This chapter provides a review of the contemporary Muslim travel and tourism literature. The chapter first discusses the growth in tourism from and within Islamic majority countries as well as the accompanying academic interest in the subject. It then highlights the diverse nature of the Muslim travel market before examining it further with respect to hospitality, tourism and travel cultures including religion and tourism consumption and issues of Islam, religiosity, and consumption. It notes the emergence in the literature of ‘Islamic’, ‘halal’, ‘sharia’, and ‘Muslim friendly’ tourisms as part of wider representations of Muslim travel culture. However, it then stresses that much contemporary Muslim travel culture need to be understood from some of the same framings of leisure and VFR (Visiting friends and relations tourism) as exist in the wider tourism literature. The diversity of the Muslim travel experience and consumption cultures being well illustrated by the experience of female Muslin travellers in different cultural, political and religious contexts. The chapter concludes by noting that Muslim travellers are diverse by culture, gender, age, ethnicity and nationality. Their travel habits, patterns, purposes and needs vary and should not be cast as uniform. However, Islam shapes their consumption and tourism lifestyle by virtue of theological requirements but with adherence and its relationship to tourism best understood on a continuum rather than in absolute terms. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, C. Michael Hall, Siamak Seyfi and S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh.