linear models.

Results 

The number of OHCAs was 56 379 in private residences and 3 080 in nursing homes. While the occurrence of OHCA increased in private residences it remained stable in nursing homes. The overall survival rate in people suffering OHCA in living facilities was 4.4% during the 31-year study period. There was an advantage of 1.0% in 30-days survival for private residences in the unadjusted analyses (p < 0.001), while the adjusted longitudinal model displayed a positive trend in annual survival odds in both private residences (5.6%) and in nursing homes (3.5%), with no difference between the groups (p = 0.207).

Conclusions 

In this registry study, 30-day survival in nursing homes and private residences was similar and improved in both settings. These findings suggest that the location of OHCA is not the primary determinant of survival. Resuscitation decisions should be guided by careful consideration of the patient’s medical condition, frailty, andpersonal preferences. Future initiatives might include strengthening emergency preparedness in nursing homes while supporting ethically justified and patient-centred shared decision-making.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into municipal organizations. In line with this development, the need to ensure that AI solutions meet ethical guidelines and legal requirements increases. This study examines the challenges that Swedish municipalities face when implementing AI in accordance with these requirements. The analysis focuses on governance, implementation processes and organizational structures. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with key individuals from four different municipalities and the analysis is based on two theoretical frameworks: institutional theory and the TOE model. The results show that the governance of AI is affected by significant variation between municipalities. Factors such as technical capacity, organizational culture, resource availability and the degree of guidance from authorities affect how ethical and legal guidelines are interpreted and applied in practice. The study shows that AI is often considered a natural part of the ongoing digitalization work, but that the lack of operational guidelines creates uncertainty, which can lead to inconsistent use of AI systems. The purpose of the study is to highlight the institutional and organizational challenges that arise in connection with ethical and legal compliance when implementing AI in municipal operations and thereby contribute to research in informatics and AI governance.

Background: Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) is an effective and brief behavioral treatment for insomnia and could serve as a valuable complement to insomnia care. This study explores patients' experiences of being offered and attending group-SRT at their primary care centers, including experiences of feasibility and mechanisms of impact.

Methods: This qualitative study was undertaken alongside a randomized controlled trial on nurse-led group-SRT in Swedish primary care, involving adults with insomnia disorder. Semi-structured interviews were conducted within three months post-intervention with fourteen patients. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis before trial results were examined. The study was guided by the Medical Research Council framework for process evaluation of complex interventions.

Results: The result is presented in two themes: Increased knowledge, motivation, and flexibility in enhancing adherence to group-SRT and Struggles, solutions, and group dynamics: A path to empowerment. Patients found that understanding sleep reinforced their commitment to group-SRT by providing a rationale for participation. Adherence was influenced by treatment flexibility, personal motivation, and group dynamics. Patients experienced that while group-SRT was challenging, it also offered solutions for better sleep. However, life circumstances and depressive symptoms hindered compliance.

Conclusions: Patients' experience of group-SRT were influenced by the patient-provider relationship, motivation, and comorbid depression, all which impacted engagement. This study provides valuable insights into how patients perceive group-SRT, contributing to the refinement of future insomnia treatments. Further research should explore healthcare providers' perspectives on both the challenges and opportunities for implementing group-SRT in primary care.

An efficient and scalable implementation of a method for locating first-order saddle points on the energy surface of a magnetic system is presented, along with several applications in which the mechanisms of various magnetic transitions are identified. The starting point for the iterative search algorithm can be anywhere, even close to a local energy minimum representing an initial state of the system, and the final state need not be specified. Convergence on a saddle point is obtained by inverting the component of the gradient along the minimum mode, thereby effectively transforming the neighborhood of the saddle point to that of a local minimum. The method requires only the lowest two eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the Hessian of the system's energy and they are found using a quasi-Newton limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno solver for the minimization of the Rayleigh quotient without explicit evaluation of the Hessian. The method is applicable to large systems, as it does not introduce additional scaling overhead to the computational complexity determined by the interactions present in the system. Applications are presented to transitions in systems that reveal significant complexity of coexisting magnetic states, such as skyrmions, skyrmion bags, skyrmion tubes, chiral bobbers, and globules. The identification of new metastable three-dimensional (3D) textures, such as magnetic bobbers with extended equilibrium distance between the base and the terminating Bloch point, and magnetic globules appearing as isolated states in 3D due to magnetostatic interactions, demonstrates the usefulness of the method for the characterization of complex energy surfaces of magnetic systems. When combined with rate theory within the harmonic approximation, the method can be used for simulations of the long timescale dynamics of complex magnetic systems characterized by multiple metastable states.

Background: Insomnia and depression are common, comorbid conditions with cognitive consequences. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) improves subjective cognition, but effects on objective performance are unclear. This study aims to examine cognitive differences in insomnia with and without comorbid depression, and changes in cognition following CBT-I.

Methods: This study examined cognitive outcomes in 170 (124 for longitudinal analyses) participants from two randomized clinical trials of internet-delivered 9 or 12 weeks CBT-I for patients with insomnia (n = 78) or comorbid insomnia and depression (n = 92). Cognitive performance was assessed pre- and post-treatment using selected computerized cognitive tests from the CANTAB battery. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used for evaluation.

Results: Following CBT-I, improvements were statistically significant on seven out of 17 outcomes across patients with and without comorbid depression: the Rapid Visual Processing task (correct hits, p < .001, misses, p < .001, latency, p = .040), Stockings of Cambridge (problems solved on first choice, p = .042), and Affective Go/No gGo (commissions, p = .005; omissions, p = .022; affective bias, p = .020). Comorbid depression was not statistically significantly associated with cognitive performance on most tasks. However, on the Spatial Span task, comorbid depression was associated with lower span length (p = .038), fewer attempts (p = .021), and longer latency (p = .030), suggesting impaired spatial working memory in depressed individuals. No statistically significant associations were found between changes in insomnia or depression severity and changes in cognitive performance after treatment.

Conclusions: Differences in cognitive performance between patients with insomnia and patients with both insomnia and depression seem very small. CBT-I may be associated with improvements in objective cognitive performance across some domains, including attention, working memory, executive function, and emotional processing. Future research should employ better control for e.g. practice effects, and explore any long-term cognitive effects of CBT-I.

This study explores consumer ethnocentrism in the context of a globalized economy, reflecting on broader societal and marketplace shifts. Focusing on the Czech Republic as a case study, it employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates media discourse analysis of Czech press narratives with cluster analysis derived from data mining techniques. The research study identifies five distinct typologies of ethnocentric consumers, i.e. Ethno-Responsible Shoppers, Ethno-Quality Seekers, Ethno-Style Oriented, Ethno-Practical Shoppers, and Ethno-Heritage Explorers. These typologies reflect varying engagements with national, economic, social, political, cultural, moral, historical, and environmental discourses. This empirical study advances theoretical understanding by highlighting the interplay between macro-level media narratives and individual ethnocentric consumption patterns. Furthermore, the findings provide valuable insights for marketers and policymakers, identifying key characteristics of contemporary ethnocentric consumers. These insights can inform predictive marketing strategies, content creation, and alignment of policies and marketing campaigns.

This doctoral thesis explores the literarity of reportage, with a focus on the 20th century and modern reportage. The aim is to describe the literary strategies used in modern text-based reportage and how these strategies relate to journalistic standards of credibility and ethics. A primary focus is the question of what the reportage is looking for in the literary, what happens to this literarity when it is used for journalistic purposes, and, in turn, how the literary establishes ethics in the text.

By suggesting that a piece of reportage is a journalistic text that simultaneously tells the story about the reporter’s encounter with the event, this dissertation sheds light on possible approaches to the concept of literarity: Subjectivity, narrativity, meta-narrative aspects, the poetic function of language and the performative movements in the text. The ethics of reportage is also to be derived from the encounter, and this thesis implements a concept of ethics in conversations with Emmanuel Levinas and dialogical philosophy. It provides an opportunity to separate ethics from moral, ideological and political dimensions of responsibility in the encounter. This aspect of ethics, where literarity and counter-movement operate beyond the direct intention, is what is needed to understand the reportage genre.

The dissertation also includes six longer reportage analyses embodying its results: Djuna Barnes’s, Vagaries Malicieux, Ryszard Kapuściński’s Another Day of Life, Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood, Hanna Krall’s A Tale for Hollywood, Sven Lindqvist’s Kina nu: Vad skulle Mao ha sagt? and Joan Didion’s, Slouching towards Bethlehem.

We propose a quantum-inspired framework for modeling open distributed intelligence systems (DISs) comprising natural intelligence agents (NIAs) and artificial intelligence agents (AIAs) that interact with each other. Each NIA - AIA pair represents a user and their digital assistant - an avatar implemented as an agent based on a large language model (LLM). The AIAs are interconnected through a complex, scale-free network and communicate with users and one another in real time. We focus on the social impact and evolution of users' emotional states, which we model as simple, two-level cognitive systems shaped by interactions with AIAs and external information sources. Within this framework, the AIAs adiabatically follow the NIAs, mediating emotional influence by disseminating information and propagating user emotions throughout the system. Building on Mehrabian's Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model and Wundt's three-dimensional theory of emotions, we put forward a quantum-like representation of affective states on an emotional sphere. We demonstrate that the arousal component is governed by the interplay between external informational inputs and individual personality traits. This leads to the emergence of limiting cycles in emotional dynamics. Assuming weak AIA - AIA coupling, we identify two distinct regimes of affective behavior. In the first regime, coherent NIA - AIA interaction supports emotional heterogeneity and individual differentiation across the network. In the second regime, shared exposure to external information drives synchronized emotional responses, resulting in a macroscopic affective field that captures collective emotional dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the network's structural properties, particularly node degree correlations, play a role analogous to quantum correlations in ensembles of two-level physical systems; a quantum-like superradiant state corresponds to the network-induced collective emotional activation of NIAs within a DIS. These findings advance our understanding of affective dynamics and emergent social phenomena in hybrid human-AI ecosystems.