This report combines a systematic literature review with an exploratory interview study to examine why the municipality of Jönköping, Sweden, experiences relatively low levels of gang-related firearm violence compared to other similarly sized cities. Conducted within a three-year municipal research initiative, the study supports ongoing local development efforts in four priority areas: Huskvarna Söder, Råslätt, Österängen, and Öxnehaga.

The literature review synthesizes current research on structural and social factors that influence gang formation and firearm violence, such as inequality, segregation, and collective identity formation through violence. Additionally, the review presents individual risk factors for gang involvement and gun violence. It also outlines evidence-based interventions—including group violence reduction strategies, public health approaches, and functional family therapy—that have demonstrated positive results internationally.

To complement these findings, six interviews were conducted with strategically selected stakeholders engaged in Jönköping’s crime prevention and youth collaboration efforts. Interviewees emphasized the importance of the municipality’s long-standing, trust-based collaborative frameworks and targeted support for at-risk youths. They also highlighted the role of a strong civil society and high community engagement as protective factors. Comparative data suggest that Jönköping’s relatively low levels of segregation and socioeconomic inequality further contribute to its resilience.

The report concludes by recommending future research into how local criminal ecosystems may influence gang dynamics and help stabilize levels of violence.