The aim of this study is to investigate communication between preschool teachersand children in documentation situations. The focus is also on what preschoolteachers actually document. The research questions are: What characterizes thecommunication between teachers and children when these teachers are documentingat the same time? What is the focus of the documentation? To interpret thiscommunication, Habermas’ concepts of communicative and strategic action areused. Data consist of video observations, where 157 min of recordings havebeen analysed. The study participants are 30 children, 1–3-years old and their 7preschool teachers. The results show that the preschool teachers either becomesilent observers or eager advocates of a particular discovery and that it is mainlychildren’s achievements that are documented. What is communicated and documentedby the teachers has a high degree of abstraction, and the communicationis of a strategic character.