Adults with ADHD face many challenges in their daily lives. Daily life can be made easier by learning from others or developing one’s own strategies. The healthcare services can provide information and interventions, but we know little about what the adults with ADHD themselves say they need, and in which ways they are involved in their care. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences adults with ADHD have of being involved in their care. Fifteen semi structured in-depth interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed with qualitative latent content analysis that revealed one major theme: “Becoming someone like anyone else” and three sub-themes “Being connected”, “Finding a place in companionship” and “Pathways to participation in care”. The findings of this study emphasize that adults with ADHD express a desire to be involved in the care and treatment for their ADHD if a sense of security and their information needs are met. This involvement becomes part of what leads them towards a more self-sufficient state where they can feel like anyone else and gain more strategies to manage their daily lives.

Background: To stimulate the learning process for nursing students, theory and practice need to be integrated by means of practice at a clinical training centre (CTC). The Covid-19 pandemic was a challenge in relation to this. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the experiences of clinical practice at the CTC among nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: It is a crosssectional study using both quantitative and qualitative design. Data were analysed using both descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. Results: Due to the pandemic restrictions and distance education the students reported frustration over the lack of materials and 15.1% of the students reported poor/very poor experience of clinical training. The results point out the importance of being able to link caring theory with nursing practice at the CTC, no matter the circumstances, and how unity among the teachers regarding what to learn, conditions and goals is vital.

Adults with ADHD experience a wide range of difficulties in daily life, and RNs and other healthcare professionals need to know how to support them. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of which selfcare strategies adults with ADHD use and need in order to manage daily life. A literature review based on the PRISMA model was performed, and seven articles with a qualitative design were found. Data were analyzed with thematic analysis. The analysis generated one major theme Enabling ways to manage the consequences of disability in daily life based on three subthemes; Establishing ways of acting to help yourself, Finding encouraging and helping relationships, and Using external aids for managing daily life. Professionals may benefit from knowing about these selfcare strategies when meeting people with ADHD.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences related to verbal and social interaction skills between nursing students attending universities in Sweden and China, two countries with different educational systems, during the students’ first semester.

Background: Nurses need a high level of interaction skills in order to interact effectively with patients and their families. Thus, practical nursing education focusing on clinical skills is essential.

Method: Students at one university in Sweden and two universities in China completed the Verbal and Social Interactions for Nursing Students (VSI-NS) questionnaire.

Results: The students perceived ‘Building a caring relationship’ and ‘Caring towards health and well-being’ as the most frequently occurring and important types of caring interactions. The students perceived that talking with a patient about his/her feelings and thoughts was the least frequently occurring and least important type of caring interaction.

Conclusion: The students appear to understand from the initial phase of their education that the caring relationship and the patients’ health and well-being will be the major focus of their role as nurses.

Background:The EQ-5D index often fails to detect the effect of ophthalmic diseases and sight loss. Investigating predictors of individual EQ-5D health dimensions might reveal the underlying reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of health dimension ratings obtained with the EQ-5D-3L from participants with impaired vision representing a spectrum of eye diseases.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study with participants recruited at four public hospitals in Portugal. Outpatients with visual acuity of 0.30 logMAR(6/12) or worse in the better-seeing eye were invited to participate. Participants completed two instruments: the EQ-5D-3L (measures participants’ perceived health-related quality-of-life) and the Massof Activity Inventory (measures visual ability–ability to perform vision-related activities). This study used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with responses to the EQ-5D-3L.

Results: The study included 492 participants, mean age 63.4 years (range = 18–93), 50% females. The most common diagnosis was diabetic retinopathy (37%). The mean visual acuity in the better seeing eye was 0.65 logMAR (SD = 0.48) and the mean visual ability was 0.62 logits (SD = 2.04), the correlation between the two was r = − 0.511 (p < 0.001). Mobility and self-care were the health dimensions with the fewest problems (1% reported extreme problems), anxiety and depression the dimension with the most problems (24% reported extreme problems). ROC curve analysis showed that the EQ-5D index was a poor predictor of cases of vision impairment whilst visual ability given was a good predictor of cases of vision impairment. Visual ability was an independent predictor of the response for all dimensions, higher ability was always associated with a reduced odds of reporting problems. The odds of reporting problems were increased for females in 3 out of 5 dimensions. Comorbidities, visual acuity and age-category were predictors of the odds of reporting problems for one dimension each.

Conclusions: The odds of reporting problems for the five health dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L were strongly influenced by the ability to perform vision-related activities (visual ability). The EQ-5D index showed poor performance at detecting vision impairment. These findings are informative and relevant for the clinic and for research evaluating the impact of eye diseases and disease treatments in ophthalmology.

