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Correlation of time spent outdoors with refractive error and axial length in Swedish schoolchildren
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine and Optometry.
Linnaeus University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine and Optometry.
2021 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Korrelation av tid tillbringad utomhus med refraktionsfel och axiell längd hos svenska skolbarn (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to objectively measure time spent outdoors in natural light and correlate it with refractive error, axial length in Swedish schoolchildren. 

Method: A total of 24 participants aged between 10 -18 were given an accelerometer to be worn on their wrist. The participants wore the accelerometer for a median of 5 days (range: 2 to 8 days). A cutoff of 1000 lux was used to define the time spent outdoors. The time spent outdoors was collected and correlated with the participant’s spherical equivalent refraction and axial length. Information obtained through a questionnaire was used to compare objective measurement with subjective self-reported measure. 

Results: A non-statistically significant relationship was found between outdoor time, spherical equivalent refraction (Spearman rho = 0.16, p = 0.45) and axial length (Spearman rho = -0.28, p = 0.18). A relationship that was statistically significant could be found between outdoor time and age (Spearman rho = -0.50, p = <0.05), as well as between objectively measured outdoor time and subjectively reported outdoor time with Wilcoxon signed rank test with z = -3.0 p <0.01 

Conclusion: Even though this study did not find any statistically significant correlation, there was a general trend that children with negative refraction and longer axial length tend spend less time outdoors. Moreover, children tend to overestimate self-reported time spent outdoors compared to the actual measurements. 

Abstract [sv]

Syfte: Objektivt mäta tid spenderad utomhus i naturligt ljus och korrelera detta med subjektivt rapporterad tid spenderad utomhus, refraktionsfel och axiallängd bland svenska skolungdomar. 

Metod: Totalt 24 deltagare, mellan åldrarna 10–18, utrustades med en accelerometer att bära på handleden. Deltagarna bar accelerometern ett medianantal fem dagar (omfång 2–8 dagar). En gräns på 1 000 lux användes för att definiera tiden spenderad utomhus. Denna data samlades in och jämfördes med deltagarnas sfäriska ekvivalent refraktion och axiallängd. Information insamlad från frågeformulär användes för att jämföra utomhustiden som försökspersonerna subjektivt uppskattade med objektivt mätt utomhustid från apparaterna. 

Resultat: Ett icke statistiskt signifikant samband fanns mellan utomhustid, sfärisk ekvivalent refraktion (Spearman rho = 0,16, p = 0,45) och axiallängd (Spearman rho = - 0.28, p = 0,18). Ett samband som var statistiskt signifikant kunde finnas mellan utomhustid och ålder (Spearman rho=-0,50, p= <0,05), samt mellan objektivt mätt utomhustid och subjektivt rapporterad utomhustid med Wilcoxon signed rank test med z = -3,0 p <0,01. 

Slutsats: Trots att det inte fanns någon statistiskt signifikant samband fanns det en generell trend att barn med negativ refraktion och längre axiallängd tenderade att spendera mindre tid utomhus. Dessutom tenderar barn att överskatta hur mycket tid de spenderar utomhus jämfört med den faktiskt uppmätta utomhustiden. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. , p. 21
Keywords [en]
Myopia, myopic progression, emmetropization, circadian rhythm, children, outdoor, natural light, sunlight, light exposure, refractive error
National Category
Ophthalmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105195OAI: oai:DiVA.org:lnu-105195DiVA, id: diva2:1570361
Subject / course
Optometry
Educational program
Optometry Programme, 180 credits
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2021-06-22 Created: 2021-06-21 Last updated: 2021-06-22Bibliographically approved

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