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A modular multi-agent pipeline framework for large-scale code translation
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology. Softwerk AB, Sweden.
Softwerk AB, Sweden.
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology. Softwerk AB, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7565-3714
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1173-5187
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2026 (English)In: Future Generation Computer Systems, ISSN 0167-739X, E-ISSN 1872-7115, Vol. 184, article id 108599Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This publication presents an established engineering-driven framework for pipelining large language model (LLM) agents for automatic code translation. The framework is applied in a long-term ongoing industrial project with Danfoss Power Solutions aimed at translating five million lines of Delphi to C#. To manage this scale, the source codebase is divided into translatable chunks, which are processed independently through an agentic LLM pipeline, with subsequently the reassembly of the translated code chunks in the target language. Due to the inherent stochasticity of LLMs, the framework incorporates processing and validation functions to ensure consistency and correctness. As an extended version of our short paper (Bruneel et al., 2025), this paper provides a significantly more comprehensive architectural blueprint. Specifically, we present an indepth background & related work section, formalise the chunking and reassembly strategies, detail the internal mechanics of agent stages, and introduce sequential agent orchestration alongside the dynamic LLM pipeline architecture. Furthermore, we report early empirical observations regarding the pipeline's computational overhead, validation dynamics, and translation quality, noting a practical impact of an initial 10x acceleration over estimated manual translation efforts. Ultimately, we share these expanded insights to inform future development and application in similar large-scale translation tasks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2026. Vol. 184, article id 108599
Keywords [en]
code translation, large language models, mlops, llmops, llm pipeline, pipeline orchestration
National Category
Software Engineering Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-148289DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2026.108599ISI: 001790510700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105039308191OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-148289DiVA, id: diva2:2083342
Available from: 2026-07-02 Created: 2026-07-02 Last updated: 2026-08-17Bibliographically approved

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Bruneel, TiboLöwe, WelfEricsson, MorganPerez-Palacin, DiegoNordqvist, Jonas

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Bruneel, TiboLöwe, WelfEricsson, MorganPerez-Palacin, DiegoNordqvist, Jonas
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