Bakgrund: EQ-5D-indexet misslyckas ofta med att upptäcka effekten av oftalmiska sjukdomar och synförlust. Att undersöka prediktorer för individuella EQ-5D-hälsodimensioner kan avslöja de bakomliggande orsakerna. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka prediktorer för hälsodimensionsklassificeringar erhållna med EQ-5D-3L från deltagare med nedsatt syn som representerar ett spektrum av ögonsjukdomar.

Metoder: Observationstvärsnittsstudie med deltagare rekryterade vid fyra offentliga sjukhus i Portugal. Öppenvårdspatienter med synskärpa på 0,30 logMAR(6/12) eller sämre i det mer seende ögat bjöds in att delta. Deltagarna slutförde två instrument: EQ-5D-3L (mäter deltagarnas upplevda hälsorelaterade livskvalitet) och Massof Activity Inventory (mäter visuell förmåga- och förmåga att utföra synrelaterade aktiviteter). Denna studie använde logistiska regressionsmodeller för att identifiera faktorer associerade med svar på EQ-5D-3L. 

Resultat: Studien omfattade 492 deltagare, medelålder 63,4 år (intervall = 18–93), 50% kvinnor. Den vanligaste diagnosen var diabetesretinopati (37%). Den genomsnittliga synskärpan i det bättre seende ögat var 0,65 logMAR (SD = 0,48) och den genomsnittliga visuella förmågan var 0,62 logits (SD = 2,04), korrelationen mellan de två var r = − 0,511 (p < 0,001). Rörlighet och egenvård var de hälsodimensioner som hade minst problem (1 % rapporterade extrema problem), ångest och depression den dimension som hade flest problem (24 % rapporterade extrema problem). ROC-kurvanalys visade att EQ-5D-indexet var en dålig prediktor för fall av synnedsättning medan visuell förmåga som gavs var en bra prediktor för fall av synnedsättning. Visuell förmåga var en oberoende prediktor för svaret för alla dimensioner, högre förmåga var alltid förknippad med en minskad odds för att rapportera problem. Oddsen för att rapportera problem ökade för kvinnor i 3 av 5 dimensioner. Samsjuklighet, synskärpa och ålderskategori var prediktorer för oddsen för att rapportera problem för en dimension vardera.

Slutsatser: Oddsen för att rapportera problem för de fem hälsodimensionerna i EQ-5D-3L påverkades starkt av förmågan att utföra synrelaterade aktiviteter (visuell förmåga). EQ-5D-indexet visade dålig prestanda när det gäller att upptäcka synnedsättning. Dessa resultat är informativa och relevanta för kliniken och för forskning som utvärderar effekterna av ögonsjukdomar och sjukdomsbehandlingar inom oftalmologi.

*Detta abstrakt har maskinöversatts, osäkerheter kan uppstå

Contexto: O índice EQ-5D muitas vezes não deteta o efeito das doenças oftalmómicas e da perda de visão. A investigação de preditores de dimensões sanitárias individuais do EQ-5D pode revelar as razões subjacentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os preditores das classificações de dimensão da saúde obtidas com o EQ-5D-3L dos participantes com deficiência visual causada por um espectro de doenças oculares.

Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional com participantes recrutados em quatro hospitais públicos em Portugal. Foram convidados a participar em pacientes em ambulatório com acuidade visual de 0.30 logMAR(6/12) ou pior no melhor olho. Os participantes completaram dois instrumentos: o EQ-5D-3L (mede a perceção da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde dos participantes) e o Massof Activity Inventory (mede a capacidade de realizar atividades diárias relacionadas com a visão). Este estudo utilizou modelos de regressão logística para identificar fatores associados às respostas dados ao EQ-5D-3L.

Resultados:  O estudo incluiu 492 participantes, idade média de 63.4 anos (intervalo = 18-93), 50% mulheres. O diagnóstico mais comum foi a retinopatia diabética (37%). A acuidade visual média no olho melhor foi 0.65 logMAR (SD = 0.48) e a capacidade visual média foi de 0.62 logits (SD = 2.04), a correlação entre os dois foi r = − 0,511 (p < 0,001). A mobilidade e os autocuidado foram as dimensões da saúde com menos problemas (1% reportaram problemas extremos), ansiedade e depressão a dimensão com mais problemas (24% reportaram problemas extremos). A análise da curva ROC mostrou que o índice EQ-5D era um mau indicador de casos de deficiência visual, enquanto a capacidade visual revelou-se um bom preditor de casos de deficiência visual. A capacidade visual for um preditor independente da resposta para todas as dimensões, uma maior capacidade visual estava sempre associada a uma redução das probabilidades de reportar problemas. As probabilidades de reportar problemas aumentaram para o sexo feminino para 3 de 5 dimensões. Comorbilidades, acuidade visual e faixa etária foram preditores das probabilidades de reportar problemas para uma dimensão cada. 

