This report is intended as a tutorial on electromagnetic modeling to measure and estimate the complex valued relative permeability of magnetic steel. The main application is with the estimation of the electromagnetic material parameters of the armour wires used with high-voltage AC power cables.

When the magnetic field intensity is sufficiently far from saturating the magnetic steel, the magnetic hysteresis phenomena can be approximated by using a linearization approach based on a complex valued (and frequency and amplitude dependent) relative permeability. In the report it is demonstrated how the complex valued permeability of magnetic steel can be efficiently estimated in the presence of a strong skin-effect. This is achieved by using a simple transformer coil built on the magnetic steel to be tested and by efficient numerical modeling based on waveguide theory and complex analysis. Numerical computations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the commercial software COMSOL are employed to establish when edge effects can be ignored in the simplified analytical model.

This paper presents a model based technique to estimate the complex valued permeability of cable armour steel. An efficient analytical model is derived for the linearized mutual impedance of a transformer coil built on a core of magnetic armour steel. A numerical residue calculation is used to solve the related inverse problem based on impedance data. The analytical model is validated using commercial finite element (FEM) software to establish that edge effects can be neglected. The numerical residue calculation is investigated by studying its convergence based on a simple rectangular quadrature rule in comparison to the composite Simpson's rule. When there are no measurement errors, both methods converge with an unexpected high order (superconvergence). However, in practice the estimation performance will be governed by measurement and model errors. Assuming that there are Gaussian measurement errors, the present performance of the estimation technique is quantified and investigated by means of the Cramér-Rao lower bound. In future, the proposed method will be useful as an input to general calculations of power losses in three-phase power cables.

This paper presents a c ylindrical multipole expansion for periodic sources with applications for three-phase power cables.It is the aim of the contribution to provide some analytical solutions and techniques that can be useful in the calculation ofcable losses. Explicit analytical results are given for the fields generated by a three-phase helical current distribution andwhich can be computed efficiently as an input to other numerical methods such as, for example , the Method of Moments.It is shown that the field computations are numerically stable at low frequencies (such as 50 Hz) as well as in the quasi-magnetostatic limit provided that sources are divergence-free. The cylindrical multipole expansion is fur thermore usedto derive an efficient analytical model of a measurement coil to measure and estimate the complex valued permeability ofmagnetic steel armour in the presence of a strong skin-effect.

This paper discusses criteria for establishing uniqueness of wave propagation problems. Causality, or passivity that implies causality, is adopted as the fundamental principle. It is stressed that radiation conditions are not applicable for waveguide modes that carry no active power. The Jones' criteria for causality in the frequency domain, which covers the convectively unstable case, are presented and analysed, the vanishing absorption principle, VAP, in particular. It is proposed to use L² for a lossy medium but a weighted L² for the lossless case.

This paper describes the ongoing research on approximation of frequency dielectric spectroscopy measurement data. The algorithm based on passive approximation, Hilbert transform and Tikhonov regularization for non-uniformly sampled data is derived. The interpolation and extrapolation problems with application to the dielectric spectroscopy measurement data are solved using convex optimization. 

A passive approximation problem is formulated where the target function is an arbitrary complex valued continuous function defined on an approximation domain consisting of a closed interval of the real axis. The approximating function is any Herglotz function with a generating measure that is absolutely continuous with Hölder continuous density in an arbitrary neighborhood of the approximation domain. The norm used is induced by any of the standard L^p-norms where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. The problem of interest is to study the convergence properties of simple Herglotz functions where the generating measures are given by finite B-spline expansions, and where the real part of the approximating functions are obtained via the Hilbert transform. In practice, such approximations are readily obtained as the solution to a finite- dimensional convex optimization problem. A constructive convergence proof is given in the case with linear B-splines, which is valid for all L^p-norms with 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. A number of useful analytical expressions are provided regarding general B-splines and their Hilbert transforms. A typical physical application example is given regarding the passive approximation of a linear system having metamaterial characteristics. Finally, the flexibility of the optimization approach is illustrated with an example concerning the estimation of dielectric material parameters based on given dispersion data.