Gas migration and seafloor exudation are common phenomena in both deep and shallow water settings. However, the formation mechanisms and the relationships between different gas migration-related structures remain only partially understood. We constructed a reduced physical model of a submarine slope with two layers of varying permeabilities, subjected to a punctuated air injection to simulate gas migration and seafloor exudation. The air passage resulted in various structures, including mounds, pockmarks, chimneys, and different types of fractures (tensile, shear, irregular, radial, dendritic, and semicircular). Their processes, evolution, and interconnections were recorded and analyzed using image processing techniques. The results reveal the development of different stages of gas migration leading to seafloor exudation, from the initial fracturing stage to gas release into the water column, emphasizing the crucial role of impermeable layer thickness, the distribution of structures along the slope, and the impact of local topographic features. Our model provides robust insights into sediment deformation and the formation of structures associated with gas migration and exudation on the seafloor.