Conclusões: As probabilidades de reportar problemas para as cinco dimensões de saúde do EQ-5D-3L foram fortemente influenciadas pela capacidade de realizar atividades relacionadas com a visão (capacidade visual). O índice EQ-5D mostrou um fraco desempenho na deteção de deficiência visual. Estes resultados são informativos e relevantes para a clínica e para a investigação que avalia o impacto das doenças oculares e dos tratamentos oftalmologicos.

Objectives: Chronic, clinical pain states are often accompanied by distress such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine if certain clinical pain variables could predict the level of anxiety and depression in subjects with musculoskeletal pain.Methods: Two multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on a sample consisting of 189 subjects with clinical pain with the independent pain variables of pain intensity, the influence of pain on daily activities, pain persistence, pain duration, and the number of pain locations. The dependent variables measured anxiety and depression, respectively.Result: Two statistically significant models were found, where the predicted variables accounted for 37.0% of the variability in the anxiety levels and 43.7% of the variability in the depression levels. The independent variable, the influence of pain on daily activities, significantly predicted the level of anxiety. The variables, the influence of pain on daily activities and the number of pain locations, significantly predicted the levels of anxiety and depression.Conclusions: This study showed that two different independent variables, the influence of pain on daily activities and the number of pain locations, significantly predicted the levels of depression. The predictor, the influence of pain on daily activities, significantly predicted the levels of anxiety. The knowledge gained about which specific pain variables are more likely to coexist with anxiety and depression in clinical pain states could be important in implementing holistic treatment plans for chronic pain.

Communicable diseases pass all the geographical and political boundaries as a result of globalization, population movement, and international trade regime. Every year, the WHO publishes a long list of new disease outbreaks. Thus, Covid-19 is not the last and the only disease that requires adjustment in health behavior and public participation. During an epidemic/pandemic, different countries design new and different public health measures to protect their own population. However, people may choose to follow these new policies or ignore them. Choosing to ignore them jeopardizes the effect of new public health policies and counteracts all the efforts of healthcare providers. This theoretical paper attempts to provide a theoretical foundation for personal health behaviors during an epidemic/pandemic by providing evidence from the current Covid-19 outbreak. This paper covers the main theoretical aspects from the epidemiological transition decision-making process, health belief model, optimism bias, conspiracy theory and trust, stigmatization and super-spreader, and social determinates of health in three levels (from individual level to social and contextual level), which can allow us to understand personal health behavior during epidemics/pandemics. 

Cultural awareness in healthcare providers is considered one of the most important factors in improving the efficiency and quality of care in a diverse population. Thus, education in cultural awareness needs to be an essential component in nursing education. This study, which uses a qualitative design, aimed to investigate cultural awareness in nursing students in Sweden. Focus groups were used to collect data from 12 students. Three categories were identified as follows after qualitative data analysis of the interviews: 1) desire to learn, 2) learning by doing and 3) caring beyond boundaries. The result clearly indicates that students are willing to learn more about how to care for people with different cultural backgrounds. However, this learning is not always available in official lecture-based education. In fact, most awareness about cultural aspects of healthcare is developed from practice and informal education.

Finally, the result also revealed the importance of nurses being able to see the individual beyond the culture, and being aware of their own prejudice. In conclusion, education offers limited opportunities for nursing students to become culturally aware. Nursing education can be improved by strengthening both theoretical and practical tasks involving cultural awareness.

Objective: Following migration, pregnant immigrant women may encounter social, cultural, and economic challenges that negatively affect their food choices and subsequent health outcomes. Culturally appropriate health care is crucial during the perinatal period to ensure the health of immigrant mothers and their children. This project aims to explore and understand how the health beliefs and practices of Chinese immigrant women affect their food choices during the perinatal period.

Design: This qualitative study used the methodology of focused ethnography. Women participated in one semi-structured interview, followed by a second photo-assisted, semi-structured interview which incorporated photographs taken by the women themselves.

Results: The food choices and health behaviors of immigrant women were influenced by their general health beliefs, cultural knowledge concerning particular types of foods, traditional Chinese medical beliefs, social advice and information, and socio-economic factors.

Conclusion: The provision of culturally appropriate health care is crucial during the perinatal period, as it is not only a vulnerable life stage for women and their children but also a sensitive period of interaction with the Canadian health-care system. Understanding these intersecting factors can help to ensure culturally appropriate care and optimized health outcomes for Chinese immigrant women during the perinatal period.