The need to re-envision alternative paradigms in tourism is becoming evident with the increasingly experienced climate change and degradation of life supporting ecosystem services, to which the tourism industry has a significant adverse contribution. Could tourism be re-envisioned to bring positive effects on social, environmental and individual wellbeing? In this paper, we present the outcome of an extensive literature review and a cross-border post card workshop with researchers and tourism officials. Drawing on this, a conceptual framework of a comprehensive, relational idea of wellbeing tourism is proposed, that extends beyond our current notion of sustainability and the widely used and accepted triple bottom line model (TBL). The suggested model proposes a shift from focusing on sustainability alone, to giving increased attention and value to integral health and to life quality. The paper highlights that wellbeing tourism can only truly be reached when all its suggested six pillars are fulfilled in a relative balance among the community related external ones (environment, economy, social; “sustainability”) and those that may be experienced as individual (body, mind, soul). The importance of wellbeing tourism supporting a society with the governing characteristics of happiness, harmony, and abundance, building collaborative and regenerative systems are emphasised.

How customers develop purchase intentions in online shopping has been an area of recent interest. In this study, we ask whether males and females leverage trust into and perceived reputation of online retailers differently in reporting purchase intentions. Drawing on the literature on differences in males and females in online shopping behaviors, we propose that females rely on reputation in developing purchase intentions whereas males rely on perceived trust in developing purchase intentions. In a sample of 727 respondents in Sweden, we find support for the proposed associations. Implications for online retailers are discussed.

This study aims to explore the respective risk perception toward the Covid-19 pandemic among the elderly in two developing countries and their lifestyle change and adaptation behavior as a result of that. In total, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted among people aged 60 to 85 in Iran and India. The interview guideline was based on two constructs inspired by the study of Gerhold (2020) – risk perception of the pandemic and change in lifestyle and adaptation to the pandemic situation. The results showed that although the majority of the interviewees initially experienced fear and anxiety during the stay-at-home order and the pandemic situation at large, they quickly adapted to the new situation with behavioral and attitudinal changes in ways relevant to the new normal. The results confirmed the maturation hypothesis proposed by Knight et al. (2000). This paper is an original study of the researchers and among the first contributing to the literature of the elderly studies in developing countries. It contributes to the knowledge required for future behavioral studies concerning the Covid-19 pandemic by evaluating the experiences, risk perception, and adaptation approaches of the older people in India and Iran.

The growing unsustainable economic and consumption systems put an enormous strain on the planet's resources. This has led to environmental concerns on a global level and a realization of the need to develop new sustainable business models. The Circular Business Mod& (CBM) is a response to that need to achieve a more sustainable future. The aim of this study is to investigate consumers' willingness to adopt one promising form of CBM called the Product-Service System (PSS). A PSS is a sustainable business model that aims at lessening the harmful unsustainable effects of consumption.Based on the literature, this study developed a conceptual model consisting of five independent variables; Economic Value, Flexibility, Trust, Desire to Own, Peer Influence, and Consumers' Environmental Awareness as a moderating variable to evaluate the determinants of consumers' willingness to adopt PSS. The primary data was collected through an online survey with 463 usable responses, and the hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis in SPSS. The results showed that five of the six hypothesized factors were significant determinants of consumers' willingness to adopt PSS.

We examine how power influences consumers’ perceptions of other consumers who consume ethical products. Across two studies, we demonstrate that high power individuals denigrate others who engage in ethical consumption and this effect is observed, especially when they are provided information about ethical consumer compliance with the social norms. These findings extend the literature in social influence and moral judgment in ethical consumption literature and offers practical insights regarding the use of social norms to promote ethical consumption.

The environmental and social responsibility of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has become a significant issue in recent years. As a result, MNEs can generate favorable attitudes and gain legitimacy among their culturally and socially diverse stakeholders in international markets by disclosing information about their CSR activities using various tools. This study considers the content of one type of these communication tools: the CSR report. However, for CSR information to be communicated efficiently, it must first and foremost be understandable and readable for MNEs' global stakeholders with different language skills and comprehension abilities. Through a content analysis of CSR disclosure of ten of the most sustainable MNEs, we aim to answer the question of whether they are readable or not among their international stakeholders. By using 14 readability indices, the results show that these reports are not readable enough for the international audience of the enterprises and that the extent of their syntactic complexity makes them difficult to comprehend.

Being aware of the extent of the tourism industry and that it is ever growing, which is also encouraged in many individual countries by the national and regional governments, it is evident that the tourism industry is an essential target group for introducing circular concepts and implementing circular solutions. Yet, this sector has so far received little attention in the literature and initiatives on circularity.

Circular Economy (CE) goes beyond “green” or “environmental”, it includes all aspects of a community and challenges us to create solutions that are completely different from what we are used to. It also invites us to open up and interact with other stakeholders and the general public.

In your hands is the first training material in circular economy specifically developed for small to medium sized companies of the tourism industry in the South Baltic Region. It is a small but important step in the direction towards circularity and a wellbeing society. Through this work we have shown that despite cultural challenges and regional differences there is a shared, common interest in making tourism more sustainable and even to work together towards a transformation of the hospitality industry. This common vision has been stronger than the challenges we faced in making this work and this is what will ensure the continued growing awareness on circularity and its integration in different sectors in our communities. In this work we have featured some of the groundbreaking experts in this field, and some of the first good practices from our regions. They are all courageous pioneers in a field that with time will become the norm. In fact, in the 10th Annual Forum of the EU strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (12-13/6/2019, Gdansk, Poland), CE was highlighted as the pathway to reach prosperity and wellbeing in the Baltic Sea Region.

The aim of this study is to gain a comprehensive view on the current state of wellbeing tourism and its potential for development in certain coastal and near coastal regions of the South Baltic. Based on the published contemporary discourse on wellbeing tourism and its practices, we propose the following definition for wellbeing tourism: "a specific type of tourism intended to promote and maintain a positive state of health of the body, mind and soul, and that is composed of products and services drawn upon a sustainable and harmonious interaction with the surrounding environment and